Os ensaios de proficiências são amplamente utilizados para avaliar a capacidade analítica de laboratórios e também como parte dos processos de acreditação. Por esta razão, são importantes ferramentas para o controle dos resultados analíticos obtidos nos laboratórios que atuam diretamente com as empresas exportadoras de pescado. No Brasil não há provedores de ensaios de proficiência para metais potencialmente tóxicos em pescado. Neste trabalho serão descritos todos os passos utilizados para a produção de materiais de referência a serem utilizados em um estudo piloto de ensaios de proficiência para As, Cd, Pb e Hg em tecido de peixe in natura, seguindo as recomendações do Guia ISO 35. O esquema de preparação consistiu na seleção de indivíduos, limpeza, trituração, homogeneização e fortificação com As, Cd e Pb em dois níveis de concentração. A preparação resultou em 164 sachês de 10 g cada. A fim de avaliar o efeito da irradiação gama na conservação das amostras 52 sachês foram irradiados com uma fonte gamacell de cobalto 60 (60Co) (10,00 ± 1,05 KGy) e 52 não irradiadas, ambos selecionados aleatóriamente foram separados para os estudos de homogeneidade e estabilidade. O restante 60 sachês foram utilizados no ensaio de proficiência. Os resultados demonstraram que ambos os materiais foram homogêneos e apresentaram boa estabilidade (durante um período de 45 dias). No entanto, o material irradiado, apresentou uma melhor integridade foi um passo era crucial para assegurar a preservação da integridade, para a degradação biológica, quando armazenado em temperatura ambiente. Por esta razão, eles foram usados para o programa piloto de ensaios de proficiência. Dez laboratórios participaram do estudo piloto de ensaios de proficiência e os resultados foram avaliados por meio dos seguintes testes: z-score, a confiança elipse e erro normalizado. Este trabalho demonstra a capacidade do laboratório para a produção de materiais de referência, bem como para organizar e realizar testes de proficiência. / The proficiency tests are widely used to evaluate the analytical capacity of laboratories and also as part of the accreditation process. For this reason, are important tools for the control of the quality of the analytical results obtained in the laboratories that work directly with seafood companies. In Brazil there are no providers of proficiency testing for metals potentially toxics in fish tissues. In this work will be described all steps used for the production of reference materials to be used in a proficiency testing pilot study for As, Cd, Pb and Hg in fish tissue following the recommendations of the ISO Guide 35. He preparation scheme consisted in selecting the individuals, cleaning, grinding, homogenization and fortification with As, Cd and Pb in two concentration levels. The preparation resulted in 164 sachets of 10 g each. In order to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation in the samples conservation 52 sachets were irradiated with 60Co (10.00 ± 1.05 kGy) in a gamma cell. This material with others non irradiated 52 sachets were used for the homogeneity and stability studies. The remaining 60 were used for the proficiency testing. The results demonstrated that both materials were homogeneous and presented good stability (during a period of 45 days). However, the irradiated material present better integrity, concerning biological degradation, when stored in ambient temperature. For this reason they were used to the proficiency testing pilot program. Ten laboratories participated in the proficiency testing pilot study and the results were evaluated using the following tests: zscore, confidence ellipse and En numbers. This work demonstrates the capability of the laboratory to produce reference materials as well as to organize and conduct proficiency testing.

<p>Flow in a hopper is both a fertile testing ground for understanding fundamental granular flow rheology and industrially highly relevant. Despite increasing research efforts in this area, a comprehensive physical theory is still lacking for both jamming and flow of granular materials in a hopper. In this work, I have designed a two dimensional (2D) hopper experiment using photoelastic particles ( particles' shape: disk or ellipse ), with the goal to build a bridge between macroscopic phenomenon of hopper flow and microscopic particle-scale dynamics. Through synchronized data of particle tracking and stress distributions in particles, I have shown differences between my data of the time-averaged velocity/stress profile of 2D hopper flow with previous theoretical predictions. I have also demonstrated the importance of a mechanical stable arch near the opening on controlling hopper flow rheology and suggested a heuristic phase diagram for the hopper flow/jamming transition. Another part of this thesis work is focused on studying the impact of particle shape of particles on hopper flow. By comparing particle-tracking and photoelastic data for ellipses and disks at the appropriate length scale, I have demonstrated an important role for the rotational freedom of elliptical particles in controlling flow rheology through particle tracking and stress analysis. This work has been supported by International Fine Particle Research Institute (IFPRI) .</p> / Dissertation

The objective of this study is to investigate the technique of the PWS (Post-Weld-Shift) measurement in cylindrical-type laser diode module packaging processes. Including measure the shift in focus plane and the run-out between the axis of laser diode and optical fiber. The objective of this technique is to quantify the PWS in packaging processes. This technique can improve the efficient of the laser hammering technique. The measurement technique developed in this study employs a laser displacement meter (Keyence LC-2430) to measure the profile and position the upper housing of laser diode module. Using the concepts of ellipse and symmetric figure, the Ellipse Fitting Method (EFM) and the Symmetric Center Method (SCM) are developed. A simulation program is coded for discussing the relationship between the measurement error and the roundness of the optical fiber housing. Finally, these measuring technique are applied on the laser diode module packaging system (Newport-LW4000) to measure the PWS. The experimental measuring data of PWS is 3.5£gm, which is reasonable in compare to the estimate alignment offset (2.9£gm to 5.9£gm) by the coupling efficiency method. Therefore it is believed that the technique developed in this study is feasible and practical.

Performance improvement of a 3-D configuration reconstruction algorithm using a passive secondary target has been focused in this study. In earlier studies, a theoretical development of the 3-D configuration reconstruction algorithm was achieved and it was implemented by a computer program on a system consisting of an optical bench and a digital imaging system. The passive secondary target used was a circle with two internal spots. In order to use this reconstruction algorithm in autonomous systems, an automatic target recognition algorithm has been developed in this study. Starting from a pre-captured and stored 8-bit gray-level image, the algorithm automatically detects the elliptical image of a circular target and determines its contour in the scene. It was shown that the algorithm can also be used for partially captured elliptical images. Another improvement achieved in this study is the determination of internal camera parameters of the vision system.

Zugl.: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 2005

Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2007.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 445534 bytes, checksum: 6d9bec9dbcfd5842c82db998451fec95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 / In this work we introduce the concept of curvature ellipse at one point of a surface immersed in Rn, n &#8805; 4 to study the relationship between semiumbilics points (points that the curvature ellipse degenerated in a segment line), the existence of umbilic normal directions to the surface and hyperspherical surfaces. To achieve these goals we base our results especially in the articles &#8220;Umbilicity of surfaces with orthogonal asymptotic lines in R4&#8221; of M. C. Romero-Fuster and F. Sánchez-Bringas [24] and &#8220;Geometric Contacts of Surfaces Immersed in Rn, n &#8805; 5&#8221; of S. I. R. Costa, S. M. Moraes and M. C. Romero-Fuster [5]. / Neste trabalho introduzimos o conceito de elipse de curvatura em um ponto de uma superfície imersa em Rn, n &#8805; 4 com o objetivo de estudar as relações entre pontos semiumbílicos (pontos onde a elipse de curvatura se degenera em um segmento de reta), a existência de direções normais de umbilicidade à superfície e superfícies hiperesféricas. Para obter tais objetivos baseamos nossos resultados principalmente nos artigos &#8220;Umbilicity of surfaces with orthogonal asymptotic lines in IR4&#8221; de M. C. Romero-Fuster e F. Sánchez-Bringas [24] e &#8220;Geometric Contacts of Surfaces Immersed in IRn, n &#8805; 5&#8221; de S. I. R. Costa, S. M. Moraes e M. C. Romero-Fuster [5].

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiannyAN.pdf: 1040244 bytes, checksum: ad1fdad987ef4b04e5da0f991183dbdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-28 / The main goal of the present study is to propose a methodological approach to the teaching of Geometry and, in particular, to the construction of the concepts of circle (circumference) and ellipse by 7th and 8th grade students. In order to aid the students in the construction of these concepts, we developed a module based on mathematical modeling, and both Urban Geometry (Taxicab Geometry) and Isoperimetric Geometry. Our analysis was based on Jean Piaget's Equilibrium Theory. Emphasizing the use of intuition based on accumulated past experiences, the students were encouraged to come up with a hypothesis, try it out, discuss it with their peers, and derive conclusions. Although the graphs of circles and ellipses assume different shapes in Urban and Isoperimetric Geometry than they do in the standard Euclidian Geometry, their definitions are identical regardless of the metric used. Thus, by comparing the graphs produced in the different metrics, the students were able to consolidate their understanding of these concepts. The intervention took place in a series of small group activities. At the end of the study, the 53 seventh grade and the 55 eighth grade students had a better understanding of the concepts of circle and ellipse / O objetivo principal deste trabalho ? propor uma abordagem metodol?gica do ensino da Geometria e, mais particularmente, de constru??o dos conceitos de circunfer?ncia e elipse por alunos de 7? e 8? s?rie. Desenvolvemos um estudo te?rico-pr?tico, baseado na modelagem matem?tica e nas Geometrias Urbana e Isoperim?trica, a fim de oportunizar aos alunos construir o seu entendimento sobre circunfer?ncia e elipse. A an?lise dessa constru??o foi realizada com base na Teoria da Equilibra??o de Jean Piaget. Foi enfatizado o uso da intui??o que estes estudantes j? tinham acumulado em situa??es cotidianas. Eles foram encorajados a levantar hip?teses, testar, discutir com os colegas e tirar suas conclus?es. No entanto, o uso das Geometrias Urbana e Isoperim?trica implica que os gr?ficos das circunfer?ncia e elipse tomem formas diferentes. A compara??o dessas formas ?s produzidas na Geometria Euclidiana foi usada para consolidar o entendimento desses conceitos, desde que s?o id?nticos, independente das m?tricas. A interven??o foi efetivada mediante o uso de uma s?rie de atividades cumpridas em pequenos grupos. Ao final do estudo percebemos que os 53 alunos da 7? e 55 da 8? s?rie, participantes do mesmo, foram capazes de obter um melhor entendimento dos conceitos de circunfer?ncia e elipse

abstract: There is a growing interest for improved high-accuracy camera calibration methods due to the increasing demand for 3D visual media in commercial markets. Camera calibration is used widely in the fields of computer vision, robotics and 3D reconstruction. Camera calibration is the first step for extracting 3D data from a 2D image. It plays a crucial role in computer vision and 3D reconstruction due to the fact that the accuracy of the reconstruction and 3D coordinate determination relies on the accuracy of the camera calibration to a great extent. This thesis presents a novel camera calibration method using a circular calibration pattern. The disadvantages and issues with existing state-of-the-art methods are discussed and are overcome in this work. The implemented system consists of techniques of local adaptive segmentation, ellipse fitting, projection and optimization. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme. These results show that the proposed method reduces the error as compared to the state-of-the-art for high-resolution images, and that the proposed scheme is more robust to blur in the imaged calibration pattern. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2012

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Anastasia Guidi Itokazu / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, 2017. / O presente trabalho tem por finalidade estudar como Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), em sua Astronomia Nova (1609), identifica e esboça uma nova astronomia, especialmente ao romper com o axioma platônico dos movimentos celestes circulares e uniformes ao propor uma órbita elíptica para o planeta Marte. Em particular, defendemos um ponto de vista que contraria a visão segundo a qual Kepler teria determinado a órbita elíptica de Marte utilizando única e exclusivamente os dados empíricos de Tycho Brahe (1546-1601). Este tipo de concepção se encontra bastante alinhada ao pensamento do grande tradutor das obras completas de Kepler, Max Caspar, que revela logo nas páginas iniciais da Astronomia Nova, na edição traduzida para o inglês por W. H. Donahue, a expressão aus der erfahrung bewiesen, cuja tradução do alemão remete à ideia de que as leis do movimento planetário teriam sido demonstradas por meio da experiência, ou seja, por meio dos dados observacionais. Com efeito, temos um entendimento que diverge desta visão estritamente empírica, pois consideramos a influência de duas hipóteses frequentemente negligenciadas pelos estudiosos de Kepler: a ação da força motriz solar sobre Marte, que daria conta de justificar a elipse mediante aspectos físicos ou metafísicos subjacentes ao método de cálculo, e o movimento de libração, responsável pelos fenômenos de aproximação e afastamento do planeta em relação ao Sol. Dessa forma, nossa pesquisa pretende esclarecer quais foram os pressupostos utilizados por Kepler para estabelecer o salto não trivial do círculo para a curva oval e, especialmente, da oval para a curva elíptica. / The present work aims to study how Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), in his Astronomia Nova (1609), identifies and outlines a new astronomy, especially when breaks the platonic axiom of circular and uniform celestial motions proposing an elliptical orbit for the planet Mars. In particular, we defend a point that contradicts the view according to which Kepler had determined the elliptical orbit of Mars using solely the empirical data of Tycho Brahe (1546- 1601). This kind of conception is very aligned with the thought of the great translator of the complete works of Kepler, Max Caspar, who reveals in the opening pages of the New Astronomy, in the edition translated into English by W. H. Donahue, the expression aus der erfahrung bewiesen, whose german translation refers to the idea that the laws of planetary motion had been demonstrated by experience, that is, through observational data. In fact, we have an understanding that diverges from this strictly empirical view, as we consider the influence of two hypotheses often neglected by Kepler's researches: the action of the sun's motive power on Mars, which would account to justify the ellipse by physical or metaphysical aspects underlying the method of calculation, and the movement of libration, responsible for the phenomena of approaching and the recession of the planet from the sun. In this way, our research aims to clarify what were the assumptions used by Kepler to establish the nontrivial jump from the circle to the oval figure and, especially, from the oval to the elliptical orbit.