Bachelor-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2006.

Sankt Gallen, Univ., Diss., 2009.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Giessen.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Bielefeld.

Diagnostische Praxis in sächsischen Kindertagesstätten mit heilpädagogischer und mit integrativer Ausrichtung - eine Untersuchung in sächsischen Einrichtungen

"Umweltaspekte und ihre Wertrelevanz für die Unternehmen: Eine Zusammenfassung existierender empirischer Forschungsergebnisse!" (diese Version ist nicht mehr aktuell! 03.04.2007) The management of the value of a firm requires the identification of important value drivers. The main objective of the paper is to find out whether value based management (e.g. shareholder value oriented management) has to take into account environmental aspects. In order to answer this question, the paper will determine whether there is an empirically proven relationship between the economic and environmental performance of companies. The paper is divided into three main parts: The development of a basic theory, the examination of existing empirical results and the concluding integration of theory with empirical results. Basic Theory: To build a basis, the paper first specifies the theoretical connection between economic and environmental performance of companies. Economic performance (e.g. definable by financial statement and/or capital market data) and environmental performance (e.g. definable by operational and strategic data) are linked in a model. Based on the model the influence of environmental aspects on corporate value is examined resulting in seven hypotheses for the relationship of environmental and economic performance. Empirical Results: In order to test the developed theoretical relation, empirical studies are identified and assessed, with regard to the relationship between economic and environmental performance. The research results in 122 studies from all over the world, which are subject to further investigation. The analyzing process includes different steps. First, the studies are divided and reviewed as far as their empirical method and soundness are concerned. Mainly they can be differentiated in regression, event and portfolio studies. Furthermore the study categorizes the environmental and economic variables used in the analyzed studies. Economic measures are divided into the following categories: market based measures (e.g. stock price), accounting based measures (e.g. RoA), accounting and market based measures (e.g. Tobins q), perceived performance measures (i.e. derived from questionnaires) and miscellaneous measures (e.g. shadow prices). Environmental measures on the other hand are divided into the seven categories: strategic environmental performance, operational environmental performance, questionnaires, rating/ranking, events, environmental disclosure and mutual funds. The next step identifies the empirical result of every study as well as important determinants (e.g. the distinguished environmental and economic categories) of the results. The objective is to show whether general patterns for the existence of different results can be defined. Overall it can be shown that about 40% of all studies report a significant positive relationship between economic and environmental performance, contrary to only 11% reporting significant negative results. Furthermore, in order to assess the special role of environmental aspects as value drivers 23 suitable studies are analyzed on the basis of Rappaport?s shareholder network. Results provide an even stronger evidence for the value creating role of environmental aspects. Conclusion: Finally we can detect statistically proven environmental value drivers combining theoretical and empirical research. At the same time, the empirical methods are also evaluated, especially with regard to there ability to provide useful support for the development and examination of the theoretical research. Overall it seems to the authors that the whole research on the topic runs parallel and is not combined. There are only a few studies who are built on already recognized relations or which try the confirm such relations. Based on these cornerstones, requirements for further empirical research are identified and specified.

The management of the value of a firm requires the identification of important value drivers. The main objective of the paper is to find out whether value based management (e.g. shareholder value oriented management) has to take into account environmental aspects. In order to answer this question, the paper will determine whether there is an empirically proven relationship between the economic and environmental performance of companies. The paper is divided into three main parts: The development of a basic theory, the examination of existing empirical results and the concluding integration of theory with empirical results. Basic Theory: To build a basis, the paper first specifies the theoretical connection between economic and environmental performance of companies. Economic performance (e.g. definable by financial statement and/or capital market data) and environmental performance (e.g. definable by operational and strategic data) are linked in a model. Based on the model the influence of environmental aspects on corporate value is examined resulting in seven hypotheses for the relationship of environmental and economic performance. Empirical Results: In order to test the developed theoretical relation, empirical studies are identified and assessed, with regard to the relationship between economic and environmental performance. The research results in 122 studies from all over the world, which are subject to further investigation. The analyzing process includes different steps. First, the studies are divided and reviewed as far as their empirical method and soundness are concerned. Mainly they can be differentiated in regression, event and portfolio studies. Furthermore the study categorizes the environmental and economic variables used in the analyzed studies. Economic measures are divided into the following categories: market based measures (e.g. stock price), accounting based measures (e.g. RoA), accounting and market based measures (e.g. Tobins q), perceived performance measures (i.e. derived from questionnaires) and miscellaneous measures (e.g. shadow prices). Environmental measures on the other hand are divided into the seven categories: strategic environmental performance, operational environmental performance, questionnaires, rating/ranking, events, environmental disclosure and mutual funds. The next step identifies the empirical result of every study as well as important determinants (e.g. the distinguished environmental and economic categories) of the results. The objective is to show whether general patterns for the existence of different results can be defined. Overall it can be shown that about 40% of all studies report a significant positive relationship between economic and environmental performance, contrary to only 11% reporting significant negative results. Furthermore, in order to assess the special role of environmental aspects as value drivers 23 suitable studies are analyzed on the basis of Rappaport?s shareholder network. Results provide an even stronger evidence for the value creating role of environmental aspects. Conclusion: Finally we can detect statistically proven environmental value drivers combining theoretical and empirical research. At the same time, the empirical methods are also evaluated, especially with regard to there ability to provide useful support for the development and examination of the theoretical research. Overall it seems to the authors that the whole research on the topic runs parallel and is not combined. There are only a few studies who are built on already recognized relations or which try the confirm such relations. Based on these cornerstones, requirements for further empirical research are identified and specified.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Münster, 2007.

Nach der Berücksichtigung einzelner Stakeholder-Interessen und der Einführung allgemein anzuwendender Umweltmanagementsysteme, stehen die Unternehmen vor der Herausforderung, ihre Umweltleistung zu messen. Seit 1997 widmet sich die Professur für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere Betriebliche Umweltökonomie der Technischen Universität Dresden, der Frage, wie Umweltleistung und ökologischer Erfolg eines Unternehmens zu messen sind. Dieses Working Paper will einen Ausschnitt dieser Forschungsaktivitäten der Professur darstellen, indem es vier Fragen beantwortet: 1. Wie können Umweltleistung und ökologischer Erfolg als Begriffe verwendet werden? - Ergebnisse einer Expertenbefragung 2. Wie wurde der Ansatz des Environmental Performance Measurement weiterentwickelt? - Vorstellung des softwaregestützten Controllinginstruments EPM-KOMPAS 3. Welche Daten zur Umweltleistungsmessung liegen im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau und in der Chemischen Industrie vor? - Vorstellung zweier empirischer Studien aus den Jahren 1999 und 2003 4. Welche Charakteristika sollte jeder Ansatz zur Umweltleistungsmessung in Unternehmen aufweisen? - Vorstellung eines Grundrezeptes

In der empirischen Forschung gehören Fragebatterien (Sammlungen verschiedener Fragen zu einem gemeinsamen Thema von Interesse) in Umfragen zu den etablierten Instrumenten der Datenerhebung. Die Antworten Befragter auf einzelne Fragen solcher Batterien müssen jedoch nicht zwangsläufig der Wahrheit entsprechen, sondern können durch sogenannte Antwortverzerrungen bewusst oder unbewusst von der eigentlich wahren Antwort abweichen. Eine der bekanntesten Antwortverzerrungen, welche darüber hinaus vielfältig in verschiedenen Studien nachgewiesen werden konnte, ist der Fragereihenfolgeneffekt (kurz: „FRE“). Von einem solchen ist die Rede, wenn die Antwort auf eine nachfolgend gestellte Frage durch die Antwort auf eine vorangegangene Frage beeinflusst wird und die Antwort auf die Folgefrage dadurch systematisch von der eigentlich wahren Antwort abweicht. Um die Entstehungsbedingungen solcher FRE zu identifizieren, wurden verschiedene etablierte Modelle und Theorien des Befragtenverhaltens und der Verhaltensforschung analysiert und hinsichtlich ihrer kleinsten gemeinsamen Nenner verglichen. Hierauf basierend zeigt sich theoretisch fundiert, dass der kognitive Modus der Informationsverarbeitung bei der Beantwortung einer Frage, die Zugänglichkeit von Informationen bezüglich des Objekts der Fragebatterie, sowie das allgemeine Framing der Befragtenrolle maßgebliche Determinanten des Befragtenverhaltens und des Auftretens von FRE darstellen. Um die durch FRE auftretenden Verzerrungen zu bereinigen und um darüber hinaus die konkrete Höhe der FRE und deren Prädiktoren zu quantifizieren, wurde nachfolgend ein CFA Modell entwickelt (das NLC-CFA Modell), welches in der Lage ist, den Einfluss der drei identifizierten Determinanten zu berücksichtigen. Durch die konkrete Berücksichtigung der Determinanten hat das NLC-CFA Modell einen erhöhten Mehrwert gegenüber einem etablierten Modell zur Bereinigung von Antwortverzerrungen (das CFA-MTMM Modell), sowohl hinsichtlich der konkreten Effizienz der Bereinigung, als auch hinsichtlich des Informationsgewinns durch die zusätzliche Quantifizierung des FRE sowie dessen Abhängigkeiten, wie eine umfassende Evaluation des Modells auf Basis mehrerer Monte-Carlo Simulationsstudien zeigt. Das NLC-CFA Modell kann dar-über hinaus situativ adaptiert werden, um beliebige Antwortverzerrungen und nicht nur Verzerrungen durch den FRE zu bereinigen.