The aim of this thesis was to examine the conditions for democratic bildung-oriented education for students in the school science discourse. This is something that the Swedish curriculum is based on and thereby the education should develop students' capacity for social, political and cultural awareness. The theoretical framework used is grounded in critical didactics and feminist theories which assume that students should feel involved and get their voices heard. The Swedish national test in chemistry (2009-2012) and student answers (198n) from one of the items in the 2009 test have been analyzed using discourse analysis. The first study explored the norms and values present in the national tests in chemistry, in relation to people, society and nature. The second study focused on student’s evaluative language in their free-text answers to one of the items. Thereby attitudes in student answers were projected in relation to the norms and values found in the first study. Finally, the student answers were used once more in a third study, where students’ positioning in relation to the scientific discourse in the chemistry test (2009) was explored, as well as which feminist figurations these subject positions express. The results show that the national tests harbor an elitist image and anandrocentric bias.The normative message is that students should adopt an objective, rational, non-judgmental and non-emotional role. Topics connected to young people’s everyday life, that might interest students, are rare. Contrary to the normative messages mediated by the tests, students use evaluative and embodied language to a high extent in their answers. They choose to write about topics that are close to their everyday life and they show that they are emotionally engaged. Through feminist figurations theories used in the third study one can see how the student-subject positions offer resistance in different ways. This is shown in their criticism of science and technology, human society and nature. The students' responses have embraced an embodied chemistry that can be interpreted as teaching based on bildung and deliberative discussions.

Submitted by Juliana Mansur (juliana.kopp@fgv.br) on 2016-02-22T13:14:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JULIANA MANSUR_VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1961862 bytes, checksum: c1bd07a7bcc2dfd3f04c3b85b4581a3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-02-25T14:29:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JULIANA MANSUR_VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1961862 bytes, checksum: c1bd07a7bcc2dfd3f04c3b85b4581a3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-02-29T11:47:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JULIANA MANSUR_VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1961862 bytes, checksum: c1bd07a7bcc2dfd3f04c3b85b4581a3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-29T11:47:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JULIANA MANSUR_VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1961862 bytes, checksum: c1bd07a7bcc2dfd3f04c3b85b4581a3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-03 / Although cross-cultural leadership research has thrived in international business literature, little attention has been devoted to understanding the effectiveness of non-western theories beyond their original contexts. The purpose of this study is to examine the cross-cultural endorsement of paternalistic leadership, an emerging non-western leadership theory, using data from GLOBE project. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses we found measurement equivalence of a scale derived from GLOBE’s data, which enabled us to compare the endorsement of paternalistic leadership dimensions across 10 cultural clusters and 55 societies. Our study revealed that there are significant differences in the importance societies give to each dimension, suggesting that paternalism as leadership style is not universally nor homogeneously endorsed. Furthermore, results suggest that different patterns of endorsement of each of these dimensions give rise to idiosyncratic shades of paternalistic leadership across societies. Implications for theory and future research on international business are discussed. / Paternalistic leadership is a flourishing area in leadership literature, traditionally assumed to be culture bounded. However, empirical evidences have suggested that rather than national cultures, the conditions under which paternalistic leaders are effective can be related to the fit between the style of a leader and that of his or her followers. In the present research, we focus on paternalistic leadership and contrast it with empowering leadership, as two opposite ways on how leaders influence followers, to explore the individual conditions under which both styles can be effective. Adopting a follower-centered approach, we base our arguments on person-supervisor (P-S) fit theory and regulatory focus theory to propose that leadership effectiveness may be contingent to followers’ own values and motivational needs. We expected paternalistic leadership behaviors (e.g, authority, benevolence, support) to supply motivational needs for predominantly prevention-focused followers, and empowering leadership behaviors (e.g. empowerment, encouragement and autonomy) to supply motivational needs for predominantly promotion-focused followers. Using data collected from two experimental studies and a business simulation, we found support for these ideas, showing that fit increased followers’ perception of attitudinal and behavioral outcomes, such as in-role and creative performance.

Introduction: An interconnected world is impelling workforce composition towards cultural heterogeneity. Since leadership is a cultural construct, leaders should display those styles that enable them to function effectively in culturally varied conditions. Cultural intelligence could assist leaders in this respect. Purpose: To investigate the role cultural intelligence plays in the leadership style (empowering and directive leadership) and leadership effectiveness domain, so as to aid leader selection and development. Method: A systematic review of the cultural intelligence literature, coupled with content and thematic analysis, allowed for the knowledge to be organised per the concept, definition and truth statement (validated hypotheses) elements of the general body of scientific knowledge framework. Correlation and regression analysis of cross-sectional survey data, from 1140 respondents, were used to assess relationships between leader cultural intelligence, leadership styles (empowering and directive) and leadership effectiveness. Results: Nine concepts associated with, and 24 different definitions of cultural intelligence, were identified. Sixty percent of hypotheses on cultural intelligence have been confirmed as truth statements. The relationship between leader cultural intelligence and empowering leadership demonstrated a large practical effect. This relationship was underpinned primarily by metacognitive and motivational cultural intelligence. The relationship with directive leadership carried a medium practical effect, and was strongest at the motivational and cognitive cultural intelligence levels. The part played by subordinates’ cultural identity in the display of empowering and directive leadership by culturally intelligent leaders was insignificant; rather, leader cultural intelligence was the dominant informant of these leadership styles. Finally, leader cultural intelligence did not impact the relationship between empowering leadership and leadership effectiveness. Although it did negatively affect the directive leadership and leadership effectiveness relationship, the moderation had no practical effect. Conclusions: The concepts associated with cultural intelligence are: accomplishment, culture, expatriates, experience, fit, intelligence, motivation, supervision and training. Cultural intelligence definitions remain mostly based on those of the seminal authors. The majority of truths cover just six themes. Leadership style (empowering and directive) is a function of leader cultural intelligence. Although leader cultural intelligence extends beyond subordinates’ cultural identity in predicting empowering and directive leadership, it does not influence their relationships with leadership effectiveness. / Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL) / D.B.L.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeninaLSS_TESE.pdf: 2389924 bytes, checksum: be98cf3c8ee6fa1fe09ca9da91183afc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-30 / This thesis is a translation of work of the Brazilian doctor, Pedro da Silva Nava (1903-1984), in particular, his memoirs and chronicles, articulated with the writings of medicine history, aiming to defend that the autobiographical narratives are sources of research capable of promoting discussions on the expansion of the present at the confluence of complex and unequal society in constant changing process as the Brazilian. The theoretical and methodological support circulates around studies, proposals and thesis by Boaventura Santos about empowering past, destabilizing subjectivity, sociology of absences, cosmopolitan reason and translation work. The empirical support drawn from the literature produced by Nava were analyzed with reference this reasoning and studies that have facilitated the flow of translation among others, the studies of Antonio Candido, Arrigucci Jr., Boris Cyrulnik, Beatriz Sarlo, Ecl?a Bosi, ?talo Calvino, Jos? Willington Germano, Jos? Maria Can?ado, Lev Vygotsky, Marilena Chau?, Paul Ric?eur and Walter Benjamim, without neglecting what we consider indispensable to scientific research, the production of relevant knowledge and prudent, in view of a decent life. The initial inflections reflect the subject of the Memoirs and its education/training, to then place the Memoir subject in the literary context, scientific, historical and Brazilian poetic (1972-2010), bringing great interpreters and discussing the rationale used by the Narrator that we defend stand closer to the cosmopolitan, showing the formation of narratives whose presence insert itself beforehand to modernist verve, linked to the discursive array against the literature as domination space, disseminated in Brazil in the early twentieth century. So, it articulate with those in which the concerns adjust the construction of the social formation of Brazil as a national heritage through literary narrative that focuses on a historical principle that becomes the past empowering, allowing his rereading, whose converge to memory, the lifestyles, the plurality of language and Brazilian culture, formed by several people, converging into a design not of culture but multiculturalism in Brazil. The memory issue was addressed in the space-time of experiences of being that narrates, shaped by a destabilizing subjectivity that sought to order the testimony of a time, a history and society, retelling them by creative imagination, almost fictional, to make circulate his knowledge about Brazil attached to his medical knowledge, as well as other subjects in his living group and other groups with whom they maintained contact. Thus, he portrayed both tangible and intangible cultural assets of the country as a form of preservation, giving them meanings and sense. It approaches, therefore, from the perspective of sociology of absences, the expansion of the present and by the logic inherent in his narratives of self and Brazil / Consiste, este trabalho de tese, de uma tradu??o da obra do m?dico brasileiro, Pedro da Silva Nava (1903-1984), em particular, de seus escritos memorial?sticos e das cr?nicas, articulados com os de hist?ria da medicina, objetivando-se defender que as narrativas autobiogr?ficas s?o fontes de pesquisas capazes de promover discuss?es sobre a dilata??o do presente na conflu?ncia de uma sociedade desigual e complexa, em constante processo de mudan?a, como a brasileira. A fundamenta??o te?rica e metodol?gica circula no entorno dos estudos, propostas e teses de Boaventura Santos sobre passado capacitante, subjetividade desestabilizadora, sociologia das aus?ncias, raz?o cosmopolita e trabalho de tradu??o. As bases emp?ricas, extra?das da literatura produzida por Nava, foram analisadas tendo como referentes esta fundamenta??o e estudos que possibilitaram o fluir da tradu??o, entre outros, de Antonio Candido, Arrigucci Jr., Boris Cyrulnik, Beatriz Sarlo, Ecl?a Bosi, ?talo Calvino, Jos? Willington Germano, Jos? Maria Can?ado, Lev Vygotsky, Marilena Chau?, Paul Ric?eur e Walter Benjamim, sem descurar daquilo que consideramos imprescind?vel ? pesquisa cient?fica, ? produ??o de conhecimentos prudentes e pertinentes, na perspectiva de uma vida decente. As inflex?es iniciais traduzem o sujeito das Mem?rias e sua educa??o/forma??o, para, em seguida, situar as Mem?rias do sujeito no contexto liter?rio, cient?fico, hist?rico e po?tico brasileiro (1972-2010). Trazem seus principais int?rpretes, discutindo a racionalidade empregada pelo Narrador, que defendemos aproximar-se da cosmopolita, evidenciando a constitui??o de narrativas cujas presen?as inserem-se de antem?o ? verve modernista, vinculada ? matriz discursiva contr?ria ? literatura como espa?o de domina??o, disseminada no Brasil no in?cio do S?culo XX. Desse modo, articula-se ?quela na qual as preocupa??es conformam a constru??o da forma??o social do Brasil, como patrim?nio nacional, atrav?s da narrativa liter?ria com enfoque em um princ?pio hist?rico que torna o passado capacitante. Permite, assim, sua releitura, para cujas tramas convergem ? mem?ria, os modos de vida, a pluralidade da linguagem e da cultura brasileira, formada por v?rios povos, confluindo para uma concep??o, n?o de cultura, mas de multiculturalidade brasileira. A quest?o da mem?ria foi tratada no espa?otempo das experi?ncias do ser que narra, moldado por uma subjetividade desestabilizadora que buscou ordenar os testemunhos de um tempo, de uma hist?ria e de uma sociedade, recontando-os pela imagina??o criadora, quase ficcional, para fazer circular seus conhecimentos sobre o Brasil, unidos aos seus conhecimentos m?dicos, bem como aos de outros sujeitos de seu grupo de conviv?ncia e de outros grupos com os quais manteve contato. Assim, retratou bens culturais materiais e imateriais do pa?s como forma de preserva??o, atribuindo-lhes significados e sentidos. Aproxima-se, portanto, da perspectiva de sociologia das aus?ncias, pela dilata??o do presente e pelas l?gicas a ela inerentes em suas narrativas de si e do Brasil

This research seeks to adopt a post-foundationalist practical theology paradigm, as discussed by J C Müller, in order to create a bridge between the three concepts of the pastoral care perspective, the narrative perspective based on social-constructionism and post-foundationalism. Furthermore, I made use of Müller’s seven movements of methodology which laid a strong foundation to base my research on regarding married migrant women living within Korean multicultural families. Korean society which is a homogeneous culture is currently facing many challenges as a result of becoming more and more multicultural. These multicultural issues are becoming major social and political issues in South Korea. The main reason that South Korean society has become more multicultural is because of intercultural marriages which have also resulted in an increase in multicultural families. These migrant women are faced with many kinds of discrimination and prejudice as a result of their different appearance, culture and language. Furthermore, Korean culture often deprives women of having any position above men especially once they are married. After being married a woman should become invisible, voiceless, and nameless in order to become culturally acceptable. This often results in a migrant woman feeling stressed, fearful, isolated and alone which often results in the development of a low self-esteem, a lack of self-confidence and a low self-image. In my research, I sought to listen to and identify the stories of migrant women, namely foreign women who have married Korean men with a focus on the impact on their identities within a Korean multicultural family through a narrative perspective in order to have a positive growth and outcome from their intercultural differences within South Korea. I decided to view my co-researchers not as co-researchers but as companions on a journey which we could undertake together. The use of the metaphors ‘journey’ and ‘companions’ seemed to give my companions the freedom to speak more openly and placed us on an equal level. Furthermore, I not only discovered my companions’ identities through their own stories, but also developed my companions’ true identities/multi-identities through the broader, inter-relational stories of other people within multicultural communities through a six step process of Listening to the voice, Gaining voice, Giving voice, Finding alternative voice, Retelling voice and Creating future voice. I made use of the narrative approach in order to listen to my companions so that a unity would exist between their past, present and future stories. As I listened to the stories of my companions from a narrative perspective new possibilities were opened which lead to alternative and future stories. Furthermore, my companions were given the opportunity to find themselves and make new identities on the real journey of life. Through the process of my research I also developed a multicultural identity model specifically for married migrant women in South Korea, but ultimately the purpose of my research was not to show or develop a multicultural identity model regarding migrant women, but was more to help these migrant women find their identities themselves and in this become self-empowered to become contributors to Korean society. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Practical Theology / unrestricted

This thesis investigates the construction of role models, more specifically literary didactics and constructions of subject positions, in literary works with exemplary stories in Swedish 1400–1750, from the perspective of literature for children and young adults. Childhood concepts, didactic concepts and subject positions presented to the reader are analyzed from the point of view of dominance and dissonance between different characters and messages. A number of themes have been chosen for a comparative study, for example: ideas about identification, the construction of subject positions and ideals for girls, the responsibility of adults, subversive tendencies, obedience or autonomy, the immoral role model as exemplary, conflicts between different childhood concepts, adults and children as role models. A central conclusion is that there is variation when it comes to the subject positions that are constructed for children and young adults, mainly through role models. There are examples of authoritative teachings that demands the subordination and obedience of the reader/recipient, as well as encouragement of questioning and even contra conventional subject positions. One conclusion is that premodern literature for the young does not just have an authoritative tone towards the reader, but the texts also negotiates with the reader. The messages are not just about obedience and religious fidelity, but also about learning, questioning and personal, moral responsibility. A critical perspective on adults is encouraged through critizism of adults and exemplary role models. Subject positions for girls also vary in the texts. Some texts convey conventional, passive gender roles while others present active subject positions, where chastity, wisdom and manliness are presented as ideal virtues for girls.

Black women in historically challenged communities in South Africa carry the burden of triple oppression: (a) the social engineering policies synonymous with apartheid have marginalised women economically and socially, (b) patriarchy, embedded in cultural and religious discourses, has rendered women voiceless and powerless and (c) HIV/AIDS targets the most vulnerable: women and children. Not only are women carrying the brunt of HIV infections, but they also carry the extra burden of caring for the sick and the orphaned. The main aim of this research was to reach a holistic understanding of the untold stories of women in historically challenged communities, infected and/or affected by HIV/AIDS, and specifically about their experiences of care and the lack of care. The two secondary aims were: 1) to research alternative ways and means of making the unheard stories known in South African society; and 2) to disseminate research findings on the stories of these women in such a way that developmental policies could be influenced to enhance alternative, holistic stories of care in the South African society. A family of three women and a translator participated as co-researchers with the writer in this research experience. The researcher reflected on the research experience with volunteers from two home-based care programs in the community. The researcher uses drama as metaphor to document her ‘colourful’ research experience and to make sense of the many intricate and intertwined narratives and discourses, documented over a period of six months in her research diary, through recorded interviews, through her participation with the co-researchers and through the ethnography she had engaged in. The research experience has found that to be able to ‘care someone else into existence’; it is paramount that you as carer experience ‘empowering care’ yourself. ‘Empowering care’ is not possible if injustice prevails. This research experience challenges Government to investigate the ethical implications of the policy of placing the burden of care for the dying and the orphans on the shoulders of women in historically challenged communities. / Thesis (PhD (Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Ce mémoire vise principalement à déterminer l’effet médiateur de la justice organisationnelle entre le leadership d’habilitation des supérieurs immédiats et la détresse psychologique des employés. Deux objectifs principaux sont poursuivis. Le premier consiste à identifier l’impact du leadership d’habilitation sur la détresse psychologique. Le second objectif vise à déterminer le rôle médiateur de la justice organisationnelle, plus précisément la justice distributive, la justice procédurale, la justice interpersonnelle et la justice informationnelle, entre le leadership d’habilitation exercé envers un subordonné et la détresse psychologique. Les données secondaires qui nous permettent de faire les analyses statistiques nécessaires ont été recueillies dans le cadre d’une étude réalisée dans le secteur de la fabrication métallique industrielle (FMI) du Québec. Un total de 741 employés ont été sondés à l’aide de questionnaires. Des analyses d’équations structurelles ont permis de compléter nos analyses. Les résultats indiquent que le leadership d’habilitation seul ne permet pas de réduire les niveaux de détresse psychologique d’un subordonné. Cependant, les hypothèses concernant le rôle médiateur de la justice distributive et de la justice procédurale ont été confirmées. Pour conclure, ces résultats montrent que le leadership d’habilitation jumelé à la perception d’un haut niveau de justice distributive ou procédurale a un impact significatif sur la diminution de la survenance de détresse psychologique. Ainsi, il est dans l’intérêt des organisations du secteur de la fabrication métallurgique au Québec d’influencer les supérieurs immédiats d’appliquer un leadership d’habilitation tout en portant une attention particulière à la distributive des ressources ainsi qu’à l’élaboration des procédures. / The main objective of this research is to determine the mediating effect of organizational justice between the empowering leadership of immediate superiors and the psychological distress of employees. Two main objectives are pursued. The first is to identify the impact of empowering leadership on psychological distress. The second objective aims to determine the mediating role of organizational justice, more precisely distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice and informational justice, between the empowering leadership exercised towards a subordinate and psychological distress. The secondary data that allow us to make the necessary statistical analyzes were collected as part of a study carried out in the industrial metalworking sector of Quebec. A total of 741 employees were surveyed using questionnaires. Analyzes of structural equations completed our analyzes. The results indicate that empowering leadership alone does not reduce a subordinate’s levels of psychological distress. However, the hypotheses concerning the mediating role of distributive and procedural justice have confirmed. To conclude, these results show that empowering leadership combined with the perception of a high level of distributive or procedural justice has a significant impact on the reduction of the occurrence of psychological distress. Thus, it is in the interest of organizations in the metalworking sector of Quebec to influence the immediate superiors to apply empowering leadership while paying particular attention to the distribution of resources as well as to the elaboration of procedures.

For whom do we draw buildings? Why does contemporary architecture look the way it does?Why are certain aesthetics considered more valid than others? With this project, I propose Dirty Geometry: norm-bending design that could challenge conventions within the field of architecture. It is an investigation of concepts such as ugliness, beauty, architecture and the human body, interiority, femininity and ”bad taste”. The purpose is to, with the aid of parametric design processes, make Stockholm less boring and more dirty. Dirty Geometry is both the creative process sprung from one’s personal desires, and the resulting design. It aims to celebrate the weird, playful and colorful in an empowering way. This thesis project draws a lot of inspiration from camp aesthetics and drag culture, because of the way humour is used in a subversive way to question gender identities, power structures and norms.

This thesis proposes that the destitute people of South Africa, and specifically Tshwane, comprise an often neglected group of people that can and must be helped by means of missions with the destitute to experience growing degrees of SHALOM. Part of this would include a drive to re-integrate the destitute into society as functioning members of that society. This is undertaken through developing a proposed model that strives to empower destitute people in a variety of ways, using a variety of "movements" and strategies. A model such as this is necessary in the light of the seeming inability of helpers (including churches, CBO's and other non-religious organizations), to come to grips with the complex problem of destitution in our country, and in Tshwane specifically. This perceived inability is addressed by exploring the problem of destitution, in the process seeking a better understanding of a complex problem, followed by considering the responsibility of the church as missiological agent of social healing and ministry. Missiologically, SHALOM is perceived as the aim/ goal of missions with the destitute, where SHALOM refers to wellbeing, justice, relational, completeness, whole-being, peace, etc. The model is intended to serve as a viable strategy in the arsenal of churches that take the missiological call towards social healing seriously, and to provide a comprehensive, holistic approach when dealing with the destitute. It is postulated that the church, more than any other organization, should enjoy an advantage when it comes to social ministry, because of two reasons, namely (1) a strong missiological point of departure as a motivation to be involved in social ministry, where we see the church as a partner in the Missio Dei, and (2) a strong missiological aim, namely SHALOM, which transcends mere charity or welfare, but seeks to empower people holistically. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)