<p>Överkonsumtion av alkohol har blivit ett stort hälsoproblem i samhället. En ökande acceptans bland folket har lett till ett missbruk i många fall. Det återstår fortfarande mycket att diskutera angående detta hälsoproblem, inte minst bland vårdpersonalen. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskors möte med personer med ett alkoholmissbruk. Den metod som användes var litteraturöversikt enligt Fribergs beskrivning. Artiklarna som användes var både kvantitativa och kvalitativa. Resultaten visade tre områden; sjuksköterskans attityd gentemot alkohol och alkoholmissbruk, sjuksköterskans kunskap om alkoholmissbruk samt sjuksköterskans rädsla för patientens reaktioner. Alla dessa tre områden påverkar sjuksköterskors möte med personer med alkoholmissbruk.</p> / <p>Overconsumption of alcohol has become a major health issue in society. A growing acceptance among people has led to a misuse of alcohol in many cases. It still remains a lot to discuss about this health issue, not least among health workers. The subject of this literature review was to examine factors that affect nurses encounters with people who abuse alcohol. The method used was a literature review according to Friberg. The articles that were used were both quantitative and qualitative. The results showed three subjects; nurses’ attitude towards alcohol and alcohol abuse, nurses’ knowledge about alcohol abuse and nurses’ fear of patients reactions. All these three subjects affect nurses’ meetings with people who abuse alcohol.</p>

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In this essay you will witness two different cultural exchanges that the Spaniards experienced in the 16th century, on one hand with the Aztec people from Mexico, and on the other hand with multiple peoples from the Philippines. The purpose of this essay is to find out how the Spaniards responded to facing these cultures for the very first time, and also to explore what the differences between these two exchanges were, and to find out why one led to the slaughter of so many human beings, and the other one did not. To find out why this is, I have examined their letters from the 16th century.

Telephone calls have become the primary mode of communication between patients and physicians outside of the office setting. The telephone's importance primarily revolves around its potential to improve physician practices and augment the physician-patient relationship by positively affecting clinical outcomes and overall patient satisfaction. Specific interactions between the physician and patient are termed "encounters"; calls between physician and patient can only be considered "clinical telephone encounters" if they are documented with appropriate elements of a face-to-face encounter, to include history and clinical decision-making. In this thesis, we explore current literature in order to identify how clinical telephone encounters are defined, barriers to gathering data on the telephone, telephone encounter documentation methods, patient and physician perspectives of telephone encounters, telephone encounters in practice, as well as the major areas for improvement in telephone medicine. We utilized traditional systematic search methods in order to identify original research studies and systematic reviews that evaluate telephone communication's role as a medium of healthcare delivery. In reporting on the effectiveness and utilization of telephone care, we principally rely on evidence provided by randomized controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies, and guidelines published by leading authorities on telephone medicine. The results show a three-function model to frame the telephone interview, which involves determining the problem's nature, developing a therapeutic relationship with the patient, and simultaneously educating the patient while implementing the appropriate treatment plan. Several studies have outlined the importance of documenting clinical telephone encounters, including the highlighting of legal issues pertaining to the practice of medicine, the establishment of clear communication with the primary care physician, and the demonstration of any potential abuses of the system. In practice, studies observing telephone follow-up of cardiac care after either myocardial infarction or surgery demonstrated improved behaviors and patient outcomes, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, smoking cessation, improved exercise capacity, and the ability to return to normal activity in a more rapid manner. Telephone encounters may also prove to be appropriate for many acute disorders, respiratory tract infections, and common symptoms. The results also indicate that charging for telephone calls may cause patients to value calls more, changing their views on telephone encounters from favors by the physician to professional treatment. Additionally, the consequences of errors in practicing telephone management have the potential to be severe; from a medicolegal standpoint, telephone patient contacts do not differ from office visits in terms of physician-patient obligations. Finally, training physicians to be competent in telephone medicine is critical, for studies have shown that they tend to consider themselves incompetent at the task. The literature has also shown that providing patient care over the telephone has proven to be an integral part of practicing medicine and requires familiarity (and even mastery) of specific skills. Telephone care has the potential to substitute for office visits under very certain circumstances. Our review also suggests limitations in the overall literature include the consistent quoting of a survey of how many residency programs teach telephone medicine in their curriculums. For example, the number (6%) that is consistently quoted is from a survey taken in 1995. Further studies should be done to determine whether that statistic has improved or changed dramatically in the nearly 20 years that have passed since that survey. Finally, there are many questions regarding telephone medicine's future. It is very likely that the volume of telephone calls between physicians and patients will continue its current growth trends, which necessitates maximal efficacy and efficiency of calls while ensuring cost-effectiveness and reduction. Disease-management strategies, created to empower patients with the ability to self-monitor, may result in more calls regarding the management of chronic illness. Additionally, cost-reduction strategies such as replacing scheduled visits with telephone calls may become the convention.

v.2 consists of maps and plates, and has 8 reprinted articles in an end pocket / 2 v. : ill., maps, photos ; 29 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.1974) from the Dept. of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Adelaide

Published Article / Given that education is a service, the postgraduate (PG) education environment has become increasingly competitive, and whilst the service quality perceptions of undergraduates have been extensively measured, similar postgraduate-based research, especially in South Africa, has been negligible. Furthermore, although the development of an ideal instrument to measure higher education service quality has also occupied the minds of several researchers over the years, not much has been achieved in the area of postgraduate research (PG) service quality. This paper presents the results of the assessment of the PG students' perception of research service quality by surveying the 2011 cohort of graduating postgraduates of one of the top five research universities in South Africa by using a specially developed postgraduate service quality measurement instrument (PSQUAL). By adapting the SERVQUAL instrument (Parasuraman, Berry & Zeithaml 1988), the PREQ (Drennan 2008) and SREQ (Ginns, Marsh, Behnia, Cheng & Scalas 2009), a 26-item postgraduate research service quality assessment instrument known as PGSQUAL was developed, validated and administered electronically to a population of 816 Master's and doctoral graduates.

Bakgrund: Homosexuella personer omfattas, enligt Statens Folkhälsoinstitut, av ett större vårdbehov än heterosexuella. Historien visar åtskilliga hinder homosexuella utsatts för, samtidigt som en positiv utveckling påvisas. Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal har olika förhållningssätt som är influerade av individuella faktorer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur homosexuella personer upplever hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens bemötande, samt beskriva de inkluderade artiklarnas undersökningsgrupp. Metod: Föreliggande studie var en beskrivande litteraturstudie baserad på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Materialet inhämtades genom databassökningar i MEDLINE. Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade ett återkommande mönster av att homosexuella personer upplevde ett dåligt bemötande från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal, något som ansågs påverkas av bristande medkänsla, heteronormativa antaganden och att inte vara sedd för den man är. Till skillnad upplevdes ett gott bemötande vid god kommunikation, acceptans samt vänliga ord och handlingar. Samtliga studier redovisade deltagarantal och majoriteten av artiklarna presenterade inklusionskriterier samt ålder. Hälften av studierna genomfördes i Norden och 95.4 % av deltagarna var kvinnor. Slutsats: Genom beskrivningar från homosexuella personer fångades upplevelser in angående bemötanden från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Upplevelserna visade otillfredsställande och oprofessionella bemötanden, som vidare var influerade av heteronormativitet. Upplevelser visade även mottagen öppenhet och givmildhet. Genom kunskap om vilka bemötanden homosexuella erfar, kan sjuksköterskan i sin profession arbeta för att främja homosexuella personers hälsa och välbefinnande. / Background: Homosexual individuals are, according to National Institute of Public Health, in a greater need of care than heterosexuals. The historical overview of homosexuals show several difficulties they’re subjected to within healthcare, however a positive development is shown. Healthcare professionals have different encounters that are influenced by individual factors. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe how homosexual individuals experience encounters given by health care professionals, and to describe the included articles study sample. Method: The present study was a descriptive literature riview based on 12 scientific articles with a qualitative approach. The material was gathered through searches of the MEDLINE database. Main Results: The result showed a repetitive pattern that homosexual individuals experienced a poor encounter from healthcare professionals, which was considered to be affected by lack of compassion, heteronormative assumptions, and not to be seen for who they are. In contrast, good treatment was experienced when good communication, acceptance and kind words and deeds were present. All of the studies reported the number of participants and the majority of the articles presented inclusion criterias and age. Half of the studies were conducted in the Nordic countries and 95.4% of the participants were women. Conclusions: With the descriptions made by homosexual individuals, the experiences was revealed regarding the encounters from healthcare professionals. These experiences showed unsatisfactory and unprofessional encounters, further influenced by heteronormative assumptions. These experiences also showed openness and generosity which had been received. Through knowledge of the encounters that homosexual individuals experiences, nurses can in their professional work towards the improvement of homosexual peoples’s health and wellbeing.

I hospitalitybranschen arbetas det intensivt med att erbjuda sina gäster så bra upplevelser som möjligt. Nya teknologiska lösningar som påverkar gästers interaktion med branschen utvecklas ständigt, samtidigt som människors levnadsvanor blir allt mer integrerade med det teknologiska. Flera undersökningar visar att just teknologi inkorporerad i hospitalitybranschen är en bidragande faktor för en förhöjd gästupplevelse, men trots det är det få inom branschen som väljer att anamma den. Tron om att den typen av investeringar är allt för kostsamma, okunskap om att teknologin finns och en allt för konservativ syn är tänkbara förklaringar till att stora delar av branschen halkar efter. I uppsatsen redogörs för några i världen pågående trender och en litteraturstudie genomförs för att undersöka hur teknologi kan användas för att förhöja gästupplevelsen inom hospitalitybranschen med hänsyn till dessa trender. Uppsatsen diskuterar hur branschen är på väg att förändras och föreslår ett par exempel för hur ditt varumärke kan hänga med i utvecklingen redan idag. / B-uppsatser

Bakgrund: Bemötande är en viktig del av vården och något som sker i varje möte mellan patient och sjuksköterska. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad som kännetecknar det bra bemötandet respektive det sämre bemötandet av sjuksköterskan på en somatisk vårdavdelning inom Europa, ur patientens perspektiv. Metod: Litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design, baserad på tio kvalitativa originalartiklar. Resultat: Resultatet visade att patienter generellt sett var nöjda med bemötandet de fick från sjuksköterskor. Tio kategorier skapades som beskrev det bra respektive det sämre bemötandet. Kategorierna som framkom var; (1) information och kunskap, (2) kommunikation, (3) tekniska aspekter och skicklighet, (4) organisatoriska aspekter, (5) delaktighet, (6) behandlas med respekt, värdighet och trygghet, (7) individanpassad och personcentrerad vård, (8) positiv, glad och uppmuntrar nära relationer, (9) förutse behovet och (10) vårdande attityd. Patienterna värderade sjuksköterskans kommunikation, information, tekniska skicklighet, kompetens, positiva och vårdande attityd, att bli behandlad som individ, att känna sig sedd och få vara delaktig. Patienterna upplevde att sämre bemötande var där sjuksköterskorna var oempatiska, inte visade medkänsla eller respekt, gav otillräcklig information och inte bjöd in patienterna till delaktighet. En orsak till sämre bemötande var olika organisatoriska brister t.ex. brist på personal, vilket ledde till att sjuksköterskorna var upptagna och hade mindre tid för patienterna. Slutsats: Bemötandet är av stor vikt och påverkar patienter dagligen. Ökad kunskap om bemötande lyfter områden där det finns förbättringspotential. / Background: Encounter is an important aspect of care and something that occurs in every meeting between patient and nurse. Aim: The aim with this study was to investigate what characterizes the good encounter versus the less good encounter of the nurse on a somatic ward within Europe, through the patient's perspective. Method: Literature study with descriptive design, based on ten qualitative original articles. Findings: The results showed that patients were in general satisfied with the encounter received from the nurses. Ten categories were created to describe the good and the less good encounter. The categories that emerged were; (1) information and knowledge, (2) communication, (3) technical aspects and skillfulness, (4) organizational aspects, (5) participation, (6) to be treated with respect, dignity and security, (7) personalized and person- centered care, (8) positive, happy and encourage close relationships, (9) to anticipate the need and (10) caring attitude. Patients valued the nurses communication, information, technical skillfulness, competence, positive and caring attitude, to be treated as an individual, feel noticed and be involved. The patients experienced that less good encounter was were the nurses were non empathic, did not show compassion or respect, gave insufficient information and did not invite patients to participate. One cause for the less good encounter was different organizational deficiencies such as lack of staff, which led to the nurses being busy and therefore having less time for the patients. Conclusion: The encounter is of great importance and affects patients daily. Increased knowledge of the encounter highlights areas which offers room for improvement.

In my studio practice I attempt to create sensual experiences from which nothing is learned and lack resolution; this thesis is an attempt to find ways to outline these experiences. However, this attempt will eventually lead to something entirely different, for these experiences are undefinable and impossible to investigate. I will try to show how the components of the work, rather than forming a direct link to a chain of thoughts or associations, summon an experience that is derived only from the encounter itself.