Bakgrund: Mötet mellan sjuksköterska och patient har beskrivits som grundläggande isjuksköterskearbetet och är mer välstuderat i andra sjukvårdsmiljöer än hemsjukvården,som är basen för Sveriges sjukvård och engagerar ett stort antal behövande som vårdasav många anställda. Hemmet får allt större betydelse som vårdplats och antalet platserpå sjukhusen blir färre.Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskan i hemsjukvårdens upplevelse av mötet medpatienten och dennes närstående i deras eget hem (ordinärt boende).Metod: Studien gjordes som en allmän litteraturstudie där vetenskapliga artiklarsystematiskt söktes i olika databaser för att sedan analyseras. Sökningarna resulterade i11 artiklar.Resultatet: Presenteras i tre kategorier som beskriver sjuksköterskans upplevelser:Relationens betydelse i mötet med patient och närstående, förtroende, tillit och respekt imötet samt maktlöshet, frustration och en känsla att inte räcka till.Diskussion: Med kännedom om hur betydelsefull relationen till patienten upplevskänns det angeläget att som sjuksköterska i hemsjukvården arbeta personcentrerat ochatt hela tiden lyssna in patient och närstående och försöka anpassa sig till situationen.7Slutsats: Relationen mellan patient, närstående och sjuksköterska har stor betydelse föroch påverkar alla inblandade parter. Kunskap som är av betydelse för att möta de kravoch förväntningar hemsjukvården kommer ställas inför när allt fler och allt sjukarepersoner kommer behöva hjälp med allt mer avancerade insatser. / Background. The encounter between the nurse and the patient has been described asfundamental in nursing work and are more well-studied in other health care settingsthan home care, wich is the base for the Swedish health care and involves a largenumber of needy cared for by many people. The home is of increasing importance as aplace for care and the number of places in hospitals are becoming fewer.The aim was to describe the experiences nurses in home care have of the encounterwith the patient and his or her relatives in their own home (ordinary housing).Method: the study was conducted as a literature review and articles were searched forsystematically in different databases and then analyzed. The searches resulted in 11articles.The result is presented in three categories that describe nurses´experiences: Thesignificance of the relation in the encounter with patient and relatives, confidence, trustand respect in the encounter and powerlessness, frustration and a feeling of not beeingable to do enough.Discussion: With knowledge of how important the relation to the patient is percieved,it´s of importance to work person-centered and listen to the patient and the relatives andtry to adjust to the situation.Conclusion: The relationship between patient, relatives and nurse is of greatimportance to, and impact on all parties involved. Knowledge that is relevant toconfront the demands and expectations that home care will face when more andincreasingly ill people will need help with more advanced efforts.

Bakgrund: Den ökade invandringen till Sverige har gjort att landet idag är ett mångkulturellt samhälle. Sjuksköterskan möter ofta patienter från andra kulturer. Dessa möten kan många gånger beskrivas i form av negativa vårderfarenheter för patienten. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskans möte med patienter från andra kulturer. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes med nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra kategorier som belyser mötet ur sjuksköterskans perspektiv. Dessa fyra kategorier var: sjuksköterskans interaktion, gränser att respektera, familjens medverkan och språkbarriärer. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskans möte med patienter från andra kulturer upplevdes som en utmaning på grund av bland annat outtalade förväntningar på mötet. Det framkom också kulturella och hälsomässiga övertygelser som skiljer mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten. För att öka förståelsen och minska spänningar i mötet bör patientens delaktighet öka. För att uppnå detta krävs bland annat möjlighet till kommunikation av god kvalitet och att patientens livsvärld synliggörs. / Background The increased immigration to Sweden has turned the country into a multicultural society. Nurses frequently encounter patients with other cultural backgrounds. These meetings can often be described as negative care experiences for the patient. Aim: The aim was to highlight nurses meeting with patients with other cultural backgrounds. Method: A literature review with qualitative approach was carried out with nine scientific articles. Result: The result revealed four categories that highlight the meeting from the nurse´s perspective. These four categories were: the nurse´s interaction, borders to respect, the family´s participation and language barriers. Conclusion: The nurses meeting with patients from other cultures were experienced as a challenge due to unspoken expectations. It also emerged cultural and health beliefs that differ between the nurse and the patient. In order to increase the understanding and reduce tension during the meeting the patient´s involvement in the meeting needs to increase. In order to achieve this, it´s important to have the possibility to create communication with good quality and to visualize the patient´s life world.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D. Miss.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1999. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 308-315).

Thesis (D. Miss.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1999. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 308-315).

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan är beroende av både sina personliga och professionella egenskaper vilket är en förutsättning för det goda bemötandet. Hur bemötandet utformas har stor betydelse för hur patienten kommer att uppleva den givna vården. Bemötandet innefattar både kommunikation och interaktion mellan människor. Klagomål ifrån patienter angående bristande bemötande i vården ökar enligt Patientnämndens årsrapport från 2014. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters negativa upplevelser av bemötandet i vården. Metod: En litteraturöversikt har genomförts. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar söktes fram via databaser som vidare analyserades och sammanställdes i kategorier och underkategorier. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i fyra kategorier, bristande professionalitet, obekräftade patienter, otillräcklig information och kommunikation samt yttre faktorer som bidrar till negativa upplevelser av bemötandet. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskan hade en attityd och ett beteende som påverkade bemötandet negativt. Patienter beskrev att de varken blev sedda eller lyssnade på. Detta gav dem en känsla av att bli obekräftade och kom att påverka upplevelsen av bemötandet. Patienter upplevde sig misstrodda, sjuksköterskor kommunicerade inte utifrån patienters kunskapsbas och förståelse, vilket lämnade patienter med en känsla av att de blivit illa bemötta. Rutiner, kontinuitet och samordning visade sig även vara en faktor som kom att påverka patientens upplevelse av bemötandet.  Diskussion: Bemötandet är kontextbundet och av relationell karaktär vilket gör det komplext. Resultatet diskuterades utifrån Jean Watsons teori för mänsklig omsorg samt konsensusbegreppet människa. / Background: The nurse is dependent on both their personal and professional qualities, which are a prerequisite for making a good encounter. Encounters outcomes have a big impact and are of great significance on how the patient will experience the received care. Encounters include communication and interaction between humans. Complaints from patients regarding negative encounters in health-care are increasing according to the Patients’ Advisory Committee 2014. Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight patient’s negative experiences of encounters within healthcare system. Method: A literature review has been conducted. Ten peer-reviewed articles were searched through databases and then further analysed and complied into categories and subcategories.  Results: The results are presented in four categories, lack of professionalism, unconfirmed patients, insufficient information and communication and external factors that contribute to negative experiences of the encounter. The result showed that the nurses had an attitude and a behaviour that affected the encounter in a negative manner. Patients described themselves as not to being seen or listened to, which gave them a sense of being unconfirmed. Nurses were not communicating on a level where the patient felt they understood the content of information being presented, which affected the experience of the encounter. Routines, continuity and coordination were also shown to be a factor that influenced the patient’s experience of the encounter. Discussion: Encounters are bound to its context and are of a relational character, which makes it complex and this were discussed from Jean Watsons theory for human caring and by the consensus concept human.

This thesis explores English representations of America and Americans from the 'discovery' in 1492 to the establishment of the Jamestown colony in 1607. In examining this earlier period of English engagement with the New World, this thesis aims to illustrate the many ways that sixteenth-century understandings of America impacted the development of English colonial discourse, from shaping where colonies should be located, to influencing how native populations should be incorporated into colonising schemes. In particular, this thesis establishes two fundamental sixteenth-century approaches to the construction of English colonial ideology: the use of continental European portrayals of America that were manipulated and adapted to meet the discursive demands of early English projects in the New World and the selective appropriation of frameworks of knowledge, both old and new, that were employed in an attempt to explain the new lands across the Atlantic. The following chapters analyse the various processes by which an English colonial discourse, focused on America, came into being. This thesis assesses how English colonisers and explorers constructed the theory of empire using Old World frameworks of understanding, examines how explorative failures and an oscillating English religious, economic, and cultural landscape affected early English colonial discourse, and explores how the practicalities of English trade and settlement in the New World manifested themselves in descriptions of native appearance and behaviour and in accounts of the American environment. By employing a methodology of 'thick' contextualisation and close reading, and by interpreting travel narratives and colonial texts as sites where rhetoric, inter-textual influences, and cultural priorities converge, this thesis enhances historical understandings of the development of English colonial ideology. The formation of early English colonial discourse took place within an international framework of European rivalry and shared cultural heritage and a domestic context of fluctuating economic, political, and religious circumstances. This discourse, which was first articulated in the sixteenth century, was therefore the product of a complex process of assimilation, manipulation, colonial competition, and cultural appropriation.

This thesis examines a previously unstudied site of interaction: the constituency office. At the constituency office, Members of Parliament (MPs) hold MP surgeries , during which they help constituents to solve their personal difficulties. This thesis provides the first analysis of interactions at the constituency office. It is the only place where ordinary citizens can meet their MP; as such, it also provides the first analysis of face-to-face, unmediated interactions between politicians and their constituents. For this study, 12.5 hours of interactional data were recorded at the office of an MP in the United Kingdom, comprising over 80 encounters between office staff, the MP, and their constituents. The MP was of the majority ( government ) party at the time of recording. The data were analyzed using conversation analysis (CA), in order to investigate how the social activities of the constituency office were accomplished through interaction. The first analytic chapter reveals the overall structure of constituency office encounters, as well as examining what constituents say when they call or visit the office, and how they express that they are in need of assistance. This chapter finds that constituents avoid making direct requests of their MP, and instead use narrative descriptions. These descriptions manage interactional challenges including the unknown nature of the institution (Stokoe, 2013b), contingency and entitlement (Drew & Curl, 2008), reasonableness and legitimacy (Edwards & Stokoe, 2007; Heritage & Robinson, 2006), and recruitment (Kendrick & Drew, 2016). The second analytic chapter examines the action of offering, and finds it to be the central mechanism for transacting service. The staff use different offer designs to index different nuances in the offering action, such as asking permission or confirming an activity. Both the first and second analytic chapters show that systematic deployment of offers help control the direction of the encounters and tacitly instruct constituents as to what services are available. Furthermore, both of these chapters show the flexibility participants employed in turn design and action ascription, which extends previous descriptions of how requests and offers are constructed (Couper-Kuhlen, 2014; Curl, 2006) and supports recent calls for a more nuanced approach to action description from conversation analysts (Kendrick & Drew, 2014; Sidnell & Enfield, 2014). The third analytic chapter investigates the ostensibly political context of the constituency office, and how the MP and constituents raise political topics in conversation. The chapter finds that the term political is challenging to define in live interactions, and relies on the concept of politicizing (Hay, 2007) statements that upgrade (or downgrade) a topic into greater (or lesser) public and governmental concern. Both the MP and constituents were found to initiate political topics, but in different ways. The MP initiated political topics in explicit references to government, in order to provide evidence that the government was aligned with constituents interests. The constituents initiated political topics in vague and indirect references to recent policy changes, and avoided implicating the MP in any criticisms. The findings suggest that constituents privilege interactional norms (such as not criticizing a co-present interlocutor) over any potential interest in making political critiques. The chapter also discusses what impact these findings may have on concepts such as power and evasion . The final analytic chapter assesses the concept of rapport , finding that it is difficult for both participants and analysts to determine long-term outcomes from local, interactional occurrences in interaction. Rapport is important for MPs who may be attempting to build a personal vote relationship with constituents, but this chapter also finds that constituents have a stake in building rapport in order to receive the best (or any) service. The chapter finds that while traditional practices for building rapport , such as doing small talk or finding common ground, are problematic to employ and assess from an interactional perspective, other local outcomes such as progressivity (Fogarty, Augoustinos & Kettler, 2013) and affiliation (Clark, Drew & Pinch, 2003) may be more useful indicators of positive interactions. This chapter concludes that we need a more nuanced, and interactionally-based, framework to train practitioners (and clients) in effective communication practices. This thesis challenges the conversation analytic literature by finding that the constituency office setting revolves around a more flexible ascription of requests than many studies have previously accepted, and that we can analyze actions as if on a spectrum, rather than in bounded categories. The thesis also contributes to the political discourse literature by finding that constituents activities at the constituency office are strongly influenced by interactional norms, rather than political attitudes. Finally, this thesis provides a basis from which to study the constituency office, as a site of service interaction.

Submitted by GUSTAVO HENRIQUE DE FARIA FERNANDES null (gustavohfaria@gmail.com ) on 2016-09-28T04:55:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 experiencias_do_corpo_em_comum .pdf: 2896500 bytes, checksum: 59fb4876d5b9c3ed14820338c92453b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-30T13:36:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_ghf_me_ia.pdf: 2896500 bytes, checksum: 59fb4876d5b9c3ed14820338c92453b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T13:36:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_ghf_me_ia.pdf: 2896500 bytes, checksum: 59fb4876d5b9c3ed14820338c92453b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho reflete sobre estados de presença e encontro numa escola estadual do interior de São Paulo tendo a arte como afeto. Para tanto, a proposta, a partir de pesquisa narrativa, foi analisar a escola como espaço de muitos e diversos, refletindo formas de pensar o que é comum nesse lugar, com envolvimentos e escutas que favorecessem caminhos para tais encontros. Com apoio da linguagem cênica e diálogo base em Paulo Freire, Jorge Larrosa e Jacques Rancière foram realizados encontros com os participantes e analisado de forma qualitativa se esses momentos e movimentos geram potência de mudança no espaço escolar, evidenciando a criação não apenas com mérito ou responsabilidade do professor ou da aula de arte. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa sugere pistas de como encontros e conversas mobilizam o espaço da escola na busca por um ambiente que esteja atento às suas demandas e fortalecido para desenvolver potencialidades em suas ações educativas. / The present study proposes a reflection on the presence status and the meeting in a public school at the countryside of São Paulo, considering art as affection. For that, we suggest an analysis of the school through the narrative research, as being the space for many and diverse, reflecting on ways of thinking what is common in this space with involvements who will favor the pathways for the meetings. With the support of the performing arts and in dialogue with the work of Paulo Freire, Jorge Larossa and Jaques Rancière, meetings have been organized with participants and an qualitatively analysis has been made to evaluate if these moments and movements were able to generate power of change in the school environment. Evidencing the creation not only as a responsibility of the teacher or of the art's class and suggesting a few clues on how the meetings and conversations mobilize the school's space on the search for an environment that is attentive for its demands and empowered to develop potentialities in educative actions.