Visur egzistuoja tikslingumas, architektūroje gi jis pasireiškia funkcionalumu, todėl šiame baigiamajame magistro darbe pasirinkta dominante architektūros funkcija dėl funkcijos svarbos bet kokioje žmogiškoje veikloje. Temos aktualumas sąlygotas nagrinėjamų faktorių svarbos architektūros raidoje, ir sąlygojančių bei iš čia išsiliejančių į optimalius, racionalius ir ekonomiškus sprendimus, kurie niekad negali būti per geri, po eko-architektūros ieškant naujų architektūros formų. Tema bus aktuali iki žmogaus egzistavimo pabaigos arba kol žmonės ras alternatyvą architektūrai kokia nors analogija vaikiškam konstruktoriui , kur kiekvienas bus savo egzistavimo erdvės (-ių) kūrėjas, kai erdvę bus galima naujai performuoti tuoj pat po to, kai bus pamatyta, kad ta erdvė (jau) nefunkcionali. Darbe vertinama, polemizuojama, interpretuojama ir analizuojama visa su tema susijusi informacija. Pagrindinis tyrimo metodas, padėsiantis atskleisti tėzes- pasaulinės architektūros teorijos ir praktikos raidos analizė, visos prieinamos medžiagos pagrindu: knygos, internetas, asmeninė patirtis. Apžvelgus visus nagrinėjamus aspektus, darančius įtaką architektūros funkcijai ir jos ryšiams su planiniais ir konstrukciniais sprendiniais, pateikiamos galutinės išvados. Darbą sudaro 8 dalys: įvadas; Nuo motyvacijos iki funkcijos; Architektūra; Architektūrinė inžinerija; Architektūros funkcija; Architektūros funkcijos, planinių ir konstruktyvinių sprendinių raida; Modernizmas; Vėlyviausios tendencijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / We can see purposeness around, which appeares as functionality in architecture. Architectural function is dominant issue in this master‘s thesis, because of the importance of function in any area of human activity. Importance of subject is due to importance of researched aspects in the history of architecture, and here from guaranteeing optimal, rational and economic solutions, which never can be too good, on the way to sustainable architecture and onward to perfection. Issue will be important till the end of time, or till human beings will find some architectural alternative alike to child‘s toy building site, where space can be remade as soon, as it is seen unfunctional. I evaluate, argue, interpret and analyze all the information, that is in the area of research. Main research method helping to establish values- an analysis of all texts in the books, Internet and the personal experience. After the analysis of all the aspects making influence on the architectural function and it‘s planar and structures solutions, conclusions and suggestions are reported. Structure: Introduction; From motivation to function; Architecture; Architectural engineering; Architectural function; Genesis of architectural function and its connection with planar and structuresl solutions; Modernism; The lattest tendencies; Conclusions and suggestions, References.

Baigiamojo magistro darbo tikslas – sukurti racionalų dangoraižio modelį statybos technologijos aspektu. Baigiamojo magistro darbo uždaviniai – apžvelgti dangoraižių evoliucionavimą ir apibrėžti dangoraižių aukštį, išskirti ir išnagrinėti dangoraižių statybos technologijos ypatumus remiantis naujausia su dangoraižiais susijusia užsienio šalių literatūra, kuriant racionalų dangoraižio modelį statybos technologijos aspektu remtis Lietuvoje galiojančia teisine sistema. Baigiamojo magistro darbo metodinė dalis yra parašyta remiantis užsienio šalių patirtimi, o mokslinėje dalyje sukurtas modelis – remiantis Lietuvoje galiojančia teisine sistema, tačiau bendrais bruožais šis modelis yra tinkamas naudoti ir užsienyje. Sukurtame modelyje didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas dangoraižio projektavimo etape iškylančių problemų sprendimui susijusių su dangoraižiais kaip atskira pastatų rūšimi. Sukurtu modeliu galima vadovautis įgyvendinant dangoraižių statybos projektus nuo idėjos gimimo iki dangoraižio nugriovimo. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, dangoraižių evoliucionavimas ir jų aukščio apibrėžimas, dangoraižių statybos technologijos ypatumai, racionalaus dangoraižio modelio kūrimas, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 73 p. teksto be priedų, 42 paveikslai, 3 lentelės, 63 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / This master thesis focuses on creating the most rational skyscraper model in technological aspect. This is done through the completion of several key tasks. Firstly, the study evaluates the development of the skyscrapers, defines their height. Then the work assesses the key technological features of the skyscraper construction. The assessment is based on contemporary foreign literature and meets the legal requirements of the Republic of Lithuania. The academic part of the thesis presents a model which fulfils the legal requirements of the Republic of Lithuania. However, this model is also valid in foreign countries as it is based on the contemporary foreign literature. The core objective of this model is to find solutions for the key issues that arise during the skyscraper design stage. Therefore, this model can play a significant part in all stages of the skyscraper construction from the creation of the initial idea of the skyscraper to its demolition. The thesis consists of 6 parts: introduction, the development of the skyscrapers, the key features of the skyscraper construction, the creation of the rational skyscraper model, conclusions and suggestions, references. The thesis consists of: 73 p. text without appendixes, 42 pictures, 3 tables, 63 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.

Analizuojama asfalto dangos konstrukcijos elgsena Lietuvos klimato sąlygomis, įvertinant temperatūros ir drėgnio, kaip vienų iš svarbiausių klimato veiksnių, įtaką kelio asfalto dangos konstrukcijos stipriui. Pateikta krintančio svorio deflektometro matavimo metodikų apžvalga kitose šalyse. Atlikta temperatūros ir drėgnio kiekvienos dienos pokyčių analizė, įvertinant jų įtaką dangos konstrukcijai. Nustatyta kelio dangos stiprio ir Eo modulio priklausomybė nuo dangos temperatūros, matuojant kelio dangos įlinkius krintančio svorio deflektometru. Kai asfalto dangos stipris matuojamas skirtingu metų laiku ar įvairiu paros metu, tai Eo modulio reikšmės turi būti redukuojamos priimtai standartinei temperatūrai. Eksperimentiniame asfalto dangų konstrukcijų ruože atliktu tyrimu patikslintas temperatūrinis redukcijos koeficientas, kuris leidžia krintančio svorio deflektometru nustatytas asfalto dangos sluoksnių Eo modulio vertes redukuoti standartinei +20 °C temperatūrai. / This final master thesis performs asphalt pavement structural behavior of the Lithuanian climate conditions, taking into account the temperature and moisture, as one of the most important climatic factors that influence the road asphalt pavement structural strength. The Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) measurement methods used in other countries are presented. The temperature and moisture changes in the day are analysed, evaluating their impact on pavement design. The strength of asphalt pavement layers, as well as Eo modulus values, measured using the falling weight deflectometer, strongly depend on the pavement temperature. When we use deflectometer for measuring asphalt pavement strength at different environmental conditions and in different season, the values of Eo modulus should be reduced to the assumed standard temperature. So during this research at the experimental asphalt pavement structure the temperature correction factor was revised. The use of this factor enables to adjust the Eo modulus values of asphalt pavement layers measured by the Falling Weight Deflectometer to the standard temperature of +20 °C.

The main aim of this thesis paper is to determine the influence of physical and mechanical indices of asphalt concrete pavement on the operational properties of Lithuanian highway pavement as well as on the functional lifetime of road pavement. The analysis of pavement condition of Lithuanian highways is presented. The classification regarding the damage and deformation of material used for the construction of asphalt concrete pavement and of road pavement structure is provided. The causes of the afore-mentioned damages and deformations are also explained and rectification methods which can be applied to eliminate these causes are described. The operational conditions of the road pavement and its structure as well as the applicable methods are theoretically justified. In addition, the physical and mechanical indices of asphalt concrete pavement of the highway Vilnius – Kaunas - Klaipėda (A1) and of pavement roughness in accordance with IRI research data are given. The analysis of the data allowed the correlation between the two items to be determined. The research material was processed by means of the statistical software package “Statgraphics 5.1 Plius”. Standardized physical and mechanical indices of asphalt concrete pavement which affect the functional lifetime of pavement structure are presented. The conclusions and recommendations are provided.

Purpose of the thesis – evaluate flows capacity of T. Narbuto st. – Laisvės ave. junction Identify existing problems and critical streams in the junction. Propose reasoned solutions for the existing problems, using Lithuanian and foreign countries methods, examples and experience. During preparation of Master thesis were calculated: flows of the vehicles, existing signalising cycles, traffic delays and statistical research. After analysis and research the proposals for new cycles were made for the T. Narbuto st. – Laisvės ave. and for the Justiniškių st. – Laisvės ave. Durations of new cycles were calculated, stage and phrase diagrams were calculated. Changes to existing organisation of traffic movements in the junctions were proposed. During peak hours linking proposals were made and calculated. Master thesis consists of explanatory text and following drawings: Existing and calculated signalising cycles for the Justiniškių st. – Laisvės ave. junction. Existing and calculated signalising cycles for theT. Narbuto st. – Laisvės ave. junction. Calculated signalising cycles for theT. Narbuto st.. – Laisvės ave. junction Traffic flows during morning peak hour. Traffic flows durin non peak hour. Traffic flows during evening peak hour. Changes to existing traffic organisation in the junctions.

Application of refined ultimate state theories and use of high strength materials have resulted in longer spans and smaller depths of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Consequently, the condition of the limiting deflection rather than the strength requirement often is the governing design criterion. Long-term deflections might be up to 3 to 4 times larger than the short-term deflections. Such increments are caused by complex physical effects such as concrete creep, shrinkage and cracking, bond defects, etc. Long-term concrete creep and shrinkage deformations govern prestress losses. Structural analysis can be carried out either by traditional design code methods or numerical techniques. Although design code methods ensure safe design, they have significant limitations. Different techniques are used for strength, deflection, crack width and prestress loss analyses. Besides, most of the simplified approaches do not assess such factors as concrete shrinkage, cracking or tension stiffening. Based on a large number of empirical expressions and factors, they lack physical interpretation and do not reveal the actual stress-strain state of cracked structures. On the other hand, numerical techniques are universal and can take into account each physical effect. However, inadequacies made in the prediction of each effect might lead to significant inaccuracies when integral magnitudes such as deflection are to be assessed. Consequently, the predictions by the numerical... [to full text]

The aim of the disertation is to improve the efficiency of the of the refurbishment process of the public buildings by using methods of multiple criteria analysis, the developed model for integrated analysis of the negotiations process for refurbishment of buildings and the Multiple Criteria Decision Support System for Refurbishment of Public Buildings developed on the basis of these models.

The aim of the dissertation is to improve the efficiency of the refurbishment process of public buildings by using methods of multiple criteria analysis, the developed model for integrated analysis of the lifecycle of a public building, the model for integrated analysis of the negotiations process for refurbishment of buildings and the Multiple Criteria Decision Support System for Refurbishment of Public Buildings developed on then basis of these models.

Object of the research. The research object includes a CCA and a model of a web-based decision support system developed by integrating basic knowledge in the sphere of construction management, civil law, mathematical methods and advanced computer technologies; the model system enables effective implementation of aims of various parties of a CCA. Aim and tasks of the work. The main aim of the dissertation is to develop a theoretical model of a web-based decision support system for legal regulation of CCAs, taking in to consideration principles of construction management, improvement of effectiveness of legal regulation of CCAs, employing computer technologies, theoretical assumptions related to development of e-business systems, and etc. In order to make an effective theoretical model of a web-based decision support system for legal regulation of CCAs, the following tasks are stated: • To analyse importance of e-business in improvement of effectiveness of preparation of CCAs. • To make a feasibility study of the potential of e-business principles, of factors determining effectiveness and of decision support measures in preparation of CCAs. • To analyse principles of operating decision support systems intended for construction, law and agreement preparation. • To prepare several models for evaluation of CCAs and to select the best. • To analyse the potential of application of currently used multiple criteria analysis methods in a web-based decision support system for legal... [to full text]

Pastaraisiais metais Lietuvoje ženkliai padidėjęs sunkiasvorio transporto eismas sąlygoja ankstyvą daugumos šalies kelių dangų suirtį, nes jau nepakanka esamo jos stiprio. Įvairios asfaltbetonio dangos pažaidos rodo, kad ardoma ne tik danga, bet ir jos konstrukcija – tai didina išlaidas kelių remontui bei priežiūrai, mažėja eismo saugumas bei komfortiškumas. Iki šiol Lietuvoje dar nėra metodikos, kurią taikant būtų galima pakankamai tiksliai įvertinti sunkiasvorio transporto poveikį kelių dangai. Šiame darbe ištirta sunkiasvorio transporto eismo ardomojo poveikio, įvertinant Lietuvos klimato sąlygas, įtaka kelių dangos asfaltbetonio sluoksnių stipriui ir funkcionavimo trukmei. Pateikta metodika sunkiasvorio transporto eismo ir apkrovų ardančio poveikio Lietuvos kelių dangai, priklausomai nuo eismo sezoniškumo, jos stiprio, asfaltbetonio sluoksnių likutinio stiprio bei kelių dangos įtempto-deformuoto būvio kitėjimo, įvertinti. Pasiūlytas kelių dangos asfaltbetonio sluoksnių likutinio stiprio ir funkcionavimo trukmės likutinio resurso modelis. Modelis įvertina apkrovos parametrus bei jos poveikio intensyvumą, automobilių srauto sudėtį, kelių dangos sluoksnių medžiagų bei jai stiprinti naudojamų medžiagų projektines savybes, kelių dangos sluoksnio medžiagos stiprio kitėjimą, atsižvelgiant į jos suirties mastą, kelių dangos darbą, esant įvairioms vietovės klimato sąlygoms, skirtingiems žemės sankasos gruntams ir vietovės hidroterminiams rėžimams, remonto darbų kainą bei ekonominį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The marked increase of heavy weight vehicle traffic in Lithuania in recent years is the reason for early deterioration of majority road pavements of the country due to inadequate strength of road pavements. Various kinds of damages in asphalt concrete pavements indicate that damage is made not only to a pavement but to its construction as well, which increases costs for road repair and maintenance and reduces road safety and comfort. There is no methodology in Lithuania that would allow to evaluate the impact of heavy weight vehicles on a road pavement with adequate preciseness. This study analyses the impact of damaging effect of heavy weight vehicle traffic on the strength and duration of service life of asphalt concrete layers in a road pavement taking account of climate conditions of Lithuania. A methodology to evaluate the damaging effect of heavy weight vehicle traffic and loads on road pavements in Lithuania depending on seasonal peculiarities of traffic, its strength, remaining strength resource of asphalt concrete layers and changes in stressed or deformed state of a road pavement is presented. A model of remaining strength of asphalt concrete layers in a road pavement and remaining resource of service life was proposed. The model evaluates load parameters and intensity of its impact, composition of vehicle flow, design characteristics of materials in layers of a road pavement and materials used when strengthening it, changes in the strength of layer material in a... [to full text]