The work peruses a study and analysis of integrated management system in the two basic chapters. The first chapter introduction informs the reader about definitions that describe the IMS term the best. An adumbration of developments in approach to quality, environment and the labour safety and protection follows. One part of the work pays attention to developments in numbers of certifications in the Czech Republic and world-wide to show popularity of the IMS as a certificate able instrument. The theoretic part consists of a listing of brief properties of actual standardisation documents valid in the Czech Republic. The most important documents in each area builds so-called criteria standards thus standards defining requests to introduce and maintain the systems properly. Wide part of the work is dedicated to interpretation of such criteria standards. The first part conclusion deals in a method that is a base and resource for the part two. The second part contains characteristics of two analysed companies, description of individual areas using defined criteria and collected information evaluation. The work has been set up on a base of studying lot of information and documents both in electronic and hard copy versions. All of them have been collected from public sources and from said companies in a direct personal cooperation and communication.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-10-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_sc_dr_rcla.pdf: 2405669 bytes, checksum: 897a3105af6cbf5b4d6aea9fbec23c55 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A decisão por se estudar o processo de desenvolvimento regional tomando como base uma Bacia Hidrográfica decorre do fato de a mesma ser considerada, por vários autores, como a principal unidade de análise e gerenciamento, tanto no âmbito ambiental como econômico e social. Desta forma, por meio do estudo em uma Bacia Hidrográfica, com vistas à gestão, pode-se distinguir vários objetivos, tais como o desenvolvimento econômico, a eqüidade social, econômica e ambiental, e a sustentabilidade ambiental. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal é analisar os fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento, com a finalidade de definir diretrizes sócio-econômicas e ambientais visando o Planejamento e a Gestão Ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Corumbataí. O planejamento pode ser considerado como o processo de decisão que objetiva causar uma combinação ótima de atividades em uma área específica e pelo qual a utilização dos instrumentos de política seja coordenada, considerados os objetivos do sistema e as limitações impostas pelos recursos disponíveis. A análise dessa Bacia Hidrográfica conferiu a necessidade e a urgência da implantação de um plano de gestão ambiental composto por ações preventivas, de articulação institucional e de incentivo às atividades econômicas ecologicamente sustentáveis, compatíveis com as potencialidades. / The decision for if studying the process of regional development taking as base a Whatershed Basin elapses of the fact of the same one to be considered, for some authors, as the main unit of analysis and management, as much in the ambient scope as economic and social. Of this form, by means of the study in a Whatershed Basin with sights to the management it can be distinguished some objectives, such as the economic development, the social, economic fairness and ambient e, the ambient sustainable. Being thus, the main objective is to analyze the factors of the development with the purpose to define partner-economic and ambient lines of direction aiming at the Planning and the Ambient Management of the Corumbatai River Whatershed. The planning can be considered as the decision process that objective to cause an excellent combination of activities in a specific area and for which the use of the politics instruments is coordinate, considered the objectives of the system and the limitations imposed for the available resources. The analysis of this Whatershed Basin conferred the necessity and the urgency of the implantation of a composed plan of ambient management of injunctions, institucional joint and incentive to the sustainable, ecological compatible economic activities with the potentialities.

Orientador: Gilberto José Garcia / Banca: Mariselma Ferreira Zaine / Banca: Arquimedes Perez Filho / Banca: Solange T. de Lima Guimarães / Banca: Carlos Roberto Espíndola / Resumo: A decisão por se estudar o processo de desenvolvimento regional tomando como base uma Bacia Hidrográfica decorre do fato de a mesma ser considerada, por vários autores, como a principal unidade de análise e gerenciamento, tanto no âmbito ambiental como econômico e social. Desta forma, por meio do estudo em uma Bacia Hidrográfica, com vistas à gestão, pode-se distinguir vários objetivos, tais como o desenvolvimento econômico, a eqüidade social, econômica e ambiental, e a sustentabilidade ambiental. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal é analisar os fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento, com a finalidade de definir diretrizes sócio-econômicas e ambientais visando o Planejamento e a Gestão Ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Corumbataí. O planejamento pode ser considerado como o processo de decisão que objetiva causar uma combinação ótima de atividades em uma área específica e pelo qual a utilização dos instrumentos de política seja coordenada, considerados os objetivos do sistema e as limitações impostas pelos recursos disponíveis. A análise dessa Bacia Hidrográfica conferiu a necessidade e a urgência da implantação de um plano de gestão ambiental composto por ações preventivas, de articulação institucional e de incentivo às atividades econômicas ecologicamente sustentáveis, compatíveis com as potencialidades. / Abstract: The decision for if studying the process of regional development taking as base a Whatershed Basin elapses of the fact of the same one to be considered, for some authors, as the main unit of analysis and management, as much in the ambient scope as economic and social. Of this form, by means of the study in a Whatershed Basin with sights to the management it can be distinguished some objectives, such as the economic development, the social, economic fairness and ambient e, the ambient sustainable. Being thus, the main objective is to analyze the factors of the development with the purpose to define partner-economic and ambient lines of direction aiming at the Planning and the Ambient Management of the Corumbatai River Whatershed. The planning can be considered as the decision process that objective to cause an excellent combination of activities in a specific area and for which the use of the politics instruments is coordinate, considered the objectives of the system and the limitations imposed for the available resources. The analysis of this Whatershed Basin conferred the necessity and the urgency of the implantation of a composed plan of ambient management of injunctions, institucional joint and incentive to the sustainable, ecological compatible economic activities with the potentialities. / Doutor

På grund av den ständigt ökande ohälsan på arbetsplatser orsakad av faktorer i den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön har arbetsmiljöverket tagit fram nya föreskrifter, AFS 2015:4. Förutom att arbetsgivares och arbetsledares ansvar för arbetsmiljön poängteras nämns även skyddsombud som en viktig resurs. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om skyddsombud inom socialpsykiatrin upplevt att föreskrifterna påverkat det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet, vilken betydelse arbetsledaren har i den psykosociala arbetsmiljön samt i vilken grad de själva är involverade i det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet. Det teoretiska ramverket bestod främst av AFS 2015:4 men även av tidigare forskning och gällande teorier. Metoden var kvalitativ och sju skyddsombud inom socialpsykiatrin intervjuades. Resultatet visar att arbetsledaren upplevs som betydelsefull i den psykosociala arbetsmiljön, att de nya riktlinjerna inte influerat det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet samt att skyddsombuden upplevde sig delaktiga i det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet. Ett förslag till framtida forskning är att utöka studien med större antal skyddsombud på slumpvis utvalda arbetsplatser.

The principal aim of this dissertation is empirically todevelop and test a collaboration model for how to operatesystematically with the work environment at school. Ontheoretical grounds, a case is made that collaboration betweendifferent groups (various professions and pupils) should beinvestigated despite different conditions, qualifications andages.“School Environment 2000”is a model for theongoing monitoring of the work environment at school. It isdesigned for integration into school-based activities, and itsmaterial offers an opportunity for any stakeholder involved toparticipate in activities concerning conditions at school. The“School Environment 2000”have been used by pupilsand personnel (totally 2,383) at 36 schools in 8 municipalitiesin Sweden. Three of the four studies are follow-up studies; thefourth study had matched control schools. All studies usedquestionnaires; the fourth were completed with other methods asdiaries, observations and interviews. The result showed that amajority of pupils specified both sickness-related andpsychosocial reasons for absence from school. The second(pupils) and third (personnel) study show associations betweenthe work environment and ill-health, especially by females.Among women, all the items describing self-reported complaintscorrelated significantly with the Work at school index and Workclimate index. In the fourth study, in which a work environmentintervention was tested, the participants adopted a morelimited concept than that contained in School Environment2000-questionnaire. A clear desire was expressed, for morestructure and order in school work. The participants attainedin the intervention program, compared with the controller, weremore engaged in greater collaboration with others, had becomemore active in managing problems and conflicts, had greaterinternal effectiveness and perceivedfacilitating factors inwork for change as depending less on personal attributes andbehaviours of personnel. The discussion focus the need forfollowup changes and their effects on health; collaboration topromote objective and subjective scope for action; andcollaboration for goal fulfilment. Special care must beconsidered pupils work environment. The school situation is agood time for learning how to create a good work environmentand to prevent ill-health. / <p>QC 20161027</p>

The aim of this study was to investigate the conditions that Heads of Department are facing when conducting Systematic Work Environment Management (SWEM) within psychosocial work environment at Umeå University. The study has focused on the obstacles and tools that Heads of Department are experiencing in their efforts to investigate, assess, and measures to reduce risks and follow up actions in the psychosocial work environment. To investigate this, I conducted semi-structured interviews with four Heads of Department and a Head of Unit at Umeå University. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed. The result of the study is that dialogue and cooperation on different levels of the workplace seems to be the foundation of their SWEM within psychosocial work environment. A relationship-oriented leadership, good communication climate at the workplace, and various support functions are also important tools. Some of the obstacles that they experience are heavy workload, performance cultures, and sometimes lack of central support. SWEM also seems to be more time-consuming within psychosocial work environment than within the physical environment. It is not possible to draw any general conclusions from this study, but it has indicated several tracks that might be interesting to investigate further to improve conditions for the Heads of Department. For example, to further map their psychosocial environment, if the central support is perceived as sufficient and how to safeguard the local support from, for example, human resources specialists and work safety representatives.

O bem-estar das populações é mais bem evidenciado pela abrangência dos serviços de água e de esgotamento sanitário. Porém, no Brasil, há muito que se fazer com relação à coleta, afastamento e tratamento de esgoto. Tal conjuntura agrava os problemas de saúde pública e ambiental, e sua melhoria depende, em grande parte, do desenvolvimento de sistemas de tratamento eficientes para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das comunidades. Neste trabalho realizou-se acompanhamento operacional do processo de tratamento de esgotos de 10 ETEs de pequeno e médio porte verificando deficiências e aspectos positivos da gestão atualmente utilizada e possíveis impactos ambientais nos corpos hídricos receptores. Ao mesmo tempo, por meio dessa experiência, propôs-se um método para implementação de um sistema de gestão integrado aplicado ao processo de tratamento de esgotos com foco na gestão ambiental, segurança e saúde no trabalho e controle de qualidade - que são fatores fortemente ligados neste processo. O acompanhamento mostrou que parte considerável das ETEs estudadas não apresentou bom desempenho ambiental - com relação à remoção de DBO e nitrogênio amoniacal, há poucos recursos humanos e o controle de qualidade não atende à demanda de unidades, sendo necessário maior investimento em todo o processo. A adoção de sistema de gestão integrada para o processo de tratamento de esgotos, juntamente com o aumento nos investimentos, pode tornar o saneamento básico mais eficiente, com ganhos ambientais consideráveis e melhor preservação dos recursos hídricos. / Populations\' life quality is better evidenced by the inclusion of water and wastewater services and treatment. Even so, in Brazil is necessary to improve the collection, removal and sewer treatment. Such conjuncture worsens the problems of public and environmental health, and its improvement depends strongly of the development of efficient treatment systems for the improvement of the quality of the communities\' life. In this work it has been realized operational monitoring of sewer treatment process of 10 small-and-medium sewer treatment plants and it has been verified deficiencies and positive aspects of current management of these systems, and possible environmental impacts in natural waters. Through that experience, it has been proposed a method of integrated management system applied to sewer treatment process focused on environment, quality control, safe and health - strongly related to each other in sewer treatment process. The operational monitoring has shown considerable number of studied sewer treatment plants has not present satisfactory environmental data, specially to the removal of BOD and nitrogen ammonia, there are insufficient human resources and the quality control doesn\'t assist the demand of the plants, and it\'s necessary high investments in whole process. The adoption of an integrated management system applied to sewer treatment process, with the investment increasing, can turn sanitation systems more efficient, with considerable environmental improvements and preservation of water resources.

Esta pesquisa apresenta a construção de um modelo conceitual para a sustentabilidade do Rio Pinheiros na capital de São Paulo através da aplicação de um método de mapeamento e análise de variáveis em sistemas sócio-ecológicos. O método se baseia na Teoria Geral dos Sistemas e na Stakeholder Analysis e visa identificar variáveis relevantes por meio de uma abordagem hierárquica e transdisciplinar. Nesse sentido, especialistas de diversas áreas do conhecimento foram consultados para que as variáveis fossem identificadas e, ainda, a elas se atribuíssem níveis de importância. Além disso, uma matriz de adjacência foi elaborada a fim de identificar as conexões entre as variáveis. Duas hipóteses foram testadas. A primeira - referente à distribuição não aleatória dos pontos de importância atribuídos pelos diversos especialistas - foi corroborada. A segunda - que postulava a sobreposição das variáveis mais importantes e mais conectadas em um conjunto formado pelos quartis dos valores mais altos de importância e conectância - foi refutada. A verificação da primeira hipótese foi feita com o teste não paramétrico do sinal e distribuições binomiais. A verificação da segunda hipótese se deu com o cálculo da porcentagem de maioria simples. A partir dos resultados obtidos, construiu-se o modelo conceitual da sustentabilidade do Rio Pinheiros com a ajuda de um software de modelagem de redes complexas e hierárquicas. / This research presents the construction of a conceptual model for the sustainability of the Pinheiros River in São Paulo City through the application of a method of mapping and analysis of variables in socio-ecological systems. The method is based both on the General Theory of Systems and on the Stakeholder Analysis and aims at the identification of relevant variables through a hierarchical and transdisciplinary approach. In this sense, specialists from different fields of expertise were consulted in order to identify the variables and to assign them importance levels. An adjacency matrix was developed so that connections amidst the variables could be identified. Two hypotheses were tested. The first - concerning the nonfortuitous distribution of the importance points assigned by the several specialists - was corroborated. The second - which postulated the superposition of the more important and more connected variables in a group formed by the quartile of the more important variables - was refuted. The first hypothesis was verified with the support of the non-parametric signal and binomial distribution test. The second hypothesis was verified through the simple majority calculation. Based on the results and with the help of a software able to model hierarchical and complex networks, a conceptual model of sustainability for the Pinheiros River was built.

<p>Unhealthiness is not just a damaged back or asbestos. The fact that mental ill-health seems to increase in our society is well known. Statistics from Arbetsmiljöverket proves a fourfold increase of work-related disorders since 1997. These are primarily caused by organizational and social factors, 60% are considered caused by stress and a heavy workload. Sick leave due work related fatigue and depressions are scarily common today. Highly controlled work where every individual’s performance is measured, registered and sometimes even presented in front of co-workers is now what many employees face in their daily life. In our technically well-developed society we have a variety of sophisticated software that registers detailed information about employees. How does this affect the people that work in that environment? What legislations are there to cover these questions? This is what we have chosen to focus on in this essay.</p><p>Our empirical research shows that companies do register what their employees do even though there are people who prefer to disregard that fact. It’s possible that some surveillance occur purposeless, like for instance the common registration of incoming phone calls which indeed could be referred to a specific individual. How this information is being used in the end probably varies from company to company, but, as proven in our study it can be used as evidence or arguments against employees who might make a poor performance. We mean that high levels of control contribute to the pressure employees feel in their already stressful work life.</p> / <p>Ohälsa är inte bara en utsliten rygg eller lungor skadade av asbest. Att den psykiska ohälsan verkar öka i samhället är inte okänt. Arbetsmiljöverkets statistik påvisar en fyrfaldig ökning av arbetsrelaterade sjukdomar sedan 1997. Dessa beror främst på organisatoriska och sociala faktorer, 60 % beräknas bero på stress och hög arbetsbelastning. Sjukskrivningar p.g.a. utmattningsdepression och depression i allmänhet är långt ifrån ovanliga. Starkt styrt arbete där varje enskild individs prestationer mäts dagligen och t o m redovisas öppet på arbetsplatsen är nu vardag för många anställda. I dagens högteknologiska samhälle finns en mängd sofistikerade redskap för att samla information om de anställda på företaget. Varje knapptryckning kan registreras, antal hanterade samtal och längden på dessa mäts, analyseras och data sparas. Hur påverkas egentligen människor som arbetar i den miljön och vad säger lagen? Vi har valt att studera handhavandet av personuppgifter, gällande rätt på området samt hur ett felaktigt handhavande kan inverka negativt på arbetsmiljön.</p><p>Den empiriska undersökning som genomförts inom ramen för studien visar tillsynes att övervakning av anställda på arbetsplatsen sker, men även att vissa tycks ignorera att så sker. Visserligen kan tänkas att vissa arbetsplatser ej kontrollerar medvetet, men exempelvis kan en vardaglig företeelse som loggning av teletrafik anses vara en övervakande åtgärd, som kan härledas specifik individ. Hur sen dessa uppgifter används antar vi att det varierar starkt från arbetsplats till arbetsplats, men uppgifter kan, vilket bekräftas av vår studie, användas bland annat som påtryckningsargument om en säljare presterar sämre än förväntat. Vi tolkar även att ett starkt kontrollerat arbete medför att arbetstagaren upplever arbetssituationen som stressig.</p>

Unhealthiness is not just a damaged back or asbestos. The fact that mental ill-health seems to increase in our society is well known. Statistics from Arbetsmiljöverket proves a fourfold increase of work-related disorders since 1997. These are primarily caused by organizational and social factors, 60% are considered caused by stress and a heavy workload. Sick leave due work related fatigue and depressions are scarily common today. Highly controlled work where every individual’s performance is measured, registered and sometimes even presented in front of co-workers is now what many employees face in their daily life. In our technically well-developed society we have a variety of sophisticated software that registers detailed information about employees. How does this affect the people that work in that environment? What legislations are there to cover these questions? This is what we have chosen to focus on in this essay. Our empirical research shows that companies do register what their employees do even though there are people who prefer to disregard that fact. It’s possible that some surveillance occur purposeless, like for instance the common registration of incoming phone calls which indeed could be referred to a specific individual. How this information is being used in the end probably varies from company to company, but, as proven in our study it can be used as evidence or arguments against employees who might make a poor performance. We mean that high levels of control contribute to the pressure employees feel in their already stressful work life. / Ohälsa är inte bara en utsliten rygg eller lungor skadade av asbest. Att den psykiska ohälsan verkar öka i samhället är inte okänt. Arbetsmiljöverkets statistik påvisar en fyrfaldig ökning av arbetsrelaterade sjukdomar sedan 1997. Dessa beror främst på organisatoriska och sociala faktorer, 60 % beräknas bero på stress och hög arbetsbelastning. Sjukskrivningar p.g.a. utmattningsdepression och depression i allmänhet är långt ifrån ovanliga. Starkt styrt arbete där varje enskild individs prestationer mäts dagligen och t o m redovisas öppet på arbetsplatsen är nu vardag för många anställda. I dagens högteknologiska samhälle finns en mängd sofistikerade redskap för att samla information om de anställda på företaget. Varje knapptryckning kan registreras, antal hanterade samtal och längden på dessa mäts, analyseras och data sparas. Hur påverkas egentligen människor som arbetar i den miljön och vad säger lagen? Vi har valt att studera handhavandet av personuppgifter, gällande rätt på området samt hur ett felaktigt handhavande kan inverka negativt på arbetsmiljön. Den empiriska undersökning som genomförts inom ramen för studien visar tillsynes att övervakning av anställda på arbetsplatsen sker, men även att vissa tycks ignorera att så sker. Visserligen kan tänkas att vissa arbetsplatser ej kontrollerar medvetet, men exempelvis kan en vardaglig företeelse som loggning av teletrafik anses vara en övervakande åtgärd, som kan härledas specifik individ. Hur sen dessa uppgifter används antar vi att det varierar starkt från arbetsplats till arbetsplats, men uppgifter kan, vilket bekräftas av vår studie, användas bland annat som påtryckningsargument om en säljare presterar sämre än förväntat. Vi tolkar även att ett starkt kontrollerat arbete medför att arbetstagaren upplever arbetssituationen som stressig.