Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:16:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paginas de 1 a 30.pdf: 2327475 bytes, checksum: 87ccad234091fb13543fe87ea068ed5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-04 / The present study proposes to analyse the hole of Physical Education on Vargas age. During the decade of 1930 and the beginning of 1940 the advancement of industrial capitalism was translated in quite subtle ways of domination, where one could find even the control of the subjectivity, the character and the personality of the persons. Formulated by intellectuals, militaries and studious of this subject and assumed by the state from 1937 on, Physical Education admitted the status of a discipline that could be able to make Brazilian people prepared to follow the development of the country. It was granted to this discipline the hole of helping to construct a strong nation. It would be achieved with the investment on body, through the physical and moral regeneration of Brazilian people, making them strong, healthy, eugenicist, useful and productive. At the same time, it would be possible to insert inside the persons some values such as order, discipline, respect and obedience. The Army, which activated the Physical Education at that moment, tried to lead the national construction and it involved this practice in its goals of the society militarization. With the consolidation of the political authoritarianism since 1937, the state integrated the Physical Education and its regenerating act with the ideology of the national construction that was formulated, bringing to the project of nationality construction from this practice on, a new outline of a fascist orientation.(AU) / O presente estudo propõe analisar qual o papel exercido pela Educação Física na Era Vargas. Durante a década de 1930 e o início de 1940 o avanço do capitalismo industrial traduzia-se em formas bastante sutis de dominação, no qual, projetava-se o controle até mesmo da subjetividade, do caráter e da personalidade dos indivíduos. Formulada por intelectuais, militares e estudiosos do assunto e assumida pelo Estado a partir de 1937, a Educação Física assumiu o status de disciplina capaz de tornar o povo brasileiro preparado para acompanhar o desenvolvimento do país. Conferiu-se a essa disciplina o papel de auxiliar na construção de uma nação forte. Isto seria alcançado a partir do investimento sobre o corpo, pela regeneração física e moral do povo brasileiro, tornando-o forte, sadio, eugenizado, útil e produtivo. Ao mesmo tempo, seria possível introjetar nos indivíduos valores como ordem, disciplina, respeito e obediência. O Exército, grande ativador da Educação Física naquele momento, procurava liderar a construção nacional e envolvia essa prática em seus objetivos de militarização da sociedade. Com a consolidação do autoritarismo político a partir de 1937, o Estado integrou a Educação Física e sua ação regeneradora na ideologia de construção nacional então formulada, trazendo um contorno novo, de orientação fascista, ao projeto de construção da nacionalidade a partir dessa prática.(AU)

L’utilisation de παιδεύω dans la Septante (LXX) a été interprétée comme le témoin d’un glissement dans la pensée religieuse aux temps hellénistiques. L’idée hébraïque d’un Dieu qui corrige son peuple (יסר), aurait laissé place à l’idéal grec de l’éducation. Pourtant, dans la LXX, παιδεύω porte une nuance de correction corporelle, absente de la littérature classique et serait, par conséquent, un mot grec utilisé dans un sens hébreu. La présente thèse se veut une approche nouvelle. Constatant l’équivalence lexicale entre יסר et παιδεύω, puis ayant analysé la racine hébraïque et le lemme grec dans leur contexte, elle vise à expliquer pourquoi les traducteurs grecs ont fait un tel choix lexical et pourquoi ils s’en démarquent parfois. Elle démontrera que dans la LXX, le Dieu éducateur reste un Dieu « correcteur » comme dans la Bible hébraïque. Cependant, une autre idée apparaît aussi : Dieu pourvoit aux besoins de son enfant Israël. / It has been held that the use of παιδεύω in the Septuagint (LXX) reflects a shift in religious thinking in the Hellenistic era. The Hebrew idea of a God who disciplines (רסי) his people is thought to have given way to the Greek ideal of education. However, in the LXX, παιδεύω has the nuance of punishment, something that is absent from Classical Greek literature. Consequently, the Greek word could be thought to be used in a Hebrew sense.This doctoral dissertation suggests a new approach to the issue. After establishing the lexical equivalence between רסי and παιδεύω, and then analyzing the hebrew root and the Greek lemma in context, it aims to explain why the Greek translators have chosen this equivalence and why they have sometimes departed from it. It will be stated that, in the LXX, God the educator remains a God who disciplines, as in the Hebrew Bible. However, another idea appears to be associated to the word παιδεύω: that of God who provides for the needs of his child, Israel.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho é trazer à discussão o modo quase hegemônico como o homem na modernidade, lançando mão dos inúmeros avanços tecnológicos conquistados pela ciência, lida com o anúncio da morte, de modo a adiá-la a qualquer preço, sob a máxima de que a vida deve ser prolongada, mesmo à custa de todo e qualquer sofrimento. Heidegger, em sua obra Ser e Tempo, esclarece o modo como o homem na cotidianidade mediana lida com a morte. O homem se movimenta na nossa época, denominada por Heidegger de era da técnica, era esta em que, segundo o filósofo, o mundo é desvelado como fundo de reservas por meio da máxima do controle dos entes e da existência. A morte, tal como compreendida na cotidianidade mediana, passa a ser um fenômeno passível de adiamento, sobre o qual podemos ter controle e que, ao modo impessoal, encontra-se sempre referida à morte do outro. Ao tomar o fenômeno da morte ao modo do impessoal, Heidegger acena que acabamos por obscurecer aquilo que lhe é mais próprio, ou seja, seu caráter irremissível, certo, indeterminado e insuperável. Buscaremos a concepção do autor sobre a morte como indissociável da existência e discutiremos como, na maioria das vezes, o homem movimenta-se no horizonte da técnica em meio à impessoalidade, lidando com a morte de modo impróprio e encobrindo essa possibilidade. Para tanto, iremos apresentar como a lida com a morte, na modernidade, encontra-se mediada pelos saberes especializados, a partir dos quais se procura combater, gerenciar e controlar este fenômeno. Apontaremos alguns dilemas que confrontaram a medicina e a sociedade diante dessa tentativa e buscaremos compreender como estes saberes foram construídos historicamente. Para desvelar outras possibilidades de lida com a morte, buscaremos na Grécia antiga, através da análise de mitos, o modo como o grego do ciclo épico lidava com este fenômeno. Retornando ao homem grego do ciclo épico, mostraremos que as verdades sobre a lida com a morte, que se estabeleceram como absolutas no mundo atual, podem ser colocadas em questão e apontaremos a pertinência de pensarmos a morte para além da lógica de modelos atuais que buscam gerenciar este fenômeno. Recorreremos, finalmente, ao texto Serenidade, de Heidegger, para examinar o pensamento do homem moderno e refletir sobre as suas incessantes investidas na busca pelo controle e pelo gerenciamento da morte. Através do pensamento reflexivo, proposto pelo autor, acreditamos que se desvelam outras possibilidades de lida com a morte, antes obscurecidas por verdades tomadas como absolutas, e, deste modo, torna-se possível conquistar uma relação mais livre com este fenômeno

O presente trabalho investiga as motivações para a escolha do neopaganismo como religião por indivíduos de contextos diferenciados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e adjacências. Foram etnografados rituais e eventos públicos neopagãos na cidade durante o período de 2012 a 2014. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com neopagãos e analisada sua literatura religiosa. A pesquisa concentrou-se, sobretudo, nas atividades e vivências do coven Chuva Vernal, de Wicca Xamânica. Como conclusão sugerem-se duas hipóteses principais sobre quais elementos explicariam a motivação para aderir e permanecer nessa religião: a lógica da distinção, discutida por Simmel, e o conceito, usado por Manuel Castells, de identidade de projeto. / This study investigates the motivations for the choice of neo-paganism as a religion by individuals of different contexts in the city of Rio de Janeiro and surrounding areas. Neopagan rituals and public events in the city were ethnographed during the period 2012-2014. Interviews were conducted and analyzed their religious literature. The research focused mainly on the activities and experiences of the Chuva Vernal Coven, a group of Shamanic Wicca. As a conclusion we suggest two main hypotheses about which factors explain the motivation to join and stay in this religion: the logic of distinction, discussed by Simmel, and the concept of project identity, used by Manuel Castells.

The aim of the thesis is to study the pseudonymous letters of Aeschines, all of which purport to give an account of his sojourn in exile. There is a strong consensus among scholars that all the letters are forgeries, and their date of composition tends to be located in the first few centuries CE on linguistic grounds. Embracing a variety of literary forms, these letters were probably composed by multiple hands and may for convenience be divided into three categories: Letters 2, 3, 7, 11, 12 imitate the ‘Demosthenic’ letters in a manner similar to the Hellenistic (and beyond) historical declamations and progymnasmata; Letters 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 come to us with features reminiscent of what German scholars would call Briefromane, or ‘epistolary novels’, and are normally deemed typical of the so-called Second Sophistic; and Letter 4 is a showpiece assuming the form of a Pindaric exegesis. The thesis consists of two parts. The first gives an extensive account of the letters, including their background, history of scholarship, and basic features, to seek to present the ‘forger’ and the text in their proper historical and cultural contexts. The second part, which constitutes the basis for the reflections developed in the first, provides a detailed commentary in thematic sequence. It begins with the ‘Demosthenic’ counterparts (Epp. 2, 3, 7, 11, 12), and stylistic comparisons are made throughout. The analysis of the fictional letters (Epp. 1, 5, 6, 8, 9) pays particular attention to their consistency of narrative and engagement with other literary genres. The commentary on Letter 4 foregrounds the Pindaric elements and completes the thesis. Letter 10 is discussed at sporadic points: it is a later attachment to the corpus and the erotic content is inconsistent with the ‘original’ forgeries. The overall focus of the thesis is on two overlapping aspects of Aeschines’ early reception in antiquity – as ‘the other orator’ beside Demosthenes and as inspiration for later rhetorical education. Existing studies, however, are more concerned with textual criticism and linguistic analysis and have left the letters almost unproductive in these respects: so Drerup (1904), Schwegler (1914), and, most recently, García Ruiz and Hernández Muñoz (2012). In his classic work Goldstein (1968) took the parallel passages in the pseudonymous letters as evidence for authenticating Demosthenes’ letters, and scholars are now able to take advantage of a more reliable reference when studying Ps.-Aeschines. Holzberg (1994), on the other hand, established a set of generic criteria for the Briefromane and has substantially changed the way we read Ps.-Aeschines: it is now possible to appreciate the literary value of the letters without scrutinising their authenticity. Yet both these studies tell us only half the story: while Goldstein left more remarks on the imitative counterparts of Demosthenes’ letters, Holzberg focused on the way the letters reflect the epistolary narrative. Following Rohde (1876/1960), moreover, it seems common sense to characterise the pseudo-historical tale as seen through the letters as a product of the ‘Second Sophistic’, though discoveries of new papyri, e.g. the Ninus romance c. first century BCE, undermined this assumption. My study is built on these investigations in an attempt to form the most extended analysis. The study of the ‘Demosthenic’ counterparts will contribute to a better understanding of Ps.-Aeschines’ intertextual engagement with Demosthenes and his successors, e.g. Ps.-Leosthenes (FGrH 105 F 6 = MP3 2496). It shows that Ps.-Aeschines owes a great deal to the culture of rhetoric and highlights his significance in the Nachleben of Attic oratory. As for the other letters, this thesis argues that they deserve some space in our accounts of the history of exilic, periegetic, and epinician literatures for contextualising a wide range of preexisting literary forms such as the Homeric Odyssey (Ep. 1) and Pindar’s victory odes (Ep. 4). As contingent by-products of the ‘Demosthenic’ counterparts, however, they seem to allow no confident judgement about generic consciousness, esp. the very notion of ‘novel’, and need to be approached as antedating the Imperial exponents. Contrary to the communis opinio, therefore, I attempt to move the date of composition forward to the late Hellenistic period, in which there was already ample encouragement for a sophist, as well as for his students, to write pseudonymous letters. The ‘traitors’ blacklist’ (Ep. 12.8–9) and the term for the Rhodian family of Diagoreans (Ep. 4.4) entertain this possibility inasmuch as both show marked affinities with the Hellenistic sources. Last but not least, the two coexisting, radically opposed interpretations of one’s civic orientation in exile will help us tackle the stability and change in the political cultures of the post-Classical era. My conclusion is that these letters hold a unique position as very early – and very illuminating – examples of how different literary, political trends were interwoven to make, and to remould, a Classic. It is hoped that this study may have done something to reappraise Ps.-Aeschines, who is, in all likelihood, a pre-sophisticated forerunner at a crossroads in the history of Greek literature.

A simple rule for the optimal global price of carbon is presented, which captures the geophysical, economic, and ethical drivers of climate policy as well as the effect of uncertainty about future growth of consumption. There is also a discussion of the optimal carbon budget and the amount of unburnable carbon and stranded fossil fuel reserves and a back-on-the-envelope expression are given for calculating these. It is also shown how one can derive the end of the carbon era and peak warming. This simple arithmetic for determining climate policy is meant to complement the simulations of large-scale integrated assessment model, and to give analytical understanding of the key determinants of climate policy. The simple rules perform very well in a full integrated assessment model. It is also shown how to take account of a 2 °C upper limit on global warming. Steady increases in energy efficiency do not affect the optimal price of carbon, but postpone the carbon-free era somewhat and if technical progress in renewables and economic growth are strong leads to substantially lower cumulative emissions and lower peak global warming.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 125058.pdf: 1932741 bytes, checksum: 3198b2d69a66441a530a85c33ae65b3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to analyze the educational context of the 1930s and 1940s through the Acervo Professor Elpídio Barbosa (Collection Teacher Elpídio Barbosa) (1909-1966) located at the Instituto de Documentação e Investigação em Ciências Humanas (Institute for Documentation and Research in Humanities - IDCH) at Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (State University of Santa Catarina - UDESC), aiming to identify, especially through the stored of Teacher Elpidio, the subjects and sociabilities that were part of the nationalization of education in Santa Catarina. At first it was necessary to discuss the construction of the collection through the sense of origin, collection of themselves and monumentalization the subject. With a journey of over than 20 years between the administrative offices of Santa Catarina education, he figured as a school inspector (1931-1934), technical director of the Department of Education (1935-1940), General Director at the Department of Education (1940-1951) and now lends his name to the highest award given to educators in Santa Catarina by Conselho Estadual de Educação (State Board of Education - CEE). With this movement, it was possible to do a full survey of the names in the minutes of meetings, conferences, newsletters, resolutions of the guys that had important roles in the course of social projects for the state of Santa Catarina. To distinguish the subject and the shared experiences is a movement sine qua non to understand how mobilized the political cultures and school and through certain interpretive-key wove new social predictions, understanding language and social experience to create the concept of nationalization of education. Finally, the period is perceived as a traumatic time and with nationalist exacerbation, often with a narrative and violent actions over the European immigrants, especially during the Estado Novo under the government of the interventor Nereu Ramos. The proposal here is not just to deal directly the violence, but also to associate it with a shed of the New School movement that took over the Department of Education and the Instituto Nacional de Estudos Pedagógicos (National Institute of Pedagogical Studies - INEP) for the drafting of laws that created the nationalization of education. This research belongs to the field of history of the present time to deal with a past and a trauma that still lives in Santa Catarina society. / A presente pesquisa buscou analisar o contexto educacional das décadas de 1930 e 1940 por meio do Acervo Professor Elpídio Barbosa (1909-1966), localizado no Instituto de Documentação e Investigação em Ciências Humanas (IDCH) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Essa análise tem como objetivo identificar e pensar, principalmente por meio dos guardados do Professor Elpídio, os intelectuais, os sujeitos e a rede de sociabilidades que constituíram o processo de nacionalização do ensino no Estado. Em um primeiro momento foi necessário discutir a construção do acervo desse professor por meio do sentido de proveniência, coleção de si e monumentalização do sujeito. Com uma jornada de mais de 20 anos entre os cargos administrativos da educação catarinense, Elpídio Barbosa figurou como inspetor escolar (1931- 1934), diretor técnico do Departamento de Educação (1935-1940), Diretor Geral no Departamento de Educação (1940-1951) e hoje empresta o nome ao maior prêmio concedido aos educadores em Santa Catarina pelo Conselho Estadual de Educação (CEE). Desse movimento, foi possível fazer um levantamento dos nomes em atas de reuniões, conferências, circulares, resoluções, sendo possível identificar os sujeitos que desempenharam funções relevantes nos rumos dos projetos políticos e educacionais em Santa Catarina. Distinguir os sujeitos e as experiências compartilhadas é um movimento sine qua non para compreender como determinado grupo mobilizou culturas políticas e escolares e teceram novos prognósticos sociais para o projeto de nacionalização do ensino. O período recortado é percebido como um momento traumático e de exacerbações nacionalistas, muitas vezes com uma narrativa e ações violentas sobre os imigrantes europeus, especialmente ocorridas no Estado Novo sob o governo do interventor Nereu Ramos. A proposta aqui é menos tratar diretamente dessas violências e sim associá-las a uma determinada vertente do movimento escolanovista que tomou conta do Departamento de Educação e do Instituto Nacional de Estudos Pedagógicos (INEP) para a elaboração das leis que possibilitaram a nacionalização do ensino no Estado. Esta pesquisa pertence ao domínio da história do tempo presente ao tratar de um passado e de políticas que ainda ressoam nas relações cotidianas da sociedade catarinense.

Submitted by ANNA LUISA DE CASTRO (annaluisa@folha.com.br) on 2018-04-26T18:52:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_ANNA_LUISA_DE_CASTRO.pdf: 11392480 bytes, checksum: c674e14862210aeff3a40872c43c2497 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Minervina Teixeira Lopes null (vina_lopes@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-04-27T14:21:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 castro_al_dr_bauru.pdf: 11237182 bytes, checksum: 40ca5bf9e74ecae58c304fccde2f166a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T14:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 castro_al_dr_bauru.pdf: 11237182 bytes, checksum: 40ca5bf9e74ecae58c304fccde2f166a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente investigação teve por objetivo identificar subsídios, diretrizes, mecanismos e procedimentos essenciais para a construção do currículo da era digital, em particular o currículo da Matemática para o Ensino Fundamental. No intuito de atingir os objetivos propostos para essa investigação, foi realizada uma interação formativa, um curso no molde extensionista, o qual fundamentou-se nas ideias de Ponte (1992), Nóvoa (2002), Gatti (2008), Lévy (1999); Moran (2012), Valente (2012) e Kenski (2007), dentre outros. Ao longo dessa formação buscou-se conhecer as concepções de um grupo de professores de Matemática da Diretoria de Ensino da Região de Registro -SP sobre o uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC). No que tange aos procedimentos investigativos, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, seguindo os pressupostos dos estudos exploratório, empírico e bibliográfico, os quais favoreceram uma interpretação mais detalhada e uma melhor compreensão da intervenção pretendida. Por um lado, a intervenção buscou subsidiar os professores para o uso integrado das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC), em particular o GeoGebra, nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem da Matemática. Por outro lado, a partir da prática e por meio dos dados produzidos nessa formação (formulários, rascunhos, respostas questionários, memoriais de formação, relatórios, gravação audiovisual, diário de bordo, registro de interação entre os envolvidos, entre outras produções), buscou-se entender quais são os desafios para se estabelecer o currículo da era digital. Os principais materiais que compõem o currículo do Estado de São Paulo, com as devidas delimitações desta investigação, também se constituíram como dados importantes de análise. Utilizou-se para a análise de dados a teoria da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2009), desvelando alguns pontos cruciais para a implantação das TDIC nas salas de aula das escolas públicas brasileiras, em especial nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de Matemática. No que diz respeito ao currículo apresentado por meio dos materiais didáticos fornecidos pelos órgãos centrais e oficiais, constatou-se que são pouco relevantes os subsídios para a integração do uso das TDIC no processo educativo. Nesse sentido, como contribuição desta investigação, apresenta-se caminhos a serem trilhados pela política curricular no que tange ao plasmar do Currículo de Matemática da era digital. / In this research, the objective is to identify subsystems, guidelines, mechanisms and essential procedures for the construction of the digital age curriculum, in particular, the Mathematics Curriculum for Fundamental Education. In order to reach the proposed objectives for this research, a formative interaction was carried out, in the format of a university extension course, which was based on the ideas of (1992), Nóvoa (2002), Gatti (2008), Lévy (1999); Moran (2012), Valente (2012), and Kenski (2007), among others. During this training, we sought to know the conceptions of a group of math teachers who work at Educational Board of Registro -SP about Digital Technologies of Information and Communication (DTIC). Regarding investigative procedures, a qualitative approach was adopted, following the assumptions of the exploratory, empirical and bibliographic studies, which favored a more detailed interpretation and a better understanding of the intended intervention. On the one hand, the intervention sought to subsidize teachers for the integrated use of Digital Technologies of Information and Communication, in particular the GeoGebra software, in the teaching and learning processes of Mathematics, on the other hand, from the practical and by means of the data produced in this training (forms, drafts, questionnaire responses, training reports, reports, audio-visual recording, logbook, interaction register among those involved, among other productions), we tried to understand the challenges to establish the curriculum of the digital age. The main materials that compose the curriculum of the of São Paulo (state), with due delimitations of this research, also constituted important data of analysis. The data produced and collected were analyzed in the perspective of the “content analysis” (BARDIN, 2009), and revealing some crucial points for the implantation of the Digital Technologies in the classrooms of the Brazilian public schools, especially in the processes of teaching and learning of Mathematics. With regard to the curriculum presented through the didactic book and the materials provided by the central and official bodies, it was found that the subsidies for the integration of the use of DTIC in the educational process are not very relevant. In this sense, as a contribution of this research, a discussion is presented, pointing out ways to be traced by curricular policy in what concerns the formulation of the Curriculum of Mathematics of the digital age.

Avec la pression croissante sur les ressources en eau accentuée par la menace des changementsglobaux, l'agriculture irriguée, surtout dans les régions semi-arides, se trouve confrontée à denouvelles exigences. Une gestion optimale des ressources en eau est indispensable dans les périmètresirrigués afin d'éviter à la fois l'irrigation excessive et le stress hydrique dommageable aux cultures.Dans ce contexte, proposer un outil simple, parcimonieux et robuste, facile à mettre en placepermettant de suivre le besoin réel en eau des cultures, à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles,permettrait d’apporter un indicateur tangible quant à l’efficience de l’irrigation dans les périmètresirrigués. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’évaluer et d’adapter plusieurs outils de suivi del’évapotranspiration des cultures irriguées de l’échelle parcellaire à l’échelle régionale par l’utilisationde la télédétection multi-capteurs et multi-résolution. Notre zone d’étude est le bassin versant duTensift au Maroc, objet d’étude du LMI TREMA (Jarlan et al., 2015) et support de l’observatoireTensift. Nous avons identifié 3 outils : un modèle de bilan d’énergie de surface (TSEB ; Norman et al.,1995) piloté par une observation de température radiométrique qui renseigne indirectement sur l’étathydrique de surface ; l’approche à coefficient cultural double de la FAO-56 (Allen et al., 1998) quiprédit l’état hydrique de surface par la résolution d’un bilan hydrique mais nécessite en contre-partiede connaître précisément les apports d’eau, grandeur très incertaine sur les périmètres irrigués àl’échelle parcellaire ; la modélisation globale qui, par opposition aux deux autres, est une approcheautonome ne nécessitant aucun forçage externe. Dans un premier temps, la confrontation dessimulations du modèle TSEB à un ensemble de mesures expérimentales recueillies à l’échelleparcellaire durant 2 saisons agricoles ainsi qu’à l’approche FAO-56 préalablement calibrée sur lesprincipales cultures de notre région d’étude sur la base de travaux antérieurs a permis de montrer que :- le modèle TSEB est très robuste et offre des performances acceptables pour la prédiction del’évapotranspiration (RMSE < 1mm/jour sur 4 sites lors de deux saisons agricoles) ; - les bonnescapacités de cet outil pour la détection de stress hydrique ; - une bonne aptitude également àpartitionner l’évapotranspiration entre évaporation du sol et transpiration de la plante. Dans un 2èmetemps, nous avons évalué les capacités prédictives d’un modèle global que nous avons développé surla base d’une série temporelle d’évapotranspiration observée sur le terrain. La modélisation globale estbasée sur la théorie des systèmes dynamique non-linéaire. Si elle ne possède pas les capacitésexplicatives des modèles mécanistes évoqués ci-dessus, peut être une bonne alternative pour laprévision de l’évapotranspiration. L’analyse de l’horizon de prévisibilité du modèle global que nousavons obtenu montre un intérêt limité pour les agriculteurs ou les gestionnaires puisque cet horizonn’excède pas 3h. Néanmoins, cette approche, très originale dans ce contexte, reste particulièrementséduisante et ouvre plusieurs perspectives. Enfin, nous avons développé un prototype « tout satellite »,basé sur le modèle TSEB et qui utilise uniquement les produits gratuits MODIS et les ré-analysesERA-Interim, pour le suivi spatialisée et à long terme de la consommation en eau des cultures dans lebassin versant du Tensift. Après une évaluation des forçages ERA-Interim, nous avons évalué laperformance du prototype par (1) confrontation des prédictions des composantes du bilan d’énergieaux données expérimentales de l’observation Tensift et (2) confrontation de la consommationmensuelle prédite au niveau des principaux périmètres irrigués de la région aux apports d’eaumensuels fournis par l’office régional qui gère ces périmètres... / With the increasing pressure on water resources accentuated by the climate change threat, irrigated agriculture, especially in semi-arid zone, faced more challenges. Optimal management of water resources is essential in irrigated areas in order to avoid both excessive irrigation and water stress that is harmful to the growth of crops. In this context, proposing a simple, parsimonious and robust, easyto- use tool for monitoring the crop water requirement at different spatial and temporal scales would provide a tangible indicator of irrigation efficiency over irrigated perimeters. This thesis aims to evaluate and adapt several tools for monitoring the evapotranspiration of irrigated crops from the plot scale to the regional scale through the use of multi-sensor and multi-resolution remote sensing observations. Our study area is the Tensift watershed in Morocco, studied by LMI TREMA (Jarlan et al., 2015) and supported by the Tensift observatory. We identified 3 tools: a surface energy balance model (TSEB; Norman et al., 1995) driven by a radiometric temperature observation that provides indirect information on surface water status; the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach predicts the hydric status by computing the water balance but requires the know precisely the water input, very difficult to obtain on the plot scale of irrigated perimeters ; global modeling which, as opposed to the first two, is an autonomous approach requiring no external forcing. Firstly, the comparison of the TSEB model simulations with a set of experimental measurements collected on a plot scale during 2 consecutive agricultural seasons and with the results of the calibrated FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach has shown that : - the TSEB model is very robust and offers acceptable performance for the prediction of evapotranspiration (RMSE <1mm / day during the two agricultural seasons); - a good capabilities of TSEB model for detection water stress; - a good ability also to partition the evapotranspiration between evaporation of the soil and transpiration of the plant. In the second step, we evaluated the predictive capacities of a global model that we developed on the basis of a time series of evapotranspiration observed in the field. Global modeling is based on the theory of the nonlinear dynamic systems theory. If it does not have the explanatory capabilities of the mechanistic models mentioned above, it may be a good alternative for predicting evapotranspiration. The analysis of the horizon of predictability of the global model that we obtained shows a limited interest for the farmers or the managers since this horizon does not exceed 3h. Nevertheless, this approach, very original in this context, remains particularly attractive and opens perspectives. Finally, we have developed a prototype, based on the TSEB model and using only MODIS free products and ERAInterim reanalyses, for monitoring evapotranspiration at Tensift watershed scale and over long periods. After an evaluation of the ERA-Interim products, we evaluated the prototype performance by (1) comparing the predictions of the energy balance components to the experimental data from Tensift observatory and (2) comparing the predicted monthly consumption at the main irrigated perimeters of the region with monthly water supplies provided by the regional office which manages these perimeters. Thus, there is a strong overestimation (almost a factor of 2) of the water consumed compared to the inflow of water, which could be related to the high number of boreholes in the region. This work and the tools developed opens perspectives for piloting and managing agricultural water in semi-arid regions.

O presente trabalho investiga as motivações para a escolha do neopaganismo como religião por indivíduos de contextos diferenciados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e adjacências. Foram etnografados rituais e eventos públicos neopagãos na cidade durante o período de 2012 a 2014. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com neopagãos e analisada sua literatura religiosa. A pesquisa concentrou-se, sobretudo, nas atividades e vivências do coven Chuva Vernal, de Wicca Xamânica. Como conclusão sugerem-se duas hipóteses principais sobre quais elementos explicariam a motivação para aderir e permanecer nessa religião: a lógica da distinção, discutida por Simmel, e o conceito, usado por Manuel Castells, de identidade de projeto. / This study investigates the motivations for the choice of neo-paganism as a religion by individuals of different contexts in the city of Rio de Janeiro and surrounding areas. Neopagan rituals and public events in the city were ethnographed during the period 2012-2014. Interviews were conducted and analyzed their religious literature. The research focused mainly on the activities and experiences of the Chuva Vernal Coven, a group of Shamanic Wicca. As a conclusion we suggest two main hypotheses about which factors explain the motivation to join and stay in this religion: the logic of distinction, discussed by Simmel, and the concept of project identity, used by Manuel Castells.