The most important religious order in the later medieval and early modern kingdom of Castile was without any doubt that of the Order of Friars Minor. To date, however, historians have devoted remarkably little attention to the history of the Franciscans and the significant contributions which they made to the spiritual and social life of the period. Moreover, such studies as there are tend to concentrate on either traditional hagiographical themes or matters related to the history of ecclesiastical politics. This thesis attempts to study the growth, popularity, and spirituality of the Franciscans within the context of the social and political trends of the period. The first half is about patronage, the role played by the friars in the Durango heresy, the phenomenon of the Illuminists, and the growth of anti-semitism. The second half is particularly devoted to the female religious, who have been almost entirely ignored, or treated perfunctorily as handmaidens to the dominant males. Numerically of great importance as members of the Second and Third Orders, of the Order of the Immaculate Conception, and as beatas, this thesis analyses their financial problems and organisation, their dowries and social background, their demography, and their fascinating spiritual experiences. The chronological period covered runs from c.1640 to c.1560, and the second half tends to focus, but not exclusively, on female religious in Cordoba and Toledo.

In the current knowledge era, learners, as the future of our world, require both knowledge and skills and a moral sense and values. The world is beset with diverse and evolving challenges fundamentally related to Life Sciences, which require certain skills and virtues that are not emphasised by current educational practice in schools. My quest to discover the ultimate consequences of learners’ Life Science learning within the context of the existing prescribed Life Sciences Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) was prompted by my personal experience as a high school learner and my desire to see learners have rewarding and relevant educational experiences. Although the CAPS of the South African Department of Basic Education aims at providing a link between Life Sciences in the classroom and its everyday application in learners’ lives, in practice it does not seem to achieve its purpose of equipping Life Science learners to be independent problem solvers of life challenges, as stated in its aims. This qualitative case study explored learners’ perceptions of Life Sciences as an essential factor for everyday life and scientific human challenge. The perceptions of 12 purposively selected learners from Grades 8–12 were explored by using semi-structured interviews, open-ended questionnaires, non-participant and quasi-participant observations, elicited materials, and field observation as data collecting instruments. The transcripts of the semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires were analysed using constant comparative analysis while data from the other instruments were used in corroborating or refuting the data from the semi-structured and open-ended questionnaire. The findings indicate that learners perceive their life science learning as only for academic progress with just a few indicating a desire to pursue a science-based university degree. Furthermore, learners did not see Life Sciences as useful for application in their day-today life. However, with the learning of human anatomy, the participants assumed, somehow, that it would be necessary to understand how their body works, but not to the extent of applying the knowledge in their daily lives and decision making. In this regard the Life Sciences curriculum fails to prepare learners to acquire the attributes required to successfully function in the 21st century. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Humanities Education / PhD / Unrestricted

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This ethnography explores the meanings ofpersonhood and agency in Manen¢berg, a township located on the Cape Flats, in Cape Town South Africa. The township was a site of relocation for people who were classified coloured during the apartheid era and who were forcibly removed from newly declared white areas in the city in the 1960s. I argue that despite the old apartheid state's attempts to reify the meaning of colouredness through racial legislation, the residents ofManenberg created their own meanings of personhood, agency and community within the bureaucratic, social and economic interstices of the apartheid system. Yet at the same time they also reinstated the very structural processes at the heart of their racial and gendered subjugation. I indicate how the cohesiveness of the Rio Street community in Manenberg, the survival of its residents and their validation as respectable mothers, tough men and good daughters hinged on and effioresced from a moral economy that articulated with the structural location of coloured women in the apartheid economy and racial bureaucracy.

No description available.

O suicídio é um grande tabu em nossa sociedade. Nesta pesquisa, o objetivo principal é lançar luz a um tema relativamente pouco estudado, que é a interseção entre suicídio, gênero e sexualidade nos meios digitais. Além disso, busco entender como uma interpretação contemporânea da biopolítica, pautada nos sofrimentos sociais, tem impacto nas formações e (re)construções das subjetividades e nas experiências cotidianas de pessoas que tentaram ou que realizaram o suicídio. Esta etnografia digital é baseada em materiais, dados, entrevistas e outras informações coletadas na internet para mostrar como a experiência humana, no que tange o suicídio, pode se tornar uma enorme terrae incognitae, cheia de vicissitudes ou interstícios que estão na base das formas de vida dos sujeitos. Para mostrar um enquadramento desse cenário, a tese se estrutura da seguinte forma: primeiro, apresento o cenário, por meio de uma descrição do digital e do suicídio e por uma introdução à antropologia digital; depois, apresento a parte teórica que vai guiar a análise, partindo do conceito de vida para introduzir os temas pertinentes a uma análise biopolítica contemporânea, como as formas de vida; em seguida, apresento alguns casos e alguns olhares possíveis sobre o tema do suicídio, suas definições e uma crítica que vai na mesma direção da antropologia crítica da saúde; na sequência, como um desenvolvimento da segunda parte, faço uma construção específica dos temas de gênero e sexualidade a partir dos estudos sobre sofrimento social e subjetividades; naquilo que pode ser considerada uma terceira parte da tese, apresento uma pesquisa feita na internet sobre o tema dessa pesquisa e apresento alguns comentários deixados pelos participantes; por fim, conto um pouco da história de vida de algumas pessoas que responderam à pesquisa online e toparam conversar mais sobre o tema / Suicide is a major taboo in our society. In this research, I aim to bring to light a relatively forgotten theme of inquiry, that is the intersections between suicide, gender and sexuality; and for doing such, the principles of the digital anthropology and ethnography are used as a lens to understanding the phenomenon. I try to comprehend how a contemporary interpretation of biopolitics, as in the names of social suffering, impacts on the forms the subjectivities are disputed and (re)made in everyday human experiences. This ethnography is based on materials, data, interviews and other information I gathered throughout these years to show how suicide is a giant terrae incognitae, full of vicissitudes and interstices that shape what Veena Das calls forms of life. This thesis has the following structure: first, I show the scenery though a description of the digital, suicide and the digital anthropology; then I report to the theoretical basis that will guide the analysis, from a general concept of life to the biopolitical frames of forms of life; following, there are some suicide cases and some possible views of understanding about the theme of suicide, with definitions and a critique through medicine anthropology; in what I call a second part, I introduce gender and sexuality as norms of regulations that connects directly the contemporary theories of social suffering and subjectivities; finally, the last part is based on a survey-like questionnaire posted on facebook groups, with answers, graphics and tables, and testimonies some respondents left; those who left a contact information and accepted telling me their stories, end the last part

A determinação de características dinâmicas de estruturas aeronáuticas é um assunto extremamente importante na indústria aeroespacial, principalmente devido à demanda contínua para estruturas mais leves e conseqüentemente mais flexíveis. Neste contexto, estruturas aeroespaciais precisam ser submetidas a alguma forma de verificação modal antes do vôo, para assegurar que a aeronave é livre de fenômenos aeroelásticos indesejáveis. Esta análise freqüentemente inclui a identificação experimental de características dinâmicas como freqüência natural, fatores de amortecimento e forma dos modos usando ensaio modal. Neste trabalho foi realizado um ensaio de vibração no solo em uma asa metálica da aeronave Neiva Regente para obtenção das funções resposta em freqüência da estrutura. O método de identificação utilizado para este estudo é o Algoritmo de Realização de Sistemas – ERA. É um método de identificação considerado eficiente e poderoso, pois é capaz de identificar estruturas que apresentem comportamento dinâmico complexo. O algoritmo foi validado através de uma simulação de um modelo hipotético e de dados experimentais de uma viga de alumínio. Os resultados experimentais, porém, apresentam modos computacionais que devem ser eliminados. Para tanto foram utilizados três índices de confiança para qualificar os resultados, sendo estes: Colinearidade de Fase Modal Ponderada (MPCW), Coerência da Amplitude Modal Estendida (EMAC) e Indicador de Consistência Modal (CMI). Os modos que apresentaram melhores índices de confiança são considerados o resultado final do processo de identificação. Desta forma, o processo de identificação foi aplicado para a semi-asa da aeronave Neiva Regente. A identificação revelou-se mais difícil, basicamente devido à complexidade da estrutura somado-se a problemas de ruído, o que levou a um número pequeno de modos identificados / The determination of the dynamic characteristics of aircraft structures has become an extremely important issue in the aerospace industry, primarily due to the continuous demand for lighter and consequently more flexible structures. In this context, most aerospace structural system must be subjected to some form of modal verification prior to flight in order to ensure that the aircraft is free from any dangerous aeroelastic instability phenomena. The verification procedure often includes the experimental identification of structural characteristics such as the natural frequency, damping factors and normal modes using modal testing. In this work, a ground vibration testing (GVT) of a metallic wing of the Neiva Regente aircraft was accomplished in order to assess the frequency response functions. The basic identification method used for this study is the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm – ERA. It is an identification method, which is considered efficient and powerful, because it is capable to identify structures that present complex dynamic behaviour. The algorithm was valited through data obtained from a simulation of a hypothetical model and dynamic measurement accomplished in an aluminium beam. The experimental results, nevertheless, present computacional modes that must be removed from the model. Three confidence factors were used to qualify the results, namely the Modal Phase Collinearity – Weighted (MPCW), Extended Modal Amplitude Coherence (EMAC) and Consistent-Mode Indicator (CMI). The modes that presented higher confidence factor values were considered as the final result of the identification process. Then, the identificatin process was applied to a semi-wing of the Neiva Regente aircraft. This case has revealed a much harder identification procedure, where the complexity of the structure plus noisy data have led to a small number of identified modes

Este trabalho tem por objetivo reconstruir as representações coletivas, do Nordeste e do Nordestino, elaboradas pela imprensa escrita e de grande circulação no Brasil, mais precisamente as grandes Revistas Ilustradas Semanais, durante o primeiro e o segundo governo Vargas. Em meio ao cenário de transformações das décadas de 1930 a 1950, causadas por questões políticas e ideológicas a imprensa ao representar o Nordeste e o nordestino, condensava a experiência do vivido na expressão de uma sensibilidade feita texto, dando ao leitor um Nordeste reconstruído como imagem e como discurso, a partir de referenciais permeados por novas e por velhas ideologias. Tomando tais representações como símbolos de uma época, buscamos reinterpretá-los à luz dos processos históricos, dos sistemas de ideias e imagens com as quais estabelecem contato, com o objetivo de compreendermos qual Nordeste e nordestino teria sido construído por essas mídias àquela época e quais as implicações sociais desta construção. Para trilharmos este caminho, seguimos os passos indicados por Chartier, que aponta para as três realidades maiores do estudo das representações: a compreensão das representações coletivas; a exibição do ser social por meio da estilização da vida; a construção de identidades a partir dos novos significados e símbolos sociais adotados por um grupo, permitindo-nos ampliar a compreensão da relação entre sociedade, cultura e identidade no Brasil da virada do século XX / The objective of this study is to reconstruct the collective representations of Brazilian Northeast and the Northeastern population elaborated by the written press and greatly circulated in Brazil, more precisely by the important weekly illustrated magazines during the first and the second Vargas administration. In the midst of the scenario of transformations of the 1930s to the 1950s caused by the political and ideological questions, the press, upon representing the Northeast and the Northeastern population, condensed lived experience into the expression of a sensibility transformed into text, giving the reader a Northeast referential permeated as image and as discourse as based on permeated by new and old ideologies. Taking such representations as symbols of an era, we seek to reinterpret them in the light of historical processes, of the systems of ideas and these media constructed images with which they establish contact, with the objective of understanding which Northeast and Northeasterner at that time and the social implications of that construction. To take this path, we follow the steps indicated by Chartier, who indicates the three greatest realities in the study of representations: understanding the collective representations; the exhibition of the social being by means of stylization of life; the construction of identities from new meanings and social symbols adopted by a group, allowing us to broaden understanding of the relationship between society, culture and identity in Brazil at the turn of the 20th century

Este trabalho tem por objetivo reconstruir as representações coletivas, do Nordeste e do Nordestino, elaboradas pela imprensa escrita e de grande circulação no Brasil, mais precisamente as grandes Revistas Ilustradas Semanais, durante o primeiro e o segundo governo Vargas. Em meio ao cenário de transformações das décadas de 1930 a 1950, causadas por questões políticas e ideológicas a imprensa ao representar o Nordeste e o nordestino, condensava a experiência do vivido na expressão de uma sensibilidade feita texto, dando ao leitor um Nordeste reconstruído como imagem e como discurso, a partir de referenciais permeados por novas e por velhas ideologias. Tomando tais representações como símbolos de uma época, buscamos reinterpretá-los à luz dos processos históricos, dos sistemas de ideias e imagens com as quais estabelecem contato, com o objetivo de compreendermos qual Nordeste e nordestino teria sido construído por essas mídias àquela época e quais as implicações sociais desta construção. Para trilharmos este caminho, seguimos os passos indicados por Chartier, que aponta para as três realidades maiores do estudo das representações: a compreensão das representações coletivas; a exibição do ser social por meio da estilização da vida; a construção de identidades a partir dos novos significados e símbolos sociais adotados por um grupo, permitindo-nos ampliar a compreensão da relação entre sociedade, cultura e identidade no Brasil da virada do século XX / The objective of this study is to reconstruct the collective representations of Brazilian Northeast and the Northeastern population elaborated by the written press and greatly circulated in Brazil, more precisely by the important weekly illustrated magazines during the first and the second Vargas administration. In the midst of the scenario of transformations of the 1930s to the 1950s caused by the political and ideological questions, the press, upon representing the Northeast and the Northeastern population, condensed lived experience into the expression of a sensibility transformed into text, giving the reader a Northeast referential permeated as image and as discourse as based on permeated by new and old ideologies. Taking such representations as symbols of an era, we seek to reinterpret them in the light of historical processes, of the systems of ideas and these media constructed images with which they establish contact, with the objective of understanding which Northeast and Northeasterner at that time and the social implications of that construction. To take this path, we follow the steps indicated by Chartier, who indicates the three greatest realities in the study of representations: understanding the collective representations; the exhibition of the social being by means of stylization of life; the construction of identities from new meanings and social symbols adopted by a group, allowing us to broaden understanding of the relationship between society, culture and identity in Brazil at the turn of the 20th century

<p>Referat</p><p><strong>Klimatologisk studie av cyklonbanor över Europa med koppling till snöförhållanden i norra Sverige</strong></p><p><em>Jakob Inghammar</em></p><p>Under de senaste decennierna har temperaturen i atmosfären ökat. En sannolik effekt av detta är en förändring av förekomst och styrka för de utomtropiska cyklonerna. Deras uppträdande spelar en betydande roll för väder och klimat över de områden där de förekommer, därför är det relevant att undersöka om samvariationer för dem existerar med till exempel snöförhållanden och temperaturer. För att utforska detta har lågtryck över norra Atlanten och Europa identifierats ur återanalysdata (ERA-40) under månaderna oktober-mars för åren 1960-1999.</p><p>Denna studie visar på en signifikant ökning av lågtrycksförekomst norr om 60°N och ett signifikant avtagande söder om 60°N. För lågtryckens styrka påvisas en signifikant positiv trend för båda dessa områden. Vid en analys för var och en av månaderna oktober-mars visas att det är under framförallt månaderna januari och februari som lågtrycken med tiden förflyttats norrut och att ingen sådan trend finns för oktober och november. Mellan årens högsta uppmätta snödjup i norra Sverige och lågtrycksfrekvensen kring norra Skandinavien finns en positiv korrelation. För medeltemperaturen på norra halvklotet och över vilka breddgrader cykloner mestadels rör sig under december-mars finns en samvariation, vid varmare förhållanden förflyttas cyklonbanorna norrut. En positiv korrelation finns mellan antal lågtryck norr om 60°N och temperaturen i Abisko.</p><p>För vintrar, som i Abisko hade vitt skilda snöförhållanden, märks en avvikelse för vilka månader som lågtrycksfrekvensen kring norra Skandinavien var hög. Då snötäcket innehöll många isiga lager var lågtrycksfrekvensen hög i början och i slutet av vintern medan den var låg för månaderna i mitten. Det omvända skedde då snötäcket istället var ovanligt poröst.</p><p>En stark samvariation finns mellan den nordatlantiska oscillationen (NAO) och lågtrycksfrekvens i de olika delarna norr och söder om 60°N av det undersökta området. Vid höga NAO-index ökar frekvensen i det norra området medan det minskar i det södra. Vid låga NAO-index sker det omvända.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Nyckelord:</em></strong><em> cykloner, lågtryck, återanalysdata, ERA-40, snö, Abisko</em></p><p> </p> / <p>Abstract</p><p><strong>Climatologic study of cyclone tracks over Europe and linkage to snow conditions in northern Sweden</strong></p><p><em>Jakob Inghammar</em></p><p>In the last decades the temperature in the atmosphere has been increasing. One plausible effect of this is a change in frequency and intensity of the extratropical cyclones.<strong> </strong>The appearance of the extratropical cyclones is crucial for the weather conditions and climate at the latitudes where they exist. Hence it is relevant to examine if the frequency of them are related to snow conditions and temperatures. This has been investigated over the north part of the Atlantic Ocean and Europe through detection of local minima in reanalysis data (ERA 40) regarding the sea level pressure for the months October-Mars for the years 1960-1999.</p><p>The result for cyclone frequency display a significant increase in the region north of 60°N and at the same time a significant decrease in the region south of 60°N. In both regions there is a significant increase for the cyclone intensity. This trend with shifting cyclone tracks to the north is most pronounced for the months January and February while no trend can be seen for the months October and November. The maximum snow depth in the northern part of Sweden every year and the frequency of cyclones around northern Scandinavia are positively correlated. The mean temperature of the northern hemisphere and at which latitudes the cyclone tracks mostly exist during December-Mars co-varies. For the same months a positive correlation exists for the number of cyclones in the region north of 60°N and the mean temperature in Abisko.</p><p>Different winters in Abisko with very diverse snow conditions also experienced diverseness concerning cyclone frequency around northern Scandinavia. During the winters when the snow cover was holding many icy layers; the frequency was high in the beginning and in the end of the winter seasons while the cyclone frequency was low in the middle. When the snow cover instead was very porous, the cyclone frequency occurs in the opposite way.</p><p>A strong covariance exists between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the number of cyclones in each region north and south of 60°N of the examined area. When the NAO-index is positive the frequency of cyclones is elevated in the north region and at the same time reduced in the south region, when the NAO-index is negative the opposite occur.</p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> cyclones, reanalysis data, ERA-40, snow, Abisko</em></p><p> </p>

Referat Klimatologisk studie av cyklonbanor över Europa med koppling till snöförhållanden i norra Sverige Jakob Inghammar Under de senaste decennierna har temperaturen i atmosfären ökat. En sannolik effekt av detta är en förändring av förekomst och styrka för de utomtropiska cyklonerna. Deras uppträdande spelar en betydande roll för väder och klimat över de områden där de förekommer, därför är det relevant att undersöka om samvariationer för dem existerar med till exempel snöförhållanden och temperaturer. För att utforska detta har lågtryck över norra Atlanten och Europa identifierats ur återanalysdata (ERA-40) under månaderna oktober-mars för åren 1960-1999. Denna studie visar på en signifikant ökning av lågtrycksförekomst norr om 60°N och ett signifikant avtagande söder om 60°N. För lågtryckens styrka påvisas en signifikant positiv trend för båda dessa områden. Vid en analys för var och en av månaderna oktober-mars visas att det är under framförallt månaderna januari och februari som lågtrycken med tiden förflyttats norrut och att ingen sådan trend finns för oktober och november. Mellan årens högsta uppmätta snödjup i norra Sverige och lågtrycksfrekvensen kring norra Skandinavien finns en positiv korrelation. För medeltemperaturen på norra halvklotet och över vilka breddgrader cykloner mestadels rör sig under december-mars finns en samvariation, vid varmare förhållanden förflyttas cyklonbanorna norrut. En positiv korrelation finns mellan antal lågtryck norr om 60°N och temperaturen i Abisko. För vintrar, som i Abisko hade vitt skilda snöförhållanden, märks en avvikelse för vilka månader som lågtrycksfrekvensen kring norra Skandinavien var hög. Då snötäcket innehöll många isiga lager var lågtrycksfrekvensen hög i början och i slutet av vintern medan den var låg för månaderna i mitten. Det omvända skedde då snötäcket istället var ovanligt poröst. En stark samvariation finns mellan den nordatlantiska oscillationen (NAO) och lågtrycksfrekvens i de olika delarna norr och söder om 60°N av det undersökta området. Vid höga NAO-index ökar frekvensen i det norra området medan det minskar i det södra. Vid låga NAO-index sker det omvända.   Nyckelord: cykloner, lågtryck, återanalysdata, ERA-40, snö, Abisko / Abstract Climatologic study of cyclone tracks over Europe and linkage to snow conditions in northern Sweden Jakob Inghammar In the last decades the temperature in the atmosphere has been increasing. One plausible effect of this is a change in frequency and intensity of the extratropical cyclones. The appearance of the extratropical cyclones is crucial for the weather conditions and climate at the latitudes where they exist. Hence it is relevant to examine if the frequency of them are related to snow conditions and temperatures. This has been investigated over the north part of the Atlantic Ocean and Europe through detection of local minima in reanalysis data (ERA 40) regarding the sea level pressure for the months October-Mars for the years 1960-1999. The result for cyclone frequency display a significant increase in the region north of 60°N and at the same time a significant decrease in the region south of 60°N. In both regions there is a significant increase for the cyclone intensity. This trend with shifting cyclone tracks to the north is most pronounced for the months January and February while no trend can be seen for the months October and November. The maximum snow depth in the northern part of Sweden every year and the frequency of cyclones around northern Scandinavia are positively correlated. The mean temperature of the northern hemisphere and at which latitudes the cyclone tracks mostly exist during December-Mars co-varies. For the same months a positive correlation exists for the number of cyclones in the region north of 60°N and the mean temperature in Abisko. Different winters in Abisko with very diverse snow conditions also experienced diverseness concerning cyclone frequency around northern Scandinavia. During the winters when the snow cover was holding many icy layers; the frequency was high in the beginning and in the end of the winter seasons while the cyclone frequency was low in the middle. When the snow cover instead was very porous, the cyclone frequency occurs in the opposite way. A strong covariance exists between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the number of cyclones in each region north and south of 60°N of the examined area. When the NAO-index is positive the frequency of cyclones is elevated in the north region and at the same time reduced in the south region, when the NAO-index is negative the opposite occur. Keywords: cyclones, reanalysis data, ERA-40, snow, Abisko