Min uppsats handlar om situationer där jag har svårt att fördela min uppmärksamhet. Mitt fokus läggs antingen på barnet med speciella behov eller på barngruppen. I essän för jag en diskussion runt mitt eget förhållningssätt kring detta. Den senaste tiden har vi upplevt en trend att barn med särskilda behov ska inkluderas i all skolverksamhet. Syftet är naturligtvis gott, men min upplevelse är att det ibland kan leda till en ny form av exkludering. Det vill säga att de barn som inte fungerar som förväntat kan känna sig ännu mer utanför vilket kan få konsekvenser för att uppnå kunskapsmålen. Hur kan jag hantera detta som pedagog? I min essä undersöker jag problemet med hjälp av ett antal etiska teorier, pliktetik, utilitarism, diskursetik och fronetisk etik.

The introduced diploma thesis deals with the application of ethics in social work in Open door youth club Cross in Strakonice, where the Roma are the target group of clients. The diploma thesis is divided into three parts. The first chapter deals with the everyday problems of Romany people, from the history to social situation of Romany ethnic group of nowadays. The question of education of the Roma in Czech school system is also included there. The aim of the second chapter is to introduce the Open door youth club Cross, to present the role of this organisation, its principles, aims and its target group of clients who are very often considered to be in unfavourable life and social situations. The third chapter is the fundamental part of the diploma thesis. The main focus is on moral acting of social workers and on the sense, necessity and application of ethic rules in social work, especially while working with Roma clients in Open door youth club Cross.

“Whose needs come first?” is a scientific essay based on a self-experienced story about astudent in difficulties in school. It leads us to a dilemma about which students me as a youthworker in school and the after-school center should prioritize – a child in difficulties who is inneed of a lot of extra help and support but who also is very disturbing to others, or the rest ofthe students. The purpose of this scientific essay is to investigate who you judiciously shouldact towards the individual student and towards the whole class. Furthermore, the purpose isalso to examine how the schools' resources are generally distributed in school, how they aredistributed to children in need, which effect a diagnosis on a child could have on theallocation of resources, and how the parents' involvement could influence these decisions. The methods used to write the scientific essay are both the essay-writing itself, and also withrelevant literature present information from previous research, which connects to the purposeand the question formulations which are based on the purpose. Then, via a discussion andreflection highlight both the relevant and applicable on the self-experienced story, but alsocriticize the literature, because it is not often as applicable in the school’s reality as it soundseasy in the literature. Ethical and moral discussions are also an important aspect of the essay. This essay illuminates the difficulties of putting all the situations and all the students underthe same roof facing a dilemma, and that a lot of different factors could influence the outcomeof the situation, such as the environment, socioeconomic factors, background, culturalpreferences, and allocation of resources. / ”Vems behov kommer först?” är en vetenskaplig essä med utgångspunkt i en berättelse om enelev i svårigheter. Den leder oss fram till ett dilemma som handlar om vilka elever jag som fritidshemslärare i klassrummet och på fritidshemmet ska prioritera – ett barn i svårigheter som är i behov av mycket extra hjälp och stöd men som även stör klassen, eller resten aveleverna? Essäns syfte är att undersöka hur man omdömesfullt agerar gentemot den enskilda eleven och gentemot hela klassen. Syftet är även att undersöka hur skolans resurser fördelas generellt samt till barn i behov av extra stöd, och vilken påverkan en diagnos kan ha på resursfördelningen, samt hur föräldrarnas delaktighet i dessa beslut kan påverka. Metoden som använts till essäskrivandet är, förutom essäskrivandet i sig, att med relevant litteratur presentera information från tidigare forskning kopplat till syftet och frågeställningarna, vilka är baserade på syftet, och sedan med hjälp av diskussion och reflektion lyfta fram både det relevanta och tillämpbara på berättelsen, men även kritiseralitteraturen då det inte är lika tillämpbart i verkligheten i skolan som de får det att låta i teorin. Etik och moral är även en viktig aspekt som tas upp och diskuteras. Denna essä belyser svårigheterna med att dra alla situationer och elever över samma kam – att bland annat omgivning, socioekonomi, bakgrund, kultur och resursfördelning kan ha stor påverkan på situationers utfall.

The thesis deals with ethical dilemmas that the author identified during the process of transformation of residency social care facilities. The aim of the work is to theoretically describe dilemmas identified and subsequently outline the procedure for their solution. The aim of the core part of the work, where is selected dilemma discussed using two ethical theories, is to point out the way these theories can help to solve the ethical dilemmas. The work is divided into five parts, the first of which defines the concepts, the process of transformation and the specifics of the target group of persons with mental disabilities. In the second part emphasises the role of the social worker in dealing with ethical dilemmas and the author generally deals with ethical problems and dilemmas from several points of view and addresses the question of responsibility of a social worker for the ethically-based decision in the specific situation of transformation. The third section describes the specific ethical dilemmas that have been identified during the transformation process, including identifying possible solutions. In the fourth part is the one selected ethical dilemma discussed with the aid of two ethical theories, deontology and consequentialism. In the final fifth part, the discussion, is thinking about benefits and the real possibilities of using ethical theories in social work practice and their meaningful link.

The paper focuses on ethic issues and dilemmas which are connected with hospice care and makes emphasis on the actual problem of dying process and death alone. The thesis has a theoretical characteristic.