Esta dissertação investigou, através de um estudo de caso de uma instituição de ensino superior privada, o estágio supervisionado de professores no curso de Licenciatura para a Língua Inglesa. Embora tenha o propósito de promover uma experiência prática no local de trabalho, observa-se que o estágio supervisionado obrigatório, pela legislação, para o professor se formar muitas vezes se torna um momento de frustrações para o estagiário. Identificando os conceitos teóricos desse tipo de estágio, esta Investigação indicou que a burocracia interfere na construção de identidade, na formação e preparação do professor. Esta experiência singular pode, no entanto, ser um evento gratificante no percurso do estagiário se houver a devida orientação. A investigação conclui que com a adoção de uma abordagem sociológica, etnográfica e dialética para uma pesquisa inicial é de grande relevância, os estagiários tenderão a mitigar as frustrações relacionadas à documentação e envolver-se numa investigação valiosa a respeito de: o que é um professor, o que ele faz, quem sou eu (estagiário) e que tipo de professor eu quero ser. Argumento, portanto, que a participação ativa e engajada nesse momento da carreira do professor, é essencial para promover uma formação inovadora de professor para um mundo moderno e em constante mudança. / This dissertation has investigated, by means of a case study in a private college, supervised teachers internships at Teachers College for English teachers. Despite proposing hands-on experience in the work place, the supervised internship, legally mandatory for teachers to graduate, quite often turns out to be a moment of frustration for the teacher-to-be. By bringing to light the theoretical background of such an internship, this investigation indicates that bureaucracy interferes in the construction of identity, as well as in a teachers education and preparation. This unique experience can, however, be a fulfilling event in the interns journey if it is given the due orientation. The investigation has concluded that by adopting a sociological, ethnographic and dialectic approach to such an initial yet significant research paper, interns will be more inclined to see beyond the red tape and involve themselves in a rewarding investigation of: what a teacher is, what a teacher does, who am I and what kind of teacher do I wish to be. I therefore argue that active and engaging participation at this point in an interns career is essential for promoting innovative teacher education for the modern, everchanging world.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T19:26:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marineavicentinadacruz.pdf: 760260 bytes, checksum: 617fb1085fbc1e4daadfc50df84127b7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-02T13:18:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marineavicentinadacruz.pdf: 760260 bytes, checksum: 617fb1085fbc1e4daadfc50df84127b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-02T13:18:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marineavicentinadacruz.pdf: 760260 bytes, checksum: 617fb1085fbc1e4daadfc50df84127b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-13 / Este trabalho pretende analisar as percepções de professores do ensino fundamental sobre as causas de um possível processo de adoecimento, advindo de sua atividade profissional. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa feita através da análise da prática educativa em uma escola pública de ensino fundamental no município de Juiz de Fora – Minas Gerais, ente 2010 e 2011. Ancorado na pesquisa etnográfica, este estudo pretende analisar as condições de trabalho, as relações sociais envolvidas na instituição escolar e, a partir disto, tentar entender este processo de adoecimento, conhecido como “mal-estar docente”, não por uma abordagem, estritamente, biológica, mas, sim, levando em consideração as várias nuances envolvidas no ambiente escolar, onde o olhar antropológico é a lente principal. Além disso, como estratégia de complementação à observação de campo, foi aplicado o instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) que tem por finalidade avaliar o grau de stress de profissionais como professores, policiais, médicos e enfermeiros, o qual revelou um alto grau de exaustão por parte dos professores desta escola. / This work aims at analyzing the understanding, by elementary and middle school teachers, of the causes of a potential illness condition related to their professional activities. Educational activities were qualitatively analyzed in a public school in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, between 2010 and 2011. Based on the principles of the Ethnographic Research, such activities were studied in regards to work conditions and social relations inside the school environment. The main purpose of such an analysis is to understand this illness condition, known as faculty indisposition, not only in a strictly biological approach, but also taking into consideration the several causes related to the educational environment, in which the anthropological approach is key. Moreover, in complementation to the field work, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), developed for evaluating the stress level of teachers, policemen, doctors and nurses, was applied. Results showed a high level of exhaustion by the part of teachers in the school studied.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T19:38:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marineavicentinadacruz.pdf: 760260 bytes, checksum: 617fb1085fbc1e4daadfc50df84127b7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-05T14:34:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marineavicentinadacruz.pdf: 760260 bytes, checksum: 617fb1085fbc1e4daadfc50df84127b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T14:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marineavicentinadacruz.pdf: 760260 bytes, checksum: 617fb1085fbc1e4daadfc50df84127b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-13 / Este trabalho pretende analisar as percepções de professores do ensino fundamental sobre as causas de um possível processo de adoecimento, advindo de sua atividade profissional. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa feita através da análise da prática educativa em uma escola pública de ensino fundamental no município de Juiz de Fora – Minas Gerais, ente 2010 e 2011. Ancorado na pesquisa etnográfica, este estudo pretende analisar as condições de trabalho, as relações sociais envolvidas na instituição escolar e, a partir disto, tentar entender este processo de adoecimento, conhecido como “mal-estar docente”, não por uma abordagem, estritamente, biológica, mas, sim, levando em consideração as várias nuances envolvidas no ambiente escolar, onde o olhar antropológico é a lente principal. Além disso, como estratégia de complementação à observação de campo, foi aplicado o instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) que tem por finalidade avaliar o grau de stress de profissionais como professores, policiais, médicos e enfermeiros, o qual revelou um alto grau de exaustão por parte dos professores desta escola. / This work aims at analyzing the understanding, by elementary and middle school teachers, of the causes of a potential illness condition related to their professional activities. Educational activities were qualitatively analyzed in a public school in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, between 2010 and 2011. Based on the principles of the Ethnographic Research, such activities were studied in regards to work conditions and social relations inside the school environment. The main purpose of such an analysis is to understand this illness condition, known as faculty indisposition, not only in a strictly biological approach, but also taking into consideration the several causes related to the educational environment, in which the anthropological approach is key. Moreover, in complementation to the field work, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), developed for evaluating the stress level of teachers, policemen, doctors and nurses, was applied. Results showed a high level of exhaustion by the part of teachers in the school studied.

Ghana, a low-income developing country in sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing low maternal health service utilization and high rates of maternal mortality, especially in the rural areas. The Talensi-Nabdam District is one of the poorest and most remote districts in Ghana. The reproductive health status of women in the most remote communities in this District is poor. Dialogue about women’s reproductive health care needs in Ghana have been influenced by health care authorities, professionals, researchers and experts’ perceptions. The purpose of this ethnographic research was to explore rural Ghanaian women’s experiences of seeking reproductive health care from their own perspectives. The study was based on data collected from participant observations, unstructured face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. A total of 27 women of varying socio-demographic backgrounds participated in the study. Interviews were conducted at locations of the women’s choice and in women’s local dialect. Data were translated and transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Four major themes emerged from the findings: submitting to the voices of family, women’s experiences of receiving nursing care, the community of gossip, and gaining voice. The findings of this study have implications for nursing practice, education and nursing inquiry. Awareness of barriers that rural women encounter in meeting their reproductive health care needs among health care providers is important in facilitating positive health care seeking behaviours. Nurse educators should orient themselves to the challenges to meeting women’s health care needs, and include in culturally sensitive approaches in nursing education programs. Further research is needed to investigate strategies that will enhance women’s reproductive health care seeking behaviours in rural settings and to focus on women’s perspectives in particular. In addition, research is needed to examine nurses’ perspectives on factors that influence quality care delivery to address women’s reproductive health issues. / Health and Social Development, Faculty of (Okanagan) / Nursing, School of (Okanagan) / Graduate

The diploma thesis focuses on the development cooperation and implementation of projects in local cultures using example of Ugandan community from the Lusanja village. The aim of this thesis is to describe the impact of development cooperation on the community and its expectations, to map the dialogue among the various actors of the project and to provide feedback to the Western non-profit organizations from the local culture. Based on field research conducted using ethnographic methods, the thesis brings an emic perspective of the local community to the Western idea of development cooperation. The emic perspective is mostly omitted from the development discourse, eventhough it could significantly affect the sustainability of implemented projects in developing countries. The thesis also covers the daily life of the Lusanja people. Key words: development cooperation, local community, NGOs, Uganda, sustainable development, ethnographic research

Nous interrogeons à La Réunion, dans une perspective écologique fondée sur la théorie du rhizome et la philosophie du réseau, la marge de négociation des politiques linguistiques par les enseignants. Pour cela, nous avons opté pour une enquête qualitative et privilégié l’approche ethnographique et l’analyse critique du discours de classe. Les résultats montrent que, parmi les trois hypothèses proposées, celle concernant l’impact des activités d’éveil aux langues sur la prise en compte des langues des élèves comme ressources pour toute la classe se trouve confirmée, dès lors qu’elle donne lieu au développement de stratégies de translanguaging à visée de transformation sociale plus qu’à des stratégies compensatoires engendrées par une vision « langue-problème ». L’étude conclut à la priorité d’axer la formation d’enseignants sur une initiation à la recherche ethnographique dans le cadre d’ateliers sociodidactiques ayant pour finalité le développement d’une conscience critique du langage. / We question – from an ecological perspective here based on rhizome theory and the philosophy of network – the extent to which teachers in Reunion Island negotiate language policies through their implementation of plurilingual education. On the methodological level, we opted for a qualitative survey and an ethnographic approach as well as a critical analysis of classroom discourse. The results show that, among the three hypotheses proposed, the one concerning the impact of language awareness activities upon the mobilization of school students’ languages as resources for the whole class is confirmed, provided that it gives rise to the development of translanguaging and social transformation strategies more than compensatory strategies generated by a language-problem-vision. The study concludes on the priority to focus teacher training on an introduction to ethnographic research in sociodidactic workshops which purpose would be the development of a critical awareness of language.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal a análise e a discussão das contradições das concepções de bons professores de Inglês como língua estrangeira. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa em que procedemos à coleta de dados, constituídos de observações de aulas de Língua Inglesa (18 horas) e entrevistas com alunos, professores e diretores (20 horas) de duas escolas públicas da grande São Paulo. O quadro teórico-metodológico que fundamenta nosso estudo é baseado na perspectiva etnográfica de pesquisa aplicada à sala de aula, a qual ressalta, principalmente, os aspectos intersubjetivo e ideológico que estruturam os fenômenos sociais. Abordamos, igualmente, o conceito de habitus pedagógico elaborado por Bourdieu e Passeron a fim de investigarmos a nossa hipótese, a saber: como concepções heterogêneas e conflitantes de bons professores de Inglês como língua estrangeira emergem das experiências dos sujeitos que compõem as comunidades escolares estudadas. Dado o caráter instável e conflitante do habitus pedagógico, concluímos que não há evidências de uma interpretação monolítica que possam ser depreendidas dos repertórios discursivos dos alunos, professores e diretores das comunidades escolares. Concluímos, também, a partir das críticas e das re-visões do conceito de habitus, que as questões relacionadas às mudanças sociais e à democracia na educação devem ser entendidas fora da imobilidade social apregoada pelo conceito de habitus, tornando-se necessário ir além dos preceitos difundidos pelas perspectivas reprodutivistas em educação. Propomos esse deslocamento levando em conta os pressupostos da pedagogia crítica e da possibilidade, os quais vislumbram uma conscientização mais democrática e transformadora do processo de ensino/aprendizagem no ensino público. / The main purpose of the present dissertation is the analysis and discussion of the contradictory conceptions of good teachers of English as a foreign language. To carry this study out, we focused on the data research analysis which is based on English Language classes observation (18 hours) and interviews with students, teachers and school directors (20 hours) from two state school communities in the greater São Paulo region. Our theoretical and methodological framework includes the ethnographic research perspective and attitude applied to the classroom which postulates principally the inter subjective and ideological character of social phenomena. The concept of pedagogical habitus proposed by Bourdieu and Passeron is put forward in order to investigate our hypothesis, namely, how heterogeneous and conflicting good teachers of English conceptions emerged from the subjects experiences which shape the investigated pedagogical cultural loci. On account of the unstable and conflicting character of the pedagogical habitus, we reach the conclusion that neither a safe ground nor a monolithic interpretation can be visualized in students, teachers and school directors discourse repertoires. It is concluded, through the questioning and re-vision of the habitus concept, that issues of social changes and democracy in education has to be understood out of the social immobility which the habitus concept suggests; furthermore, it is relevant to go beyond the educational reproductive perspectives assumptions as well. Consequently, we propose such a dislocation taking into account the critical and possibility pedagogies insights as a wider response to a more democratic and transformative public schooling education consciousness.

The theoretical part is devoted to an explanation of the issue. Specifics of services are outlined as well as trends that will shape future services. A service design is presented as a main topic. Its aim is to find all customer-service "touchpoints", to discover a customer's journey through the service and, on the basis of these inputs, to innovate the service for the highest customer satisfaction and efficiency for a provider on the other hand. There are also presented arguments for the service design as well as methods how services can be improved -- "customer journey map", "personas", own experience with the service, "ethnographic research" and "webdesign". These methods are also used in a practical part. The practical use of the service design is shown on a business "Glasses home". Its focus is a sale of glasses through an e-shop bryle-domu.cz as well as through a patented self-service optician "Optiscont". Using the previously introduced methods, a survey for "Glasses home" is realised. The survey have two phases. The first phase is devoted to the testing of a service prototype, the second phase is devoted to the complex assessment of the service that has been innovated based on the first phase. The final part is devoted to interpretation of results. Based on the practical part, a "customer journey map" is compiled, including "personas" -- archetypes of service customers. The "reservoir of good will" is used to present the strengths and weaknesses of the service. Finally, recommendations for innovations are formulated. The main message is to simplify the website, to explain the "Optiscont" concept to customers at the point of sale and to focus on interconnecting all touchpoints.

<p>The study&rsquo / s main starting premises is that there is a disjuncture between the rich educational engagements of these students in their environmental space and how their learning practices are framed, informed and positioned in the institutional space. My study is underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm in terms of which I set out to describe and understand the meanings that the student respondents assign to their learning practices when they are involved in discursive practices of speaking, knowing, doing, reading and writing. Qualitative research instruments: field notes, participant and non-participant observations and formal and informal interviews were used in order to answer my research question and achieve the desired research aims of this thesis. The findings are presented in a narrative format after deriving at categories and themes using narrative analysis. Finally, my research shows how these students are positioned in and by their lived spaces (whether environmental or institutional) in specific ways, and they, based on their own resources, networks and interactions, and by exercising their agency, actively construct their own spaces of learning. I describe these active constructions by these students as their &lsquo / conceptual space of learning&rsquo / to highlight the complex ways in which they go about to establish their learning practices in their lived spaces. The study provides an analysis of the basis upon which each of these four students go about constructing their learning practices.</p>

The current political dispensation in South Africa has, as was the case in the past, undoubtedly had a major influence on the language patterns of the country. The 1996 Constitution now provides official recognition of the main indigenous languages. Despite this entrenchment, there is evidence that English is seen as the vehicle to the future. This study focuses on the factors that may influence the learning and teaching of Afrikaans as a second additional language in black schools in the Potchefstroom district. In order to achieve this task, a triangulation approach was used. A literature study was done to provide prior information to understanding the current language situation. Interviews were conducted with the respondents as well as the teachers of Afrikaans and the classes were observed and recorded. Questionnaires followed which were completed by the learners as well as their teachers. The objectives of the empirical study were to determine which factors might influence the teaching and learning of Afrikaans as an additional language for both the learners and the teachers, as well as to determine what the implications of such findings for the teaching and learning of Afrikaans as an additional language are. The findings of this study confirm the influence of several factors (socio-political, socio cultural and individual) on Afrikaans. The results indicated that there is a positive attitude towards Afrikaans and that the learners are eager to learn Afrikaans. What is clear, is that it is imperative to take note of these factors to guide the learners towards self regulated study, especially Afrikaans as an additional language. The results also revealed that the education of the teachers need to be addressed to prevent irrevocable damage to Afrikaans and to the relationships between the diverse cultures in our country. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.