The research study provided a cultural description and interpretation of how Teachers Network Learning Circle’s participants related, worked and learned with each other, and how they developed and changed within a predominantly symmetrical or consensual power relationship. The participants, consisting of six Singapore primary teachers at grade 4, were engaged in group discussions that were spread over a period of one year to complete an action research project which is integrated in day-to-day work. Teachers Network Learning Circle, a formal professional development platform, employs distinctive tools for dialogue and inquiry based on the principles of voluntary participation, reflection, change and trust. The fundamental reason for choosing this site is its potential to empower and emancipate teachers evident from not only the principles and practices it espouses, but also its vision and mission that is consistent with its motto “For Teachers, By Teachers”. The literature on education change and reforms has point towards teacher empowerment for successful education change. In this regard, investing in teacher professional development and professionalism is important. The literature also point towards embracing a sociological perspective evident in the notions of community and socio-cultural theory, and bringing to bear emotions, values and identity in teacher learning – and thus investing in the ‘whole person’ (Day, 1997). As power underlies all social relations and activities including teachers’ learning, the research study took into consideration the perspectives of critical theory of Habermas, Brookfield and Mezirow. The findings of the study found that symmetrical power relation contributed to teacher development and change. First, it had contributed to a collegial collaborative relationship that took into account of emotions, moral, identity development and group solidarity. Second, it had contributed to the consciousness, critique and co-construction of professional knowledge. Third, it had empowered participants insofar as it built participants’ capacities to act successfully within an existing system and structures of power. The symmetrical power relation was undergirded by rules and principles of democratic participation as outlined by Habermas’ discourse ethics. The findings also revealed the importance of support given by the school principal and Teachers Network personnel in protecting democratic spaces, or Habermas’ concept of the lifeworld, from the system imperatives of power and money.

This thesis constitutes an interpretive ethnography of children’s educational experiences in rural Rwanda. It advances a theoretical argument for conceptualizing subjectivity, one which attends to how impersonal forces of political economy and history converge to inform children’s awareness, expectations, and perceptions of possibility. A decade ago, children from poor families in Rwanda had few opportunities to continue their studies beyond primary school. With the government’s recent introduction of basic education, more children now have access to more years in the formal education system—yet, poor education quality excluded them from meaningful participation within that system. Study findings suggest that children’s schooling functions as a contradictory resource: the same education policy reforms that aim to transform Rwanda into a knowledge-based economy have also introduced the perception of inequalities along the lines of economic status, ethnicity, language, and geographic location. The core of my study included a collaboration with 16 focal students. Their subjective experiences were the microcosm through which I investigated the nexus of individual and collective processes. Students grappled with what value their education had, what status it would confer, and whether it would lead to opportunities for social mobility. However, in absence of alternatives, most felt obliged to continue their studies—even as their educational experience produced a growing sense of disillusionment.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:36:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese trata dos processos sociais de inserção das mulheres no universo do futebol clubístico no Brasil. A partir de uma etnografia sobre o Núcleo de Mulheres Gremistas e o Espaço da Mulher Colorada, grupos vinculados ao Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense e ao Sport Club Internacional, respectivamente, tomados nesta pesquisa como casos exemplares do “lugar” simbólico da mulher no mundo do futebol, discuti a participação feminina neste esporte, em dimensões físicas, políticas e simbólicas. Vali-me, em termos metodológicos, de entrevistas e de depoimentos de integrantes dos referidos grupos, além de fotografias e observação participante nas reuniões, festividades e ações solidárias promovidas por estes. No que diz respeito às questões teóricas, dialoguei com os estudos de gênero, com o intuito de pensar as relações estabelecidas entre homens e mulheres no campo esportivo, sobretudo no futebol brasileiro. A revisão bibliográfica sobre a produção cultural futebolística incluiu, além de obras acadêmicas e literár / This thesis issues the processes of feminine participation in football clubs in Brazil. Since an ethnographic research about the “Núcleo de Mulheres Gremistas” and the “Espaço da Mulher Colorada”, feminine groups respectively related to the clubs “Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense” and “Sport Club Internacional”, taken as examples of “women’s place” in professional football clubs in Brazil, the feminine participation in physical, political and symbolic terms were discussed. Methodologically, the research relayed on interviews with members of both groups, as well as photographs and participant observation on meetings, parties and social actions promoted by them. In theoretical terms, the thesis discusses gender and sports, mainly the gendered social consumption of football in Brazil. An analysis of the cultural production related to football in Brazil were made, and included academic bibliography, as well as films, literature and music, showing that football world, as an universe of action is still a male-cente

Essa dissertação é fruto de uma etnografia realizada por pouco mais de três anos na unidade da Missão Paz, uma instituição do terceiro setor vinculada à Igreja Nossa Senhora da Paz, no Glicério, centro de São Paulo, onde trabalhei como professor voluntário de português para imigrantes, além de auxiliar em outros serviços. Meu estudo enfoca as diversas relações de sociabilidade, permeadas pela noção de ajuda, dos imigrantes haitianos em São Paulo em confronto com diversos tipos de preconceito social, entre os quais aqueles marcados pela raça, pela classe, pela etnia, pala nacionalidade e pelo gênero. Trata-se de uma etnografia que analisa a formação de grupos imigrantes na cidade; os enquadramentos, os estereótipos e as categorias brasileiras sobre os haitianos; o contexto da marginalização social de imigrantes no espaço urbano; as sociabilidades haitianas citadinas; as aulas de português para estrangeiros; e as relações de ajuda e preconceito a nível público, institucional e social em São Paulo. / This M.A. thesis is the result of an ethnography carried out for more than three years at the Peace Mission unit of Nossa Senhora da Paz Church, a third sector institution, at the neighborhood of Glicério, central São Paulo, where I worked as a volunteer teacher of Portuguese for immigrants, as well as assisting in other services. My study focuses on the various social relations permeated by the notion of help, in which Haitian immigrants in Sao Paulo confronted various types of social prejudice, including those marked by race, class, ethnicity, nationality and gender. This ethnography analyzes the formation of immigrant groups in the city of São Paulo; the frames, stereotypes and categories about Haitians mobilized by local Brazilians; the context of social marginalization of immigrants in the urban space; the Haitian sociability; the Portuguese classes for foreigners; and the relations of help and prejudice at the public, the institutional and the social levels.

Proponho-me, nesta Tese, explorar como se constrói e se perpetua um grupo de pesquisa básica comportamental em modelo animal a partir de um laboratório universitário de neurociências voltado para o estudo da memória. Em particular, através do rastreio das práticas científicas e de suas várias ramificações, procuro entender o processo de produção de pesquisa básica comportamental no Sul do Brasil, levando em consideração desde os recursos materiais escassos até os custos emocionais elevados dos seus pesquisadores para manter um laboratório multiespécies. Travo diálogos antropológicos com humanos, ratos e drogas – aqui considerados os principais atores desse local específico de produção de conhecimentos. Nesse caso, para produzir a (neuro) ciência de base é preciso mobilizar parceiros multiespécies, incorrendo em um tipo de aprendizagem mútua planejada e, ao mesmo tempo, inesperada. Junto a cientistas e ratos, as drogas funcionam como um terceiro ator fundamental na viabilidade de relações produtivas. Rastreando parcerias institucionais, artefatos de laboratório, protocolos e práticas ligados à experimentação e à gramática usada para compor a ciência nesse lugar, investigo a maneira com que elementos heterogêneos demandam cuidado constante na manutenção de sua associação voltada a produzir conhecimento. Também considero a forma processual e contínua da aprendizagem exigida para coordenar esses elementos heterogêneos em nome da promessa que a ciência encarna. / Through the ethnographic study of a university neuroscience laboratory in Southern Brazil, I propose in this thesis to explore how a behavioral research group focused on the study of memory is built and perpetuated. In particular, by following the various ramifications of certain scientific practices connected with animal experimentation, I seek to understand the production of basic research, taking into account the full array of inputs – from scarce material resources to high emotional costs for researchers – required to maintain a multispecies laboratory in this Latin American setting. My dialogue engages with humans, rats and drugs - considered here the major actors of this specific site of knowledge production. To produce this basic (neuro) science one must mobilize multispecies partners, engaging in a kind of mutual learning that is both planned and unexpected. Together with rats and scientists, drugs act as a third fundamental actor in the definition of productive relationships. Tracing institutional partnerships, laboratory artifacts, protocols, and practices linked to experimentation and the grammar used to compose science in this laboratory, I investigate the way in which heterogeneous elements demand constant care in maintaining their association aimed at producing knowledge. I also consider the processual and continuous forms of learning required to coordinate these heterogeneous elements in name of the promises embodied in science.

En 1761, financée par le Roi de Danemark, une expédition scientifique part pour le Yémen, un philologue, un naturaliste, un astronome cartographe, un médecin, un artiste, un domestique : ils doivent y séjourner deux à trois ans et en rapporter un maximum d’informations sur le pays, sur ses langues présentes et anciennes, notamment sur le vocabulaire botanique et animal qui pourrait être mis en liaison avec les langues de la Bible, hébreu et araméen, et des cartes précises fondées sur les observations astronomiques. Cinq mois après l’arrivée dans le pays, le décès du philologue, suivi bientôt de ceux du naturaliste, du domestique et du dessinateur, incitera les deux survivants à partir pour l’Inde, où le médecin succombera rapidement. Resté seul, et rentrant par le Golfe Persique, la Mésopotamie et la Turquie, l’astronome cartographe Niebuhr continuera à effectuer les observations et mesures pour lesquelles il avait été formé, et y ajoutera dans tous les domaines où il le pourra la collecte d’informations ou les travaux du ressort de ses compagnons décédés, se muant ainsi en véritable ethnographe. De retour au Danemark, Niebuhr se fera l’éditeur de quatre volumes en allemand pour lui-même plus trois volumes en latin pour les travaux du naturaliste. Bien que très tard dans sa vie il ait été élu associé étranger de l’Institut national, surtout pour ses travaux ethnographiques et notamment la copie exacte d’inscriptions cunéiformes à Persépolis, ses travaux proprement astronomiques et cartographiques n’ont jamais été vraiment mis sous les yeux des savants francophones : combler cette lacune tout en rappelant le succès de l’expédition danoise est un des buts du présent travail. / In 1761 an expedition funded by the King of Denmark embarks for Yemen. It comprises a philologist, a naturalist, an astronomer-cartographer, a physician, a draughtsman and a servant. They are expected to spend two or three years away and return with as much information as they can about the country, its current and past languages, including botanical and zoological terminology which could be linked to Biblical terms in Hebrew and Aramaic as well as detailed maps based on astronomical observations. Five months after reaching Yemen the philologist dies and so do shortly afterward the naturalist, the servant and the draughtsman which leads the two survivors to leave for India where the physician also passes away after a short while. Carsten Niebuhr, the astronomer-cartographer left by himself returns by way of the Persian Gulf, Mesopotamia and Turkey and continues to make the observations and measurements he was trained for but also takes upon himself to collect information in other fields that were to be covered by his deceased companions thereby becoming a proper ethnographer. Back in Denmark, Niebuhr publishes four volumes in German of his own work and another three in Latin from the work of the naturalist. Although he was belatedly elected a Foreign Associate of the French National Institute, for his ethnographic works mostly, including copies of cuneiform inscriptions in Persepolis, his astronomical and cartographic contributions were never really accessible to French scholars. This is one of the objectives of this research as well as reappraising the achievements of the Danish expedition to Arabia.

Esta tese está inserida no debate da relação entre religião e televisão e possui como objetivo analisar as práticas discursivas de atores religiosos no contexto televisivo, comparando três programas de três canais brasileiros distintos. o \"Em Pauta\" da Rede católica Canção Nova, o \"Mundo Maior Repórter\" da TV Mundo Maior, e o \"Fala que eu te escuto\" da Igreja Universal - para estabelecer as semelhanças e as idiossincrasias de cada um, analisando as categorias mobilizadas, o repertório posto em cena, e os significados e as variações semânticas dos termos. Esses programas, do modelo debate, possuem uma determinada configuração: propõem debates de questões candentes da sociedade brasileira; possuem três posições de fala- a figura do especialista no tema da polêmica, o âncora, responsável pelo gerenciamento do debate, e sujeitos anônimos que calcam a argumentação na própria vivência e experiência-; e, por fim, um estilo argumentativo pautado pelo jargão \"jurídico\", \"científico\" e do \"sofrimento\". Vale destacar ainda que produzem, na sua dinâmica, ordenamentos sociais, isto é, eles são modelo teóricos da sociedade que prescrevem a relação da religião com a sociedade. Desse modo, eles participam de um debate público que pretende definir suas posições na ordem social. / This thesis is inserted in the debate of the relationship between religion and television and aims to analyze the discursive practices of religious actors in the television context, comparing three programs from three different Brazilian channels. - The \"Em Pauta\" of the Rede católica Canção Nova, the \"Mundo Maior Repórter\" of TV Mundo Maior, and the \"Fala que eu te escuto\" from the Igreja Universal- to establish the similarities and idiosyncrasies of each one, analyzing the categories mobilized, the repertoire put on the scene, and the meanings and the semantic variations of the terms. These programs, of the debate model, have a certain configuration: they propose debates on burning issues of Brazilian society; they have three positions of speech - the figure of the expert on the theme of controversy, the \"centralizing presenter\", responsible for the management of the debate, and anonymous subjects who put the argument in their own life trajectory and experience; and, finally, an argumentative style based on \"legal\", \"scientific\" and \"suffering\" jargon. It is also worth mentioning that they produce, in their dynamics, social orderings, that is, they are the theoretical model of society that prescribes the relationship between religion and society. In this way, they participate in a public debate that intends to define their positions in the social order.

This thesis examines people’s attempts to (re)construct belonging and authority after rapid socio-political and economic change. It is a study of the lives of those living alongside each other in a new resettlement area in Zimbabwe a decade after ‘fast track’ land reform. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted on a series of farms in the Mazowe area (March 2012-May 2013), I show that in the uncertain socio-political context of this new resettlement area, belonging was a dynamic social process involving complex moral bonds, and relationships of dependence and obligation. ‘Fast track’ land reform can be understood as a process of state-making in which the Zimbabwean state reconfigured its relationship with its citizens via the redistribution of land. After ‘fast track’, farms were transformed from socially and politically bounded entities under the paternalistic rule of white farmers, to areas in which land beneficiaries and farm workers lived alongside one another under the rule of the ZANU PF state. Land was allocated according to ZANU PF loyalty. Farmworkers due to their associations with white farmers and oppositional politics, were rarely allocated land. Thus farms in Mazowe consisted of landless farm workers who had lived and worked in the area for generations, and landed beneficiaries who came from a variety of places. In addition, ‘fast track’ was framed in terms of redistribution rather than restitution but many chiefs saw it as an opportunity to ‘return’ to their ancestral lands. However, their claims to authority in the areas remained uncertain. I examine how people dealt with the various tensions thrown up by ‘fast track’. By leaving these tensions unresolved, a contingent stability was generated on farms, even as this was fragile. My work contributes to better understanding the socio-political effects of land reform. Research on Zimbabwean land reform has tended to rely on official framings of people’s relationships to each other and the land, and has largely failed to capture the complexity and negotiated nature of these in everyday life. Anthropological work on belonging has mostly focused on explicit claims. I show how history and the micro-politics of everyday relationships profoundly shaped local forms of belonging which crosscut state delimitations of who belonged, and what land reform meant to those living in this area.

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Filmmakers first received widespread academic attention as case studies into the increasing casualisation of labour in post-industrial economies. Their precarious existence in project-based labour markets provided much food for thought about the future of work, while their status as artists and producers of culture entered them into debates around just what art is and how to approach it. But in light of recent transformations in the cultural industries and the accompanied blurring of boundaries between production and consumption, academic understandings of the lives filmmakers lead have also been somewhat blurred. This ethnography of networks of cultural production in Beirut re-introduces filmmakers into the very sociological debates that they helped spark. Might a return to the situated experience of these theoretically and methodologically challenging people, who form workgroups and collaborate with each other repeatedly across projects as they craft their own careers, shed productive light on academic understandings of precarity, cultural production and indeed our increasingly confusing relationships with the objects around us? With that in mind, in this thesis I ask the following research question: how are networks of film production formed and maintained in Beirut? Based on an 'insider' ethnography of various film projects weaved into a mixed-methods social network analytic methodology, I adopt a relational sociological approach that conceives of production networks as akin to social worlds and find three analytic planes to delve deeper into: markets, objects and relationships. In relation to markets, I echo the argument that current classification systems of cultural production are too consumption-based and adopt a social network markets framework more sensitised towards production. Here, I find that the cyclical, project-based relationship of patronage that ties production networks to their clients is highly varied and contingent, shaping not only the process of cultural production but also its organisational structure. Further, I argue that the management of these contingencies is key to the potential repeat collaboration not just with clients (and their own social networks), but fellow producers as well. But past projects do not simply disappear once completed, they might well come back to haunt their makers. Drawing upon ethnographic and recent historical data on a number of web-series that emerged out of Beirut between 2009 and 2012, I compare using two-mode networks the past and more recent projects my interlocutors were involved in. Here, I find that one's past projects shape one's future by conducing or hindering their chances of finding new work. Moreover, and perhaps more importantly, I find that filmmakers (and those around them) increasingly define themselves (and are defined by others) in relation to the past projects they have done. Over time, though, as filmmakers collaborate on an increasing number of films, their relationships take on deeper characteristics than monochrome economic considerations. Here I draw upon the notion of embeddedness to shed light on emergent meaning at the network level across a number of projects and, therefore, the emergent social world-ness of networks. While the first set of findings relates to debates in the sociology of work and the second to those in the sociology of cultural production, my final analysis shows just how intimately the two are connected. I conclude by highlighting the potential of empirically-grounded relational sociological approaches to finessing our understandings of cultural work in its economic, social, but also material and technical contingencies.