L'application de la Directive Cadre sur l'Eau et l'obligation de surveillance de la qualité d'eau pour la consommation humaine et les activités récréatives ou industrielles, telles que la production d'eau potable, entraînent une forte demande pour des systèmes d'évaluation et de suivi de la qualité de l'eau. Le projet de recherche MIGR'HYCAR (http://www.migrhycar.com) a donc été mis en place pour répondre à un besoin opérationnel et à un défaut d'outils d'aide à la décision adaptés face aux déversements d'hydrocarbures en eaux continentales (rivières, lacs et estuaires) qui représente plus de 50% des déversements accidentels en France. Au cours du projet de recherche MIGR'HYCAR, un modèle mathématique de dérive de nappe d'hydrocarbures, composé d'un modèle lagrangien couplé à un modèle eulérien, a été développé dans la plate-forme hydro-informatique TELEMAC (http://www.opentelemac.org). Le modèle lagrangien décrit le mouvement de la nappe en surface en considérant celle-ci comme un ensemble de particules. Ainsi le modèle développé est capable de modéliser les principaux phénomènes agissant sur une nappe d'hydrocarbures une fois celle-ci déversée : convection, diffusion, échouage, re-largage, étalement, évaporation, dissolution et volatilisation. Bien que le phénomène de dissolution ne concerne qu'un très faible volume d'hydrocarbures, ce processus peut avoir des conséquences importantes du point de vue de la toxicité. Afin de suivre l'évolution du pétrole dissous, un modèle eulérien de suivi de traceurs a été adopté. La quantité de traceur dépend directement de la masse dissoute des particules lagrangiennes. Cette approche permet le suivi des hydrocarbures dissous dans la colonne d'eau. Des cinétiques effectuées en laboratoire ont pour but la calibration du modèle numérique. En complément de cas tests issus de la littérature et de cas réels, des résultats expérimentaux issus d'expérimentations effectuées en canal d'essai doivent permettre de vérifier et valider la qualité des simulations numériques sur des situations où les conditions ne sont que partiellement contrôlées / The application of the European Water Framework Directive on water quality for human consumption and industrial activities creates a need for water quality assessment and monitoring systems. The MIGR'HYCAR research project (http://www.migrhycar.com) was initiated to provide decisional tools for risks connected to oil spills in continental waters (rivers, lakes and estuaries), which represent more than 50% of accidental spills in France. Within the framework of this project, a new numerical oil spill model has been developed, as part of the Telemac hydro-informatics system (see: (http://www.opentelemac.org), by combining Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. The Lagrangian model describes the transport of an oil spill near the free surface. The oil spill model enables to simulate the main processes driving oil plumes: advection, diffusion, oil beaching, oil re-floating, evaporation, dissolution, spreading and volatilization. Though generally considered as a minor process, dissolution is important from the point of view of toxicity. To model dissolved oil in water, an Eulerian advection-diffusion model is used. The fraction of dissolved oil is represented by a passive tracer. This approach is able to follow dissolved hydrocarbons in the water column. Laboratory experiments were conducted to characterise the numerous kinetics of the processes listed above. In addition, meso-scale dynamic experiments in artificial channels and test cases derived from the literature are used to validate the numerical model

Dans les moteurs à combustion interne, l'injection de carburant est une phase essentielle pour la préparation du mélange et la combustion. En effet, la structure du jet liquide joue un rôle essentiel pour la qualité du mélange du combustible avec le gaz. Le présent travail porte sur les phénomènes d'atomisation de jet liquides dans les conditions opératoires des moteurs diesel. Dans ces conditions, la morphologie du jet liquide comprend une phase liquide séparée (c'est à dire un noyau liquide) et une phase liquide dispersée (c'est à dire un spray). Ce manuscrit décrit les étapes de développement d'un nouveau modèle d'atomisation, pour un jet liquide à grande vitesse, basée sur une approche eulérienne diphasique. Le phénomène d'atomisation est modélisée par des équations définissant une densité de surface pour le noyau liquide en plus de celle des gouttelettes du spray. Ce nouveau modèle a été couplé avec un système d'équations diphasique et turbulent de type Baer-Nunziato. Le processus de rupture des ligaments et son éclatement subséquent en gouttelettes sont modélisés en utilisant des connaissances rassemblées à partir des expériences disponibles et des simulations numériques précises. Dans la région dense du jet de liquide, l'atomisation primaire est modélisée comme un processus de dispersion en raison de l'étirement turbulent de l'interface, à partir du côté du liquide en plus du côté du gaz. Différents cas tests académiques ont été effectués afin de vérifier la mise en œuvre numérique du modèle dans le code IFP-C3D. Enfin, le modèle est validé avec les résultats DNS récemment publiés dans des conditions typiques de moteurs Diesel à injection directe. / In internal combustion engines, the liquid fuel injection is an essential step for the air/fuel mixture preparation and the combustion process. Indeed, the structure of the liquid jet coming out from the injector plays a key role in the proper mixing of the fuel with the gas in the combustion chamber. The present work focuses on the liquid jet atomization phenomena under Diesel engine conditions. Under these conditions, liquid jet morphology includes a separate liquid phase (i.e. a liquid core) and a dispersed liquid phase (i.e. a spray). This manuscript describes the development stages of a new atomization model, for a high speed liquid jet, based on an eulerian two-phase approach. The atomization phenomenon is modeled by defining different surface density equations, for the liquid core and the spray droplets. This new model has been coupled with a turbulent two-phase system of equations of Baer-Nunziato type. The process of ligament breakup and its subsequent breakup into droplets are handled with respect to available experiments and high fidelity numerical simulations. In the dense region of the liquid jet, the atomization is modeled as a dispersion process due to the turbulent stretching of the interface, from the side of liquid in addition to the gas side. Different academic test cases have been performed in order to verify the numerical implementation of the model in the IFP-C3D software. Finally, the model is validated with the recently published DNS results under typical conditions of direct injection Diesel engines.

Orientador: José Antônio Perrella Balestieri / Abstract: Direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines aim at reducing specific fuel consumption and achieving the strict emission standards in state of the art internal combustion engines. Therefore, in this work the goal is to develop code for simulations of the internal flow in DISI engines, as well as the phenomenon of fuel spray injection into the combustion chamber using a Lagrangian-Eulerian approach for representing the multiphase flow, and Large-eddy Simulations (LES) for modeling the turbulence of the continuum medium by means of the open-source CFD library OpenFOAM. In order to validate the obtained results and the developed models, experimental data from the Darmstadt optical engine, and the non-reactive “Spray G” gasoline injection case, along with the reactive “Spray A” case from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) will be employed. Finally, a novel open-source solver will be proposed to simulate the Darmstadt optical engine in motored and fired operation under stratified mixture condition, using data compiled by the Darmstadt Engine Workshop (DEW) for validation. Moreover, a deep learning framework is presented to train an artificial neural network (ANN) with the engine LES data generated in this work, in order to make predictions of the small scale turbulence behavior. / Resumo: Motores de ignição a centelha com injeção direta (direct injection spark ignition engines, DISI engines) visam reduzir o consumo específico de combustível e respeitar os restritos níveis de emissão em motores de combustão interna de última geração. Assim, pretende-se com este trabalho desenvolver código para simulação do escoamento interno em motores DISI, assim como os fenômenos de injeção de combustível no interior da câmara de combustão utilizando uma abordagem Lagrangeana-Euleriana para representação do escoamento multifásico e Simulação de Grandes Escalas (Large-eddy simulation, LES) para a modelagem da turbulência no meio contínuo, por intermédio da biblioteca CFD de código aberto OpenFOAM. De modo a validar os resultados e os modelos desenvolvidos, dados experimentais serão utilizados, obtidos do motor óptico de Darmstadt, e do caso de teste de injeção de gasolina não-reativo “Spray G”, juntamente com o caso reativo “Spray A” da Rede de Combustão em Motores (Engine Combustion Network, ECN). Enfim, um novo código aberto será proposto para simular o motor óptico de Darmstadt em condições de escoamento a frio (sem combustão) e com combustão em condição de mistura estratificada, usando dados compilados pelo Workshop do Motor de Darmstadt (Darmstadt Engine Workshop, DEW) para validação. Além disso, uma abordagem de aprendizado profundo (deep learning) será apresentada para treinar uma rede neural artificial (artificial neural network, ANN) com dados de simulação LES de moto... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

A three-dimensional, parallel, finite volume solver which uses Roe&#039 / s upwind flux differencing scheme for spatial and Runge-Kutta explicit multistage time stepping scheme for temporal discretization on unstructured meshes is developed for the unsteady solution of external viscous flow around rotating bodies. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the aerodynamic dynamic stability derivative coefficients for rotating missile configurations. Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation is adapted to the solver for the simulation of the rotation of the body. Eigenvalues of the Euler equations in ALE form has been derived. Body rotation is simply performed by rotating the entire computational domain including the body of the projectile by means of rotation matrices. Spalart-Allmaras one-euqation turbulence model is implemented to the solver. The solver developed is first verified in 3-D for inviscid flow over two missile configurations. Then inviscid flow over a rotating missile is tested. Viscous flux computation algorithms and Spalarat-Allmaras turbulence model implementation are validated in 2-D by performing calculations for viscous flow over flat plate, NACA0012 airfoil and NLR 7301 airfoil with trailing edge flap. The ALE formulation is validated in 2-D on a rapidly pitching NACA0012 airfoil. Afterwards three-dimensional validation studies for viscous, laminar and turbulent flow calculations are performed on 3-D flat plate problem. At last, as a validation test case, unsteady laminar and turbulent viscous flow calculations over a spinning M910 projectile configuration are performed. Results are qualitatively in agreement with the analytical solutions, experimental measurements and previous studies for steady and unsteady flow calculations.

The aim of this study is to simulate the unsteady flow around rotating or oscillating airfoils. This will help to understand the rotor aerodynamics, which is essential in turbines and propellers. In this study, a pre-existing Euler solver with finite volume method that is developed in the Mechanical Engineering Department of Middle East Technical University (METU) is improved. This structured pre-existing code was developed for 2-D internal flows with Lax-Wendroff scheme. The improvement consist of firstly, the generalization of the code to external flow / secondly, implementation of first order Roe&rsquo / s flux splitting scheme and lastly, the implementation of rotation with the help of Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method. For the verification of steady and unsteady results of the code, the experimental and computational results from literature are utilized. For steady conditions, subsonic and transonic cases are investigated with different angle of attacks. For the verification of unsteady results of the code, oscillating airfoil case is used. The flow is assumed as inviscid, unsteady, adiabatic and two dimensional. The gravity is neglected and the air is taken as ideal gas. The developed code is run on computers housed in METU Mechanical Engineering Department Computational Fluid Dynamics High Performance Computing (CFD-HPC) Laboratory.

L’évolution des polluants dans l’atmosphère dépend de phénomènes variés, tels que les émissions, la météorologie, la turbulence ou les transformations physico-chimiques, qui ont des échelles caractéristiques spatiales et temporelles très diverses. Il est très difficile, par conséquent, de représenter l’ensemble de ces échelles dans un modèle de qualité de l’air. Les modèles eulériens de chimie-transport, couramment utilisés, ont une résolution bien supérieure à la taille des plus petites échelles. Cette thèse propose une revue des processus physiques mal représentés par les modèles de qualité de l’air, et de la variabilité sous-maille qui en résulte. Parmi les méthodes possibles permettant de mieux prendre en compte les différentes échelles , deux approches ont été développées : le couplage entre un modèle local et un modèle eulérien, ainsi qu’une approche statistique de réduction d’échelle. (1) Couplage de modèles : l’une des principales causes de la variabilité sous-maille réside dans les émissions, qu’il s’agisse des émissions ponctuelles ou du trafic routier. En particulier, la taille caractéristique d’un panache émis par une cheminée très inférieure à l’échelle spatiale bien résolue par les modèles eulériens. Une première approche étudiée dans la thèse est un traitement sous maille des émissions ponctuelles, en couplant un modèle gaussien à bouffées pour l’échelle locale à un modèle eulérien (couplage appelé panache sous-maille). L’impact de ce traitement est évalué sur des cas de traceurs à l’échelle continentale (ETEX-I et Tchernobyl) ainsi que sur un cas de photochimie à l’échelle de la région parisienne. Différents aspects sont étudiés, notamment l’incertitude due aux paramétrisations du modèle local, ainsi que l’influence de la résolution du maillage eulérien. (2) Réduction d’échelle statistique : une seconde approche est présentée, basée sur des méthodes statistiques de réduction d’échelle. Il s’agit de corriger l’erreur de représentativité du modèle aux stations de mesures. En effet, l’échelle de représentativité d’une station de mesure est souvent inférieure à l’échelle traitée par le modèle (échelle d’une maille), et les concentrations à la station sont donc mal représentées par le modèle. En pratique, il s’agit d’utiliser des relations statistiques entre les concentrations dans les mailles du modèle et les concentrations aux stations de mesure, afin d’améliorer les prévisions aux stations. L’utilisation d’un ensemble de modèles permet de prendre en compte l’incertitude inhérente aux paramétrisations des modèles. Avec cet ensemble, différentes techniques sont utilisées, de la régression simple à la décomposition en composantes principales, ainsi qu’une technique nouvelle appelée « composantes principales ajustées ». Les résultats sont présentés pour l’ozone à l’échelle européenne, et analysés notamment en fonction du type de station concerné (rural, urbain ou périurbain) / The evolution of atmospheric pollutants depends on various processes which occur at multiple characteristic scales, such as emissions, meteorology, turbulence, chemical transformation and deposition. Representing all the time and spatial scales in an air quality model is, therefore, very difficult. Chemical-transport Eulerian models, which are generally used, have a typical resolution much coarser than the finest scales.. Thus, many processes are not well described by these models, which results in subgrid-scale variability. This thesis proposes a review of subgrid-scale processes and associated uncertainty, as well as two multiscale methods aimed at reducing this uncertainty : (1) coupling an Eulerian model with a local-scale Gaussian model, and (2)using statistical downscaling methods. (1) Model coupling : one aof the main subgrid-scale processes is emissions, especially point emissions (industry) and traffic. In particular, the characteristic spatial scale of a plume emitted by a chimmey is much smaller than the typical Eulerian grid resolution. The coupling method, called plume-in-grid model, uses a Gaussian puff model to better represent point emissions at local scale, coupled to an Eulerain model. The impact of this subgrid-scale treatment of emissions is evaluated at continental scale for passive tracers (ETEX-I et Tchernobyl), as well as for photochemistry at regional scale (Paris region). Several issues are addressed, especially the uncertainty due to local-scale parameterizations and the influence of the Eulerian grid resolution. (2) Statistical downscaling : this method aims at compensating the representativity error made by the model when forecasting concentrations at particular measurement stations. The representativity scale of these stations is, indeed, typically smaller than the Eulerian cell size, and concentrations at stations depend on many subgrid-scale phenomena (micrometeorology, topography…). Thus, using statistical relationships between the larg-scale variable (model output) and local-scale variable (concentrations observed at stations) allows to significantly reduce the forecast error. In addition, using ensemble simulations allows to better take into account the model error due to physical parameterizations. With this ensemble, several downscaling methods are implemented : simple and multiple linear regression, with or without preprocessing. The preprocessing methods include a classical principal component analysis, as well as another method called “principal fitted component”. Results are presented at European scale, for ozone peaks, and analyzed for several types of stations (rural, urban or periurban)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:28:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5476.pdf: 893744 bytes, checksum: e444c4faa79c02073abeef63581d7ed5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In this work we present some applications of graph theory in problems involving polynomial identities for the algebra Mn (K). A brief presentation of PI-theory and some concepts of graph theory, such as the definition of Eulerian graphs, which are the basic elements of this work, were presented to make the text self- contained. We show two different proofs of the Amitsur-Levitzki theorem, the proof of Razmyslov and other due to Swan's theorem - an important result on Eulerian graphs. Finally, a similar result of the Amitsur-Levitzki's theorem for skew-symmetric matrices is proved using elements of graph theory. We emphasize that the understanding of the technique makes it possible to simplify many results and has been an important tool in the study of PI-algebras. / Neste trabalho apresentamos algumas aplicações de Teoria de Grafos em problemas envolvendo identidades polinomiais para a álgebra das matrizes Mn (K). Uma breve apresentação de PI-teoria e de alguns on eitos de Teoria de Grafos, como a de_- nição de grafos eulerianos, que são os elementos básicos desta abordagem, foram apresentadas para tornar o texto auto contido. São explicitadas duas demonstrações distintas do Teorema de Amitsur-Levitzki, a de Razmyslov e uma de corrente do Teorema de Swan - um resultado importante a respeito de grafos eulerianos. Por _m, um resultado semelhante ao Teorema de Amitsur-Levitzki para matrizes antis- simétricas é demonstrado utilizando elementos de Teoria de Grafos. Ressaltamos que o entendimento da técnica utilizada torna possível a simplificação de diversos resultados e tem se mostrado uma importante ferramenta no estudo de PI-álgebras.

La simulation des écoulements diphasiques rencontrés dans les moteurs à combustion interne (MCI) est de grande importance pour la prédiction de la performance des moteurs et des émissions polluantes. L’injection directe du carburant liquide à l’intérieur de la chambre de combustion génère loin de l’injecteur un brouillard de gouttes polydisperses, communément appelé spray. Du point de vue de la modélisation, l’émergence des méthodes Eulériennes pour la description du spray est considérée prometteuse par la communauté scientifique. De plus, la prise en compte de la distribution en taille des gouttes par les approches Eulériennes, de manière peu coûteuse en temps de calcul, n’est plus considérée comme un verrou depuis le développement de la méthode Eulerian Multi Size Moment (EMSM). Afin d’envisager la simulation de configurations réalistes de MCI, ce travail de thèse propose de modéliser les interactions turbulentes two-way entre le spray polydisperse évaporant et la phase gazeuse environnante par la méthode EMSM. Dans le contexte du formalisme Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) dédiée au traitement du maillage mobile, les termes sources présents dans le modèle diphasique sont traités séparément des autres contributions. Le système d’équations est fermé à l’aide d’une technique de reconstruction par maximisation d’entropie (ME), originellement introduite pour EMSM. Une nouvelle stratégie de résolution a été développée pour garantir la stabilité numérique aux échelles de temps très rapides introduites par les transferts de masse, quantité de mouvement et énergie, tout en respectant la condition de réalisabilité associée à la préservation de l’espace des moments d’ordre ´élevé. A l’aide des simulations académiques, la stabilité et la précision de la méthode ont été étudiées aussi bien pour des lois d’évaporation constantes que dépendantes du temps. Tous ces développements ont été intégrés dans le code industriel IFP-C3D dédié aux écoulements compressibles et réactifs. Dans le contexte de la simulation en 2-D de l’injection directe, les résultats se sont avérés très encourageants comme en témoignent les comparaisons qualitatives et quantitatives de la méthode Eulerienne à la simulation Lagrangienne de référence des gouttes. De plus, les simulations en 3-D effectuées dans une configuration typique de chambre de combustion et des conditions d’injection réalistes ont donné lieu à des résultats qualitativement très satisfaisants. Afin de prendre en compte la modélisation de la turbulence, une extension moyennée, au sens de Reynolds, des équations du modèle diphasique two-way est dérivée, un soin particulier étant apporté aux fermetures des corrélations turbulentes. La répartition de l’énergie dans le spray ainsi que les interactions turbulentes entre les phases ont été étudiées dans des cas tests homogènes. Ces derniers donnent un aperçu intéressant sur la physique sous-jacente dans les MCI. Cette nouvelle approche RANS diphasique est maintenant prête à être employée pour les simulations d’application de MCI. / The ability to simulate two-phase flows is of crucial importance for the prediction of internal combustion engine (ICE) performance and pollutant emissions. The direct injection of the liquid fuel inside the combustion chamber generates a cloud of polydisperse droplets, called spray, far downstream of the injector. From the modeling point of view, the emergence of Eulerian techniques for the spray description is considered promising by the scientific community. Moreover, the bottleneck issue for Eulerian methods of capturing the droplet size distribution with a reasonable computational cost, has been successfully tackled through the development of Eulerian Multi Size Moment (EMSM) method. Towards realistic ICE applications, the present PhD work addresses the modeling of two-way turbulent interactions between the polydisperse spray and its surrounding gas-phase through EMSM method. Following to the moving mesh formalism ArbitraryLagrangian Eulerian (ALE), the source terms arising in the two-phase model have been treated separately from other contributions. The equation system is closed through the maximum entropy (ME) reconstruction technique originally introduced for EMSM. A new resolution strategy is developed in order to guarantee the numerical stability under veryfast time scales related to mass, momentum and energy transfers, while preserving the realizability condition associated to the set of high order moments. From the academic point of view, both the accuracy and the stability have been deeply investigated under both constant and time dependent evaporation laws. All these developments have beenintegrated in the industrial software IFP-C3D dedicated to compressible reactive flows. In the context of 2-D injection simulations, very encouraging quantitative and qualitative results have been obtained as compared to the reference Lagrangian simulation of droplets. Moreover, simulations conducted under a typical 3-D configuration of a combustion chamber and realistic injection conditions have given rise to fruitful achievements. Within the framework of industrial turbulence modeling, a Reynolds averaged (RA) extension of the two-way coupling equations is derived, providing appropriate closures for turbulent correlations. The correct energy partitions inside the spray and turbulent interactions between phases have been demonstrated through homogeneous test-cases. The latter cases gave also some significant insights on underlying physics in ICE. This new RA approach is now ready for ICE application simulations.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-28T12:41:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Priscila de Brito.pdf: 1439366 bytes, checksum: 6c39b441ca6cf64e146c11f1a5822457 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T12:41:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Priscila de Brito.pdf: 1439366 bytes, checksum: 6c39b441ca6cf64e146c11f1a5822457 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-08 / This presentation provides an introduction to graph theory, making the connection between some of its concepts and the and characterization of Regular Polyhedra. Special emphasis will be given to the study of Eulerian graphs, Euler's Formula, Graphs and Planar Graphs Platonic. Finally, a proposed instructional sequence that focuses on introducing the concept of the graph elementary school students, making connections with the regular polyhedra is presented. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar uma introdução à Teoria dos Grafos, fazendo a ligação entre alguns dos seus conceitos e a caracterização dos Poliedros Regulares. Será dada uma ênfase especial ao estudo dos Grafos Eulerianos, da Fórmula de Euler, dos Grafos Planares e dos Grafos Platônicos. Por fim, será apresentada uma proposta de sequência didática que tem como foco introduzir o conceito de grafo a alunos do ensino básico, fazendo ligações com os Poliedros Regulares.

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis has been garnering attention from researchers due to its wide range of applications. Medical researchers have always been interested in Heart Rate (HR) and HRV analysis, but nowadays, investigators from variety of other fields are also probing the subject. For instance, variation in HR and HRV is connected to emotional arousal. Therefore, knowledge from the fields of affective computing and psychology, can be employed to devise machines that understand the emotional states of humans. Recent advancements in non-contact HR and HRV measurement techniques will likely further boost interest in emotional estimation through . Such measurement methods involve the extraction of the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal from the human's face through a camera. The latest approaches apply Independent Component Analysis (ICA) on the color channels of video recordings to extract a PPG signal. Other investigated methods rely on Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) to detect subtle changes in skin color associated with PPG. The effectiveness of the EVM in HR estimation has well been established. However, to the best of our knowledge, EVM has not been successfully employed to extract HRV feature from a video of a human face. In contrast, ICA based methods have been successfully used for HRV analysis. As we demonstrate in this thesis, these two approaches for HRV feature extraction are highly sensitive to noise. Hence, when we evaluated them in indoor settings, we obtained mean absolute error in the range of 0.012 and 28.4. Therefore, in this thesis, we present two approaches to minimize the error rate when estimating physiological measurements from recorded facial videos using a standard camera. In our first approach which is based on the EVM method, we succeeded in extracting HRV measurements but we could not get rid of high frequency noise, which resulted in a high error percentage for the result of the High frequency (HF) component. Our second proposed approach solved this issue by applying ICA on the red, green and blue (RGB) colors channels and we were able to achieve lower error rates and less noisy signal as compared to previous related works. This was done by using a Buterworth filter with the subject's specific HR range as its Cut-Off. The methods were tested with 12 subjects from the DISCOVER lab at the University of Ottawa, using artificial lights as the only source of illumination. This made it a challenge for us because artificial light produces HF signals which can interfere with the PPG signal. The final results show that our proposed ICA based method has a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.006, 0.005, 0.34, 0.57 and 0.419 for the mean HR, mean RR, LF, HF and LF/HF respectively. This approach also shows that these physiological parameters are highly correlated with the results taken from the electrocardiography (ECG).