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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

Adaptação transcultural e propriedades psicométricas do subteste Visual Reproduction (Reprodução Visual I e II) da Wechsler Memory Scale - Fourth Edition (WMS-IV), (Escalas de Memória de Wechsler) para uma população do Brasil / Transcultural Adaptation of the subtest Visual Reproduction I and II of the Wechsler Memory Scale - IV (WMS-IV) (Wechsler Memory Scale) to one culture from Brazil.

Spedo, Carina Tellaroli 27 April 2012 (has links)
Instrumentos de avaliação da memória episódica não verbal são escassos. Além disto, consideramos a crescente necessidade de esforços para a adaptação transcultural de instrumentos de memória para nosso contexto. O subteste Visual Reproduction I e II (Reprodução Visual I e II) faz parte da Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) e se trata de uma escala mundialmente utilizada e adaptada a diversas culturas, sendo considerada padrão ouro dentre as medidas de avaliação da memória. No presente estudo, utilizamos o subteste Reprodução Visual, da WMS na sua quarta edição (WMS-IV). O Reprodução Visual (RV) é subdividido em três domínios de investigação da memória visual (evocação imediata, evocação tardia e reconhecimento) e uma tarefa opcional para avaliação da percepção visual, habilidades construtivas e atenção aos detalhes (cópia). Além disto, o escore de cada um dos três domínios avaliados podem ser contrastados, de modo que se obtenham informações sobre a retenção, o quanto a memória é melhor ou pior do que as habilidades construtivas e, por último, o quão o sujeito evoca livremente ou precisa de pistas para evocar a informação aprendida. Esta versão da WMS-IV é uma revisão da WMS-III, cujos estudos resultaram em algumas alterações metodológicas e de conteúdo, no sentido de facilitar a análise dos resultados, diminuir os vieses de aplicação e correção. Desta forma, para atingir os propósitos desta pesquisa foram realizados dois estudos: o Estudo 1 teve como objetivo realizar a adaptação transcultural do subteste Visual Reproduction I and II - Wechsler Memory Scale IV (WMS-IV) e apresentar uma versão para uso preliminar no Brasil. O estudo 2 consistiu na avaliação das suas propriedades psicométricas. Participaram do estudo 1 três tradutores com fluência no inglês, que realizaram traduções independentes, dois tradutores profissionais e dois juízes especialistas (um neurologista e uma neuropsicóloga). Os juízes especialistas e um tradutor profissional investigaram a equivalência conceitual, semântica e operacional dos itens. Uma amostra de 24 sujeitos saudáveis responderam ao pré-teste, que consistiu na investigação da compreensão e dificuldade da versão adaptada do Reprodução Visual I e II. No estudo dois, participaram 62 adultos saudáveis e 29 adultos com Acidente vascular cerebral em hemisfério direito, no território da Artéria cerebral média (AVC-ACMHD). Os sujeitos tinham idade entre 20 e 59 anos e as respostas foram consideradas para análises de confiabilidade e validade baseadas em análises estatísticas da teoria clássica (ANOVA, ANCOVA, coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, e correlação de Pearson) e da teoria moderna de testagem (Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) através do modelo de um parâmetro ou método de Rasch). O processo de análise das propriedades psicométricas utilizou a metodologia recomendada pelo American Educational Research Association [AERA], American Psychological Association [APA] e o National council on measure in education [NCME], 2008 indicada pela editora responsável pelos direitos autorais do WMS-IV. Na confiabilidade, foi investigada a consistência interna (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach) e a estabilidade temporal (correlação de Pearson). Na investigação da validade, foram investigados: os processos de resposta, a estrutura interna (correlação de Pearson, Teoria de resposta ao Item pelo método de Rash), a relação com outros instrumentos (Mini Exame do Estado Mental - MEEM e Figuras Complexas de Rey) e a relação com variáveis externas (AVC-ACMHD comparados a controles saudáveis). O índice de consistência interna do subteste foi de 0,92 e a estabilidade teste-reteste mostrou correlação significativa, exceto com a tarefa de evocação tardia. Esses resultados são similares aos do estudo original, sendo, portanto caracterizada a sua equivalência. Os resultados do estudo de validade mostraram que há equivalência em termos de conteúdo.A investigação da estrutura interna pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson evidenciou que todas as figuras obtiveram correlação significativa (p<0,001). Ainda mais: correlacionaram-se congruentemente durante toda a tarefa. Na investigação da estrutura interna pelo método de Rasch foi evidenciado que o teste é unidimensional, que a progressão de theta ao longo das categorias de resposta foram como o esperado pelo modelo. A TRI mostrou que a figura mais fácil é a figura 1 da tarefa de evocação imediata e a mais difícil é a figura 5 de evocação tardia. Os índices de correlação theta foram superiores a 0,5, mostrando correlação. No mapa de pessoas-itens as variáveis tenderam a avaliar o constructo em níveis inferiores ao de habilidade dos sujeitos, sugerindo a necessidade de itens avaliando níveis mais altos do constructo. Na análise de validade considerando outras medidas a tarefa de evocação imediata o escore total e evocação tardia apresentaram correlação com o total da tarefa de memória das figuras complexas de Rey. As tarefas de cópia correlacionaram-se com o total de cópia do teste das figuras complexas de Rey. A tarefa de evocação imediata o escore total e evocação tardia apresentaram correlação com o total do MEEM. A análise de covariância mostrou que a escolaridade exerce influência nos escores do RV. Assim, depois de controlada a escolaridade foi evidenciado que os controles tiveram melhor desempenho em todas as tarefas do RV, quando comparados aos pacientes com AVC-ACMHD. Na análise qualitativa, através do escalonamento e contraste dos escores, foi observado que o baixo desempenho dos pacientes com AVC se deve ao fato de que esses pacientes percebem muito mal o item, com pior controle motor, habilidade visuo-construtiva e capacidade de prestar atenção a detalhes. O resultado é uma menor aquisição da informações e as conseqüências são dificuldades na memória episódica não verbal . Os nossos resultados foram demonstrativos de que o RV da WMS- IV, além de culturalmente equivalente em termos de confiabilidade e validade, é adequado para a cultura dos sujeitos e pacientes avaliados em Ribeirão Preto, preciso e válido para o uso no Brasil. Saliente-se a necessidade de estudos normativos com esse subteste. / Tools for evaluation of non-verbal episodic memory are scarce. Furthermore, we consider the increasing need for efforts to cross-cultural adaptation of instruments of memory for our context. The subtest Visual Reproduction I and II is part of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and it is used worldwide scale and adapted to different cultures, and is considered the gold standard among assessment measures of memory. In the present study, we use the Visual Reproduction subtest of WMS in its fourth edition (WMS-IV). The Visual Reproduction (VR) is subdivided into three fields of research in visual memory (immediate recall, delayed recall and recognition) and an optional task to assess visual perception, constructive abilities and attention to detail (copy). Moreover, the score of each of the three domains can be contrasted evaluated in order to obtain information on retention, and the memory is better or worse than the constructive abilities, and finally, how the subject refers freely or need tracks to evoke the information learned. This version of the WMS-IV is a review of the WMS-III, whose studies have resulted in some changes in methodology and content, to facilitate the analysis of results, lower camest application and correction. Thus, to obtain the purposes of this research were carried out two studies: Study 1 was aimed at making cross-cultural adaptation of the subtest \"Visual Reproduction I and II - Wechsler Memory Scale - IV (WMS-IV)\" and present a version for use preliminary in Brazil and the second study consisted of an evaluation of its psychometric properties. The study included a three translators fluent in English, which made independent translations, translators two professional judges and two experts (a neurologist and a neuropsychologist) who performed the conceptual and item equivalence, semantic, and operational. 24 healthy subjects responded to the pretest, which consisted in the investigation of understanding and difficulty of the adapted version of the Visual Reproduction I and II. In the second study, participated in 62 healthy adults and 29 adults with stroke in the right hemisphere in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. All subjects were aged between 20 and 59 years and the responses were considered for analysis of reliability and validity based on statistical analysis of the classical theory (ANOVA, ANCOVA, Cronbach\'s alpha, and Pearsons correlation) and the modern theory testing (Item Theory Response IRT, the model of one parameter or Rasch method). The process of analyzing the psychometric properties following the methodology recommended by the American Educational Research Association [AERA], American Psychological Association [APA] and the National council on education measure in [NCME], 2008 - indicated by the publisher responsible for the copyright of the WMS-IV. In the reliability analysis, we investigated the internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha) and temporal stability (Pearsons correlation). To investigate the validity, were considered: the processes of response, the internal structure (Pearsons correlation and IRT), the relationship with other tools (Mini Mental State Exam- MMSE and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF).) and the relationship with external variables (stroke in the right hemisphere in the territory of the middle cerebral artery, compared to healthy controls). The index of internal consistency overall subtest was 0.92 and test-retest stability showed significant correlation, except with the task of delayed recall. These results are similar to the original study, showing thus their equivalence. The results of the validity study showed that there is equivalence in terms of investigating the internal structure and content. Pearson\'s correlation coefficient showed that all the figures obtained significant correlation (p <0.001) and further correlated with each moment congruently the task. In investigating the internal structure by the Rasch method has been shown that the test is one-dimensional that the progression of theta over the response categories was as expected by the model, and show that the figure is the easier task of Figure 1 - immediate recall, and is harder to figure 5- for delayed recall. The theta correlation coefficients were greater than 0.5, showing good correlation. On the map of people-items showed that the variables tended to evaluate the construct at levels below the skill of the subjects, suggesting the need for items assessing higher levels of the construct. In the analysis of validity considering other measures, the total score of immediate recall and delayed recall correlated with the total of memory task of the Rey complex figure copy. The copy of the Visual Reproduction correlated with copy of Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). The task of ROCF immediate recall of the total score and delayed recall correlated with total MMSE. Covariance analysis showed that education exercises influences on scores of the RV. So, after controlled the variable schooling, was evident that the controls performed better than patients with stroke on all Visual Reproduction subtest. The qualitative analysis via scaling contrast scores, shown that low performance of patients with stroke is due the fact they recognize the item very badly, the motor control, visuo-constructive ability and ability to pay attention to details is lowered. Its can occur, may be due apraxia, resulting in lower acquisition of the information, resulting in difficulties in non-verbal episodic memory. Our results showing that the Visual Reproduction subtest of the WMS-IV was considered culturally equivalent in terms of reliability and validity and is appropriate for culture of the subjects and patients evaluated in Ribeirão Preto, valid and reliable for use in Brazil. We emphasize the need of studies regarding to normative data for this subtest.
242

A matemática escolar e o ENEM (1998-2002): o aparecimento de uma nova vulgata?

Paiva, Manoel Rodrigues 13 October 2003 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_manoel_rodrigues_paiva.pdf: 16923903 bytes, checksum: 35c4c79a7237bab78ab62145ef1da066 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-13 / This work is the result of a research about the influence of the ENEM (High School National Exam) from 1998 to 2002 in the Mathematic didactic book for high school level and, simultaneously, in the Mathematic discipline in Brazil. Starting from a global context the guidelines of the new directions of the Brazilian high school education are presented. Several ideas of competence notion have been discussed and the ENEM has been presented with its theoretical basis and guidelines, pointing out the skills and competence evaluated by the ENEM, with the objective to establish a counterpoint to the official documents, some criticism to the ENEM exam has been presented from specialists in education, Mathematics and cognitive psychology. To investigate the possible changes in the Mathematic discipline, two didactic books prior to 1998 and two after 2002 were analyzed under the prospective of competence and skills from the ENEM. This analysis showed that the didactic book registered the beginning of a transformation movement in the Mathematic discipline, motivated, as everything indicates, by the new guidelines proposed at the National Curriculum Standards for High School (PCNEM), which were based on the results at the International Meeting of Education for the XXI century of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The ENEM, as the first official document to make these proposals concrete as exercises, seems to become a reference / Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa acerca da influência do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), de 1998 a 2002, no livro didático de Matemática do Ensino Médio e, simultaneamente, na disciplina Matemática no Brasil. Partindo do contexto mundial, apresentamos os eixos norteadores das novas diretrizes do Ensino Médio brasileiro. Discutimos várias concepções da noção de competência e apresentamos o ENEM com seus fundamentos teóricos e diretrizes, listando as competências e habilidades avaliadas por ele. Com o objetivo de estabelecer um contraponto aos documentos oficiais, apresentamos algumas críticas ao Exame, por parte de especialistas em Educação, em Matemática e em Psicologia Cognitiva. Para a investigação de possíveis transformações na disciplina Matemática, analisamos, sob a ótica da matriz de competências e habilidades do ENEM, dois livros didáticos anteriores a 1998 e dois posteriores a 2002. Esta análise mostrou que o livro didático registra o início de um movimento de transformações na disciplina Matemática, motivado, ao que tudo indica, pelas novas diretrizes propostas nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio (PCNEM), que, por sua vez, foram inspiradas nos resultados da Reunião Internacional sobre Educação para o século XXI da United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). O ENEM, como o primeiro documento oficial a concretizar essas propostas em forma de exercícios, parece tornar-se uma referência
243

Řídící činnosti orgánů zajišťujících společnou část maturitní zkoušky v náběhové fázi v roce 2011 / Management activities of authorities providing common part of school -leaving examination in the initial phase in 2011

Očenášek, Vladimír January 2012 (has links)
Graduation exam from 2011 consists of two parts - a common (state) and profile (school). The first plan to hold this form of school-leaving examination appeared for the first government of Vaclav Klaus (Minister of Education Pilip) in 1994. The other nine governments have failed to agree on the form and implementation of school-leaving examination. The agreement was successful in August 2010 during the government of Peter Necas and Education Minister Josef Dobes. The aim was to evaluate the opinions of directors and commissioners of secondary schools of the Středočeský kraj for management activities associated with the common part of school- leaving examination in the initial phase in 2011 and assess whether there are critical points of sub-management activities, and may propose their modification.
244

從新國家主義探討我國文官考選制度

高素真, Kao, Su-Chen Unknown Date (has links)
新國家主義為政治學研究途徑之新途徑 係針對國家自主性高低與國家能 力強弱 進行動態之研究 舉凡國家內部歷史演變過程 不同政策產出 以及 國際間政治 經濟 文化等各方面之互動影響 均為新國家主義之研究範疇 本論文經由觀察國家偏好轉移趨勢 探究我國實行民主化前後階段之國家 自主性程度與國家能力展現 檢視我國文官考選制度之演進 逐一闡釋並輾 轉剖析新國家主義與我國文官考選制度兩者之間的因果關係 期以宏觀超 然的角度 結合理論與實務 嘗試評估現代國家文官體系發展 進而提出個 人意見 藉以促進我國文官考選制度得以更公正公平 公開 為本論文之研 究重點
245

高職應用外語科學生四技二專統一入學測驗英文專業考科與看圖寫作成績之相關性研究 / A study on correlations between English Professional Subject of the Technological and Vocational Education Joint College Entrance Exam and picture writing performance of students from department of applied foreign languages of vocational high schools

陳素梅, Chen, Su Mei Unknown Date (has links)
在評量學生的寫作能力時,通常採用直接測驗。然而,四技二專統一入學測驗英文專業考科卻採用間接測驗,來評量應用外語科學生的英文寫作能力。本研究旨在檢視專業考科之效力,並研究如何改進現行的考試方式。 為了達成該研究目的,119位應用外語科三年級學生參與本研究。本研究間接測驗試題採用四技二專統一入學測驗英文專業考科,直接測驗試題採用看圖寫作,以檢視專業考科與直接寫作成績之間的相關性。此外本研究使用問卷以調查學生對直接與間接寫作測驗的看法。 結果顯示,專業考科與看圖寫作之間呈現中度相關,表示該專業考科在某種程度上,能顯示出受試者的直接寫作能力。在四個大題中,段落組成及段落語意不連貫句子挑選與看圖寫作呈現中度相關,因此,這兩個大題較能顯示出受試者的直接寫作能力。 然而,問卷調查結果發現,受試者運用篇章結構的知識來完成間接測驗。但是,卻沒有運用相同的概念於直接測驗中。此種現象可能是因為傳統的寫作教學方式著重在文法分析及單字教學。因此,四技二專統一入學測驗的英文專業考科應同時施測直接與間接測驗,以期對英文寫作教學產生正面的回衝效應。 / Direct writing assessment is usually employed to evaluate students’ writing proficiency. However, the Technological and Vocational Education (TVE) Joint College Entrance Exam adopts indirect writing assessment to assess students from Department of Applied Foreign Languages (DAFL) in English Professional Subject (EPS). The purpose of the present paper is to examine the effectiveness of the EPS indirect writing test and how the current practice can be improved. For serving the purpose, a total of 119 third-year DAFL students participated in the study. The researcher uses indirect writing assessment, the EPS indirect writing test, and direct writing assessment, a picture writing task, as the testing instruments to examine the correlation between the two writing measures. Moreover, questionnaires are used to investigate the participants’ perceptions of the two writing tasks. Results indicated that the EPS multiple-choice writing test and the picture writing task exhibited a moderate correlation, suggesting the indirect test could, at least in part, serve as a good indication of the students’ writing competence in direct writing. Results also showed that sentence insertion (SI) and sentence deletion (SD), among the four subtests, moderately correlated with the direct writing task. The two subtests could thus be depended on as a better indication of the participants’ direct writing proficiency. Nevertheless, questionnaire findings displayed that the students applied discourse-level knowledge in the indirect test. Nonetheless, the same concept was not applied to the direct task probably because of the traditional teaching approach to English writing, focusing on grammar analysis and vocabulary teaching. Therefore, the two writing tasks should be combined in the entrance exam to produce positive washback effect on writing instruction.
246

Adaptação transcultural e propriedades psicométricas do subteste Visual Reproduction (Reprodução Visual I e II) da Wechsler Memory Scale - Fourth Edition (WMS-IV), (Escalas de Memória de Wechsler) para uma população do Brasil / Transcultural Adaptation of the subtest Visual Reproduction I and II of the Wechsler Memory Scale - IV (WMS-IV) (Wechsler Memory Scale) to one culture from Brazil.

Carina Tellaroli Spedo 27 April 2012 (has links)
Instrumentos de avaliação da memória episódica não verbal são escassos. Além disto, consideramos a crescente necessidade de esforços para a adaptação transcultural de instrumentos de memória para nosso contexto. O subteste Visual Reproduction I e II (Reprodução Visual I e II) faz parte da Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) e se trata de uma escala mundialmente utilizada e adaptada a diversas culturas, sendo considerada padrão ouro dentre as medidas de avaliação da memória. No presente estudo, utilizamos o subteste Reprodução Visual, da WMS na sua quarta edição (WMS-IV). O Reprodução Visual (RV) é subdividido em três domínios de investigação da memória visual (evocação imediata, evocação tardia e reconhecimento) e uma tarefa opcional para avaliação da percepção visual, habilidades construtivas e atenção aos detalhes (cópia). Além disto, o escore de cada um dos três domínios avaliados podem ser contrastados, de modo que se obtenham informações sobre a retenção, o quanto a memória é melhor ou pior do que as habilidades construtivas e, por último, o quão o sujeito evoca livremente ou precisa de pistas para evocar a informação aprendida. Esta versão da WMS-IV é uma revisão da WMS-III, cujos estudos resultaram em algumas alterações metodológicas e de conteúdo, no sentido de facilitar a análise dos resultados, diminuir os vieses de aplicação e correção. Desta forma, para atingir os propósitos desta pesquisa foram realizados dois estudos: o Estudo 1 teve como objetivo realizar a adaptação transcultural do subteste Visual Reproduction I and II - Wechsler Memory Scale IV (WMS-IV) e apresentar uma versão para uso preliminar no Brasil. O estudo 2 consistiu na avaliação das suas propriedades psicométricas. Participaram do estudo 1 três tradutores com fluência no inglês, que realizaram traduções independentes, dois tradutores profissionais e dois juízes especialistas (um neurologista e uma neuropsicóloga). Os juízes especialistas e um tradutor profissional investigaram a equivalência conceitual, semântica e operacional dos itens. Uma amostra de 24 sujeitos saudáveis responderam ao pré-teste, que consistiu na investigação da compreensão e dificuldade da versão adaptada do Reprodução Visual I e II. No estudo dois, participaram 62 adultos saudáveis e 29 adultos com Acidente vascular cerebral em hemisfério direito, no território da Artéria cerebral média (AVC-ACMHD). Os sujeitos tinham idade entre 20 e 59 anos e as respostas foram consideradas para análises de confiabilidade e validade baseadas em análises estatísticas da teoria clássica (ANOVA, ANCOVA, coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, e correlação de Pearson) e da teoria moderna de testagem (Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) através do modelo de um parâmetro ou método de Rasch). O processo de análise das propriedades psicométricas utilizou a metodologia recomendada pelo American Educational Research Association [AERA], American Psychological Association [APA] e o National council on measure in education [NCME], 2008 indicada pela editora responsável pelos direitos autorais do WMS-IV. Na confiabilidade, foi investigada a consistência interna (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach) e a estabilidade temporal (correlação de Pearson). Na investigação da validade, foram investigados: os processos de resposta, a estrutura interna (correlação de Pearson, Teoria de resposta ao Item pelo método de Rash), a relação com outros instrumentos (Mini Exame do Estado Mental - MEEM e Figuras Complexas de Rey) e a relação com variáveis externas (AVC-ACMHD comparados a controles saudáveis). O índice de consistência interna do subteste foi de 0,92 e a estabilidade teste-reteste mostrou correlação significativa, exceto com a tarefa de evocação tardia. Esses resultados são similares aos do estudo original, sendo, portanto caracterizada a sua equivalência. Os resultados do estudo de validade mostraram que há equivalência em termos de conteúdo.A investigação da estrutura interna pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson evidenciou que todas as figuras obtiveram correlação significativa (p<0,001). Ainda mais: correlacionaram-se congruentemente durante toda a tarefa. Na investigação da estrutura interna pelo método de Rasch foi evidenciado que o teste é unidimensional, que a progressão de theta ao longo das categorias de resposta foram como o esperado pelo modelo. A TRI mostrou que a figura mais fácil é a figura 1 da tarefa de evocação imediata e a mais difícil é a figura 5 de evocação tardia. Os índices de correlação theta foram superiores a 0,5, mostrando correlação. No mapa de pessoas-itens as variáveis tenderam a avaliar o constructo em níveis inferiores ao de habilidade dos sujeitos, sugerindo a necessidade de itens avaliando níveis mais altos do constructo. Na análise de validade considerando outras medidas a tarefa de evocação imediata o escore total e evocação tardia apresentaram correlação com o total da tarefa de memória das figuras complexas de Rey. As tarefas de cópia correlacionaram-se com o total de cópia do teste das figuras complexas de Rey. A tarefa de evocação imediata o escore total e evocação tardia apresentaram correlação com o total do MEEM. A análise de covariância mostrou que a escolaridade exerce influência nos escores do RV. Assim, depois de controlada a escolaridade foi evidenciado que os controles tiveram melhor desempenho em todas as tarefas do RV, quando comparados aos pacientes com AVC-ACMHD. Na análise qualitativa, através do escalonamento e contraste dos escores, foi observado que o baixo desempenho dos pacientes com AVC se deve ao fato de que esses pacientes percebem muito mal o item, com pior controle motor, habilidade visuo-construtiva e capacidade de prestar atenção a detalhes. O resultado é uma menor aquisição da informações e as conseqüências são dificuldades na memória episódica não verbal . Os nossos resultados foram demonstrativos de que o RV da WMS- IV, além de culturalmente equivalente em termos de confiabilidade e validade, é adequado para a cultura dos sujeitos e pacientes avaliados em Ribeirão Preto, preciso e válido para o uso no Brasil. Saliente-se a necessidade de estudos normativos com esse subteste. / Tools for evaluation of non-verbal episodic memory are scarce. Furthermore, we consider the increasing need for efforts to cross-cultural adaptation of instruments of memory for our context. The subtest Visual Reproduction I and II is part of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and it is used worldwide scale and adapted to different cultures, and is considered the gold standard among assessment measures of memory. In the present study, we use the Visual Reproduction subtest of WMS in its fourth edition (WMS-IV). The Visual Reproduction (VR) is subdivided into three fields of research in visual memory (immediate recall, delayed recall and recognition) and an optional task to assess visual perception, constructive abilities and attention to detail (copy). Moreover, the score of each of the three domains can be contrasted evaluated in order to obtain information on retention, and the memory is better or worse than the constructive abilities, and finally, how the subject refers freely or need tracks to evoke the information learned. This version of the WMS-IV is a review of the WMS-III, whose studies have resulted in some changes in methodology and content, to facilitate the analysis of results, lower camest application and correction. Thus, to obtain the purposes of this research were carried out two studies: Study 1 was aimed at making cross-cultural adaptation of the subtest \"Visual Reproduction I and II - Wechsler Memory Scale - IV (WMS-IV)\" and present a version for use preliminary in Brazil and the second study consisted of an evaluation of its psychometric properties. The study included a three translators fluent in English, which made independent translations, translators two professional judges and two experts (a neurologist and a neuropsychologist) who performed the conceptual and item equivalence, semantic, and operational. 24 healthy subjects responded to the pretest, which consisted in the investigation of understanding and difficulty of the adapted version of the Visual Reproduction I and II. In the second study, participated in 62 healthy adults and 29 adults with stroke in the right hemisphere in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. All subjects were aged between 20 and 59 years and the responses were considered for analysis of reliability and validity based on statistical analysis of the classical theory (ANOVA, ANCOVA, Cronbach\'s alpha, and Pearsons correlation) and the modern theory testing (Item Theory Response IRT, the model of one parameter or Rasch method). The process of analyzing the psychometric properties following the methodology recommended by the American Educational Research Association [AERA], American Psychological Association [APA] and the National council on education measure in [NCME], 2008 - indicated by the publisher responsible for the copyright of the WMS-IV. In the reliability analysis, we investigated the internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha) and temporal stability (Pearsons correlation). To investigate the validity, were considered: the processes of response, the internal structure (Pearsons correlation and IRT), the relationship with other tools (Mini Mental State Exam- MMSE and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF).) and the relationship with external variables (stroke in the right hemisphere in the territory of the middle cerebral artery, compared to healthy controls). The index of internal consistency overall subtest was 0.92 and test-retest stability showed significant correlation, except with the task of delayed recall. These results are similar to the original study, showing thus their equivalence. The results of the validity study showed that there is equivalence in terms of investigating the internal structure and content. Pearson\'s correlation coefficient showed that all the figures obtained significant correlation (p <0.001) and further correlated with each moment congruently the task. In investigating the internal structure by the Rasch method has been shown that the test is one-dimensional that the progression of theta over the response categories was as expected by the model, and show that the figure is the easier task of Figure 1 - immediate recall, and is harder to figure 5- for delayed recall. The theta correlation coefficients were greater than 0.5, showing good correlation. On the map of people-items showed that the variables tended to evaluate the construct at levels below the skill of the subjects, suggesting the need for items assessing higher levels of the construct. In the analysis of validity considering other measures, the total score of immediate recall and delayed recall correlated with the total of memory task of the Rey complex figure copy. The copy of the Visual Reproduction correlated with copy of Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). The task of ROCF immediate recall of the total score and delayed recall correlated with total MMSE. Covariance analysis showed that education exercises influences on scores of the RV. So, after controlled the variable schooling, was evident that the controls performed better than patients with stroke on all Visual Reproduction subtest. The qualitative analysis via scaling contrast scores, shown that low performance of patients with stroke is due the fact they recognize the item very badly, the motor control, visuo-constructive ability and ability to pay attention to details is lowered. Its can occur, may be due apraxia, resulting in lower acquisition of the information, resulting in difficulties in non-verbal episodic memory. Our results showing that the Visual Reproduction subtest of the WMS-IV was considered culturally equivalent in terms of reliability and validity and is appropriate for culture of the subjects and patients evaluated in Ribeirão Preto, valid and reliable for use in Brazil. We emphasize the need of studies regarding to normative data for this subtest.
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Avaliação da eficácia dos métodos estruturados de ensino nas escolas públicas municipais do estado de São Paulo

Moya, Sarah Helena 02 August 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Sarah Helena Moya (moya.sarah@gmail.com) on 2012-09-03T01:28:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 20120831 Dissertação Sarah Moya.pdf: 438276 bytes, checksum: 4f3ffa26ca7e793e571d9243882c9a79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2012-09-03T12:55:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 20120831 Dissertação Sarah Moya.pdf: 438276 bytes, checksum: 4f3ffa26ca7e793e571d9243882c9a79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-03T13:07:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 20120831 Dissertação Sarah Moya.pdf: 438276 bytes, checksum: 4f3ffa26ca7e793e571d9243882c9a79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-02 / This paper estimates the impact of hiring structured teaching methods on evolution and dispersion of performance of students in primary public schools of São Paulo State municipalities to evaluate whether the structured teaching methods, besides increasing the average performance of students in contracting municipalities, also provide homogenization of score of students in a higher level. To this end, we used data from 2005, 2007 and 2009 of Prova Brasil exam for Portuguese and Mathematics and the difference in differences estimation method with fixed effects for municipality. The results obtained showed that the structured teaching methods contribute to increase the average performance of municipalities, and that was not observed different benefit to students with higher or lower initial performance. About the effect of structured teaching methods in the standard deviation of scores, the results did not show sufficient robustness to allow us to affirm that the methods contribute to the homogenization of the performance. / Neste trabalho analisamos o efeito da contratação de sistemas de ensino para métodos estruturados sobre a evolução e dispersão do desempenho dos alunos das escolas públicas municipais do estado de São Paulo. O objetivo da análise é avaliar se os métodos estruturados de ensino, além de aumentar o desempenho médio dos alunos nos municípios contratantes, também servem com meio para homogeneizar a nota dos alunos em um nível mais elevado. Para este fim utilizamos os dados dos exames de português e matemática dos anos de 2005, 2007 e 2009 da Prova Brasil e, pelo método de estimação de diferenças em diferenças com, efeito fixo por município, avaliamos o incremento no desempenho médio e no desvio padrão do desempenho dos municípios devido à posse de contrato para método estruturado em relação àqueles que não o possuem. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os métodos estruturados de ensino contribuem para o aumento do desempenho médio dos municípios, e que não foi observado benefício diferenciado a alunos com maior ou menor desempenho inicial. Sobre o efeito da contratação de sistemas de ensino sobre o desvio padrão do desempenho, os resultados não apresentaram robustez suficiente que nos permitissem afirmar que os métodos contribuem para a homogeneização do desempenho.
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Reconstruction statistique 3D à partir d’un faible nombre de projections : application : coronarographie RX rotationnelle / 3D statistical reconstruction from a small number of projections. application : XR rotational coronarography

Oukili, Ahmed 16 December 2015 (has links)
La problématique de cette thèse concerne la reconstruction statistique itérative 3D de l'arbre coronaire, à partir d'un nombre très réduit d'angiogrammes coronariens (5 images). Pendant un examen rotationnel d'angiographie RX, seules les projections correspondant à la même phase cardiaque sont sélectionnées afin de vérifier la condition de non variabilité spatio-temporelle de l'objet à reconstruire (reconstruction statique). Le nombre restreint de projections complique cette reconstruction, considérée alors comme un problème inverse mal posé. La résolution d'un tel problème nécessite une procédure de régularisation. Pour ce faire, nous avons opté pour le formalisme bayésien en considérant la reconstruction comme le champ aléatoire maximisant la probabilité a posteriori (MAP), composée d'un terme quadratique de vraisemblance (attache aux données) et un a priori de Gibbs (à priori markovien basé sur une interprétation partielle de l'objet à reconstruire). La maximisation MAP adoptant un algorithme d'optimisation numérique nous a permis d'introduire une contrainte de lissage avec préservation de contours des reconstructions en choisissant adéquatement les fonctions de potentiel associées à l'énergie à priori. Dans ce manuscrit, nous avons discuté en détail des trois principales composantes d'une reconstruction statistique MAP performante, à savoir (1) l'élaboration d'un modèle physique précis du processus d'acquisition, (2) l'adoption d'un modèle à priori approprié et (3) la définition d'un algorithme d'optimisation itératif efficace. Cette discussion nous a conduit à proposer deux algorithmes itératifs MAP, MAP-MNR et MAP-ARTUR-GC, que nous avons testés et évalués sur des données simulées réalistes (données patient issues d'une acquisition CT- 64 multi-barrettes). / The problematic of this thesis concerns the statistical iterative 3D reconstruction of coronary tree from a very few number of coronary angiograms (5 images). During RX rotational angiographic exam, only projections corresponding to the same cardiac phase are selected in order to check the condition of space and time non-variability of the object to reconstruct (static reconstruction). The limited number of projections complicates the reconstruction, considered then as an illness inverse problem. The answer to a similar problem needs a regularization process. To do so, we choose baysian formalism considering the reconstruction as a random field maximizing the posterior probability (MAP), composed by quadratic likelihood terms (attached to data) and Gibbs prior (prior markovian based on a partial interpretation of the object to reconstruct). The MAP maximizing allowed us using a numerical optimization algorithm, to introduce a smoothing constraint and preserve the edges on the reconstruction while choosing wisely the potential functions associated to prior energy. In this paper, we have discussed in details the three components of efficient statistical reconstruction MAP, which are : 1- the construction of precise physical model of acquisition process; 2- the selection of an appropriate prior model; and 3- the definition of an efficient iterative optimization algorithm. This discussion lead us to propose two iterative algorithms MAP, MAP-MNR and MAP-ARTUR-GC, which we have tested and evaluated on realistic simulated data (Patient data from 64-slice CT).
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Vzájemné hodnocení ve výuce češtiny jako cizího jazyka / Peer Assessment in Teaching Czech as a Foreign Language

Stuchlá, Anna January 2021 (has links)
The aims of this Master's thesis are (i) to examine the suitability of using peer-to-peer assessment in teaching writing skills in Czech B1-level courses and (ii) to suggest recommendations for tutors who are considering implementing the method in their Czech classes. The theoretical part is concerned with the description of particular types and forms of assessment and it presents an overview of several studies, focusing on those conducted in the field of ESL teaching. The empirical part focuses on describing the design and execution of the experiment as well as on interpreting its results. The experiment was performed as an intensive online writing course in Czech; the participants were students preparing for a B1-level exam. The investigation aimed at the quality of students' comments and at the implementation degree of their suggestions shows limited effectivity of using peer-to-peer assessment in teaching Czech on B1-level. However, based on the data, the study managed to identify several shortcomings in the way the peer-to-peer assessment method was used and it suggested recomendations for their elimination. If the tutors decide to follow these suggestions this could lead to a more succesful use of the investigated method in teaching.
250

Administrativní budova s provozními sklady - stavebně technologický projekt / Administrative building with operational warehouses - construction technology project

Hirsch, Roman January 2020 (has links)
The focus of this thesis is on the description of realization of administrative building with operational warehouses in Brno. The thesis consists of report on construction and technology, study of the realization of the main technological stages, technical report on site technologies, technical report on wider transportation connections, proposal for the machinery assembly, time schedule, detailed budget, technological guidelines for rein-forced concrete ceiling, control and exam plan for reinforced concrete, report on safety and health protection on construction site, environmental requirements, and in lastly also comparisons of material of contact thermal insulation system, crane proposal, noise study. The thesis consist 15 annexes.

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