Le thème de la diaspora roumaine présente une importance majeure dans la recherche historiographique actuelle, étant donné que la préoccupation pour ce segment signifiant et toujours actif des Roumains a connu des évolutions récentes d'une valeur incontestable. Ainsi, du point de vue des investigations historiques, il devient très intéressant de retrouver les racines du véritable phénomène qui a été la création d'une identité de la diaspora roumaine, pour surprendre l'évolution de ce groupe, les relations à l'intérieur de cette communauté et avec les pays adoptifs, aussi bien que l'existence d'une vision partagée par l'exil. Vu que la période des Deux Europes, lorsque la faille entre l'occident et le bloc communiste a été souvent insurmontable, a marqué l'activité la plus notable de la diaspora roumaine et de l'Europe centrale et de l'est en général, une recherche compréhensive sur ce thème devient nécessaire. Une telle démarche a la capacité de compléter les analyses très complexes du communisme, entreprises du point de vue des aspects sociaux et politiques à l'intérieur de la Roumanie, ou bien visant la position de cet État sur la scène de la politique internationale pendant 1945 et 1989. Néanmoins, la dispersion de l'exil roumain pendant la période totalitaire a été immense, ce qui rend une recherche sur ce phénomène dans son ensemble non seulement difficile, mais aussi d'une telle manière trop générale et dénuée de profondeur. En revanche, pour nous, il a été essentiel de trouver et de justifier l'existence d'un noyau de la diaspora roumaine, bâti sur des fondements historiques et culturels indéniables et soutenu par une tradition profonde. Or, tenant compte des données consistantes identifiées, des biographies remarquables des grandes personnalités qui ont modelé la conception de la Roumanie moderne et sa culture et des messages puissants qui se sont fait entendre à une échelle continentale entre 1945 et 1989, c'est la France qui a émergé comme le véritable centre de l'exil représentatif pour une nation roumaine opprimée par le communisme, mais aussi lucide que toujours, au niveau de ses élites. Ayant restreint le thème de recherche à un espace et un segment précisément délimités, bien qu'extrêmement complexes, notre démarche a visé en permanence l'investigation des données qui puissent lui assurer un degré prononcé d'originalité. En effet, le thème de la diaspora roumaine réfugiée sur le territoire français n'a pas été individualisé en tant que sujet d'un ouvrage historiographique jusqu'à présent, ce qui a marqué une carence visible dans l'investigation exhaustive du phénomène très vaste de l'exil roumain. Pourtant, la disponibilité de plus en plus prégnante de matériaux de valeur sur la vie, l'activité et le message des personnalités qui ont fait partie de cette catégorie, comme les biographies, les archives personnelles et des institutions publiques et les ouvrages de synthèse sur des thèmes connexes, ouvre la voie vers une recherche de qualité et avec un caractère innovateur très bien justifié. L'utilisation de la langue française pour cette démarche s'avère une occasion fructueuse d'élargir la sphère de l'accès aux informations de première importance, provenant de l'espace-même où le groupe-cible de notre recherche a déroulé son activité. Ceci est important d'autant plus que la plupart des sources sur lesquelles s'appuie cette thèse se trouvent dans les grandes bibliothèques de France et d'autres pays occidentaux, tandis que les ouvrages et documents découverts en Roumanie complètent une vision d'ensemble sur ce triangle des relations entre la diaspora roumaine de France, perçue comme un groupe unitaire, son État adoptif et son pays d'origine. / The topic of the Romanian diaspora is of major importance in current historical research, given the fact that the level of preoccupation for this significant and constantly active segment of the Romanian population has recently witnessed a series of major events. Hence, from the perspective of historical research, it becomes chiefly necessary to retrace the roots of this veritable phenomenon, represented by the creation of an identity for the Romanian diaspora, in order to assess the evolution of this group, the relations within this community and with its adoptive countries, as well as the existence of a vision shared by the exile. Given the fact that the time of the Two Europes, when the break between the West and the communist bloc often proved to be impossible to overcome, marked the most notable activity of the Romanian diaspora and the one of East-Central Europe in general, it becomes necessary to undergo some thorough research in this regard. Such an endeavour has the ability to further the very complex analyses of communism, focusing on social and political aspects within Romania, or on the position of this state on the stage of international affairs between 1945 and 1989. Nevertheless, the dispersion of the Romanian exile during the totalitarian period was immense, which makes research on this phenomenon, taken as a whole, not only difficult, but also, to some extent, too general and superficial. On the other hand, for us, it was essential to find and justify the existence of a core of the Romanian diaspora, built on undeniable historical and cultural grounds and upheld by a long-lasting tradition. In fact, given the complex data identified, the remarkable biographies of prominent personalities who shaped modern Romanian thinking and its culture, as well as the powerful messages heard at a continental scale between 1945 and 1989, it is France that emerged as the true centre of an exile which became representative of a Romanian nation under communist oppression, but more self-aware than ever before, at the level of its elites. Having narrowed the research question to a clearly-defined, albeit extremely complex, space and segment, our endeavour was constantly focused on the analysis of information that would ensure a high degree of originality. In fact, the topic of the Romanian diaspora seeking refuge in France has not been the topic of any historical thesis so far, which has marked a visible lack in the analyses of the particularly broad phenomenon of the Romanian exile. Nevertheless, the availability of ever more prominent materials on the life, activity and message of those personalities that were part of this category, such as biographies, personal and public archives, as well as complex studies on relevant subjects, paves the way for quality and deeply innovative research. The use of the French language for this thesis becomes a fruitful opportunity which broadens the horizon of access to valuable information, from the very area where the target group of our research was active. This is significant all the more because the sources our thesis relies on can be found in major French libraries and those of other western countries, whilst the papers and documents discovered in Romania are meant to complete an overall picture of this triangle of relations between the Romanian diaspora in France - perceived as a united front -, its adoptive nation and its country of origin.

Esta dissertação apresenta o estudo de todos os textos poéticos e ensaios que o escritor espanhol Max Aub publicou na revista Cuadernos Americanos, de 1947 a 1971. Além dessa produção, integra o corpus do trabalho a fortuna crítica composta pelos textos escritos em homenagem póstuma ao autor publicados na revista em 1973. Tanto os textos poéticos como os ensaios situam sua obra, escrita durante os anos de exílio no México, como sendo tributária das condições da época. A dissertação dedica-se, assim, a destacar como Aub interpreta seu contexto histórico nesses textos, formulando hipóteses que nem sempre coincidem com os estudos críticos de 1973. / This dissertation presents a study of poetic texts and essays written by the Spanish writer Max Aub, during his exile in Mexico, published in a Journal called Cuardernos Americanos from 1947 to 1971. We added to this corpus critical writings, a posthumous tribute to Aub, which were published in Cuardernos Americanos in 1973. Not only Aubs poetic texts but also his essays situate his work in his historical reality. This study highlights how the this historical context appears in his texts, formulating hypothesis which do not agree with the critical writings.

Esta dissertação apresenta o estudo de todos os textos poéticos e ensaios que o escritor espanhol Max Aub publicou na revista Cuadernos Americanos, de 1947 a 1971. Além dessa produção, integra o corpus do trabalho a fortuna crítica composta pelos textos escritos em homenagem póstuma ao autor publicados na revista em 1973. Tanto os textos poéticos como os ensaios situam sua obra, escrita durante os anos de exílio no México, como sendo tributária das condições da época. A dissertação dedica-se, assim, a destacar como Aub interpreta seu contexto histórico nesses textos, formulando hipóteses que nem sempre coincidem com os estudos críticos de 1973. / This dissertation presents a study of poetic texts and essays written by the Spanish writer Max Aub, during his exile in Mexico, published in a Journal called Cuardernos Americanos from 1947 to 1971. We added to this corpus critical writings, a posthumous tribute to Aub, which were published in Cuardernos Americanos in 1973. Not only Aubs poetic texts but also his essays situate his work in his historical reality. This study highlights how the this historical context appears in his texts, formulating hypothesis which do not agree with the critical writings.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Committee on the Ancient Mediterranean World, August 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

The main topic of this diploma thesis is the Exile Experience in Bertolt Brecht?s Flüchtlingsgespräche. On the background of political and social change this thesis deals with the question of exile identity as well as with the relationship to home, in this case Germany. Further on, there is an analysis of the boundary and virtue motif. Finally, this diploma thesis deals with the change in the use of language and analyses images of exile life in the time of World War Two.

No description available.

Este trabalho propõe-se a examinar a obra Jardín cerrado (1946) de autoria do poeta espanhol Emilio Prados, exilado no México. Tem por objetivo apontar o jardín cerrado como um território de busca da identidade do sujeito lírico, onde se realiza um deslocamento simbólico que é associado ao processo de elaboração poética. O trabalho constrói-se a partir da análise de sete textos poéticos, na sequência dos livros que compõem a obra, e pretende analisá-los sob o signo do trânsito que marca a experiência do exílio republicano espanhol para delinear a proposta de uma poética do escritor. / The proposed study aims to examine the literary work Jardín cerrado (1946) written by the Spanish poet Emilio Prados, exiled in Mexico. It aims to define \"jardín cerrado\" as a search territory of the identity of the lyrical subject where there is a symbolic displacement associated to the process of poetic creation. The study builds on the analysis of seven poetic texts presented according to the sequential books which compose the work. The study intends to analyse them under the image of the passage that describes the experience of the Spanish republican exile to outline the author\'s poetic proposal.

Este trabalho propõe-se a examinar a obra Jardín cerrado (1946) de autoria do poeta espanhol Emilio Prados, exilado no México. Tem por objetivo apontar o jardín cerrado como um território de busca da identidade do sujeito lírico, onde se realiza um deslocamento simbólico que é associado ao processo de elaboração poética. O trabalho constrói-se a partir da análise de sete textos poéticos, na sequência dos livros que compõem a obra, e pretende analisá-los sob o signo do trânsito que marca a experiência do exílio republicano espanhol para delinear a proposta de uma poética do escritor. / The proposed study aims to examine the literary work Jardín cerrado (1946) written by the Spanish poet Emilio Prados, exiled in Mexico. It aims to define \"jardín cerrado\" as a search territory of the identity of the lyrical subject where there is a symbolic displacement associated to the process of poetic creation. The study builds on the analysis of seven poetic texts presented according to the sequential books which compose the work. The study intends to analyse them under the image of the passage that describes the experience of the Spanish republican exile to outline the author\'s poetic proposal.

The aim of this thesis is to explore the overlooked technical role of cinematography, by discussing its artistic effects. I intend to examine the career of a single cinematographer, in order to demonstrate whether a dinstinctive cinematographic style may be defined. The task of this thesis is therefore to define that cinematographer’s style and trace its development across the course of a career. The subject that I shall employ in order to achieve this is the émigré cinematographer Eugen Schüfftan, who is perhaps most famous for his invention ‘The Schüfftan Process’ in the 1920s, but who subsequently had a 40 year career acting as a cinematographer. During this time Schüfftan worked throughout Europe and America, shooting films that included Menschen am Sonntag (Robert Siodmak et al, 1929), Le Quai des brumes (Marcel Carné, 1938), Hitler’s Madman (Douglas Sirk, 1942), Les Yeux sans visage (Georges Franju, 1959) and The Hustler (Robert Rossen, 1961). During the course of this thesis I shall examine the evolution of Schüfftan’s style, and demonstrate how Schüfftan has come to be misunderstood as a cinematographer of German Expressionism. The truth, as I will show, is far more complex. Schüfftan also struggled throughout his career to cope with the consequences of exile. In this thesis I will also therefore examine the conditions of exile for an émigré cinematographer, and in particular Schüfftan’s prevention from joining the American Society of Cinematographers. I intend to demonstrate how an understanding of cinematographic style can shed new light on a film, and to give renewed attention to an important cinematographer who has been largely ignored by film history.

This thesis starts with the introduction of the general historic moments of postwar Czechoslovakia. Attention is paid to the February 1948, Prague Spring and the events of August 1968. These dates established two waves of emigration from Czechoslovakia. In this context, there are presented personalities of Jiri Pelikan and Pavel Tigrid as leading personalities of exile. The analytical part focuses on the comparison of Tigrid's Svedectvi and Listy published by Jiri Pelikan. Analysis is based on important events in postwar history. The thesis is mainly focused on the different perceptions of the Prague Spring and the Velvet Revolution in 1989.