Global mobility of labor across national and cultural boundaries is increasing steadily as a trend for most contemporary large organizations. Working with people from different cultures, professionals or ethnic backgrounds may cause cultural impacts among organization, peers and subordinates. It is imperative for multinational companies to attract, select, develop, and retain expatriates via effective intercultural management. Moreover, it would facilitate the global economy while well-adjusted expatriates on their global assignments. If expatriate possess some special personality traits and cultural sensitivity to deal with the challenges in different cultures, it would develop their ability to adapt effectively across different cultures. Cultural Intelligence (CQ) is needed to manage the stress of culture shock and the consequent frustration and confusion that typically result from clashes of cultural differences (Ang, Earley & Tan, 2006). This study is to examine the how affiliating CQ and personality traits relate to expatriate cross-cultural adjustment. Data are collected from mailing and internet-based questionnaires. There are two types of respondents: Taiwanese expatriates in foreign countries and foreign expatriates stationed in Taiwan. 230 valid questionnaires were gathered and input into the analysis. By statistical analysis, we conclude major results as follows: 1. The personality trait of expatriate is positively related to cultural intelligence: Expatriates who possess the personality trait of Extraversion were related to all three facets of CQ (Cognitive CQ, Physical CQ and Motivational CQ). Based on this study, Extraversion is recommended for use in expatriate selection system. 2. The cultural intelligence of expatriate is positively related to cross-cultural adjustment: Cognitive CQ and Physical CQ are an individual¡¦s lead to better performance in adapting to General Adjustment and Work Adjustment. 3. A moderating effect of CQ on the relationship between personality trait and cross-cultural adjustment: This is encouraged to assess potential expatriates for these personality traits and cultural intelligence in assignment preview. 4. The personality traits of expatriate is negatively related to cross-cultural adjustment 5. The influence of expatriate¡¦s personal characteristics was partly supported.

Illustrations not reproduced. The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 25, 2010). Thesis advisor: Dr. Kristin Schwain. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis analyzes the unexplored space that Iranian expatriates occupy in Persian Gulf Arab States, specifically Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. It argues that culturally ascribed markers such as ethnicity, language, clothing, gender, religion, historical factors and nationality combine to produce hybrid Gulf Iranian identities among Iranian expatriates. The thesis performs an analysis of Iranian expatriate individuals' situations and conditions in the above societies and assesses the level of cross-interaction between Arabs and Iranians by building upon theories by Martinez, Hegel, Hobsbawm and Said. It concludes that studies of Iranian expatriates may not be performed in terms of Iranian or Gulf Arab identities but as a fluid synthesis of the two with sociopolitical implications for all Persian Gulf States. By understanding the Gulf Iranian expatriate community, or Gulf Iranians, we can move beyond analyses that are limited to national, ethnic and ideological lines to reevaluate Persian Gulf identities entirely.

The present study proposes a significant role for host country nationals (HCNs) in the expatriate adjustment process. Based on self-categorizaton theory, newcomer socialization research, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) research, and models of expatriate adjustment, I present a model proposing how social categorization processes influence HCNs' willingness to engage in adjustment-facilitating organizational citizenship behaviors (AOCBs). I further propose that these behaviors have a significant impact on expatriates' adjustment and in turn, other important job-related outcomes of the expatriate. Hypotheses were tested on 115 expatriates and 53 HCNs. Expatriates were contacted directly or via an organizational contact. HCNs were either contacted directly or nominated by their expatriate counterpart to participate in the study. Results reveal support for the main tenets of the model. The willingness to engage in AOCBs was related to outgroup categorization, collectivism, and perceptions of justice. Social support provided by HCNs was found to significantly relate to HCNs' perceptions of their expatriate co-worker's adjustment. Expatriates, however, indicated that spousal adjustment and language ability were more important for their own adjustment. Adjustment was related to other key expatriate outcomes. The research and managerial implications of these results are discussed.

Uppsatsen behandlar ämnet expatriering. Detta kan beskrivas som en process att sända anställda till ett annat land för att ex. expandera verksamheten och implementera organisationens affärstänkande på nya platser i nya länder. I takt med att det sker fler fusioner och övertaganden av företag finns en tydlig tendens att fler och fler företag låter anställda expatriera. Att skicka anställda utomlands på dessa uppdrag är dock komplicerat för företaget, den anställde och familjen. Forskning har visat att brister i den medföljande partnerns anpassning är den enskilt största orsaken till att så många expatrieringar avbryts i förtid. Vårt undersökta problem har därför varit: Hur upplever den medföljande partnern anpassningen vid expatriering? Vi valde att använda oss av en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod då vårt fokus har varit att försöka förstå och tolka partnernas upplevelser. I vårt fall innebar detta att vi genomförde fysiska intervjuer. Sex intervjuer utfördes i USA (Portland) under en vecka i månadsskiftet april-maj 2008. Intervjuerna antog huvudsakligen en semi-strukturerad form kring tre teman som var; Personlig anpassning, Interpersonell anpassning och Omgivningsanpassning. Intervjuerna baserades i huvudsak på partners till anställda inom Adidas, en intervju genomfördes dock med en HR ansvarig på Adidas och en annan med en psykolog som arbetar med anpassningsfrågor. Slutsatserna vi kom fram till var att samtliga tre ovan nämnda aspekter av anpassning visade sig spela roll för hur partnern upplevde anpassningen. De främsta positiva sambanden för den personliga anpassningen erhölls genom underkategorin språk. Positiva samband i den andra aspekten av anpassning, interpersonell anpassning, var exempelvis betydelsen av att vara förälder, support från storfamilj och sociala nätverk. Tredje aspekten av anpassning behandlade underkategorin kulturella nyheter. Den var också den enda av våra kategorier som visade sig ha ett negativt samband med partnerns upplevda anpassning. Visshet om uppdragets varaktighet, som också var en underkategori till denna aspekt, visade sig, å andra sidan, ha en positiv effekt för partnerns anpassning.

ABSTRACT Professor Peter Steele S.J. cuts a fascinating figure both in contemporary scholarship and poetic achievement. His work extends over a vast range of genre from poetry to criticism, public address and intellectual journalism. Some of his huge literary output is published, some of it awaits publication, and much of it is either uncollected or held in archival situations. Steele is a writer who matters today not only by virtue of his leading a distinguished academic career, and being a widely published poet, but also because for some two decades he has been a focal figure in the Society of Jesus in Australia and New Zealand and has had extensive experience as he would say 'plying his priesthood' in various British and American Jesuit institutions. This has resulted in a large volume of mostly unpublished writings ranging from prayers, liturgies and reflections to homilies for private and public occasions. The challenge of addressing Steele�'s literary achievement lies in the fact that his spiritual insights form the basis of his poetic, academic, and ethical imagination. This thesis has attempted to identify the core nature of these insights and to trace the way in which they ramify into the world of people, events, and art, especially literature. The basic issue concerns the principle of radiance, how it finds expression through Steele�s major motifs or figures of Jester, Pilgrim Expatriate, Celebrant and Word or Witness, and how this principal operates as the unifying basis of his thought. The thesis tries to investigate this unifying vision within the subtle diversity of the many ways Steele encounters the modern world. In identifying Steele�s structure of thought as a radiant entity focused on the theocentre of God and emanating to the Incarnate God, to the writers of the gospels and epistles, to St. Ignatius, to St. Edmund Campion and to all people especially artists, it has been necessary to shape each chapter in a roughly parallel manner and to organise it according to these stratafications. Each chapter places the individual motif within Steele�'s individual and Ignatian milieux, and examines the function of the particular figure or motif under investigation. Each chapter will then trace the figure (Fool, Pilgrim / Expatriate, Celebrant or Word Witness), as Steele sees it manifest in God, in Christ, in the scriptures, and as he understands it imparted to Campion, to Ignatius as he writes the Spiritual Exercises and to writers (and readers) of literature. Each chapter also has variations appropriate to its subject matter and medium so that for instance the chapter treating Steele�s Pilgrim figure will consider his treatment of it in both p oetics and homiletics and that treating the Word or Witness will predominantly relate to that figure to his critical appraisal of Peter Porter�s p oetry and the organisation of the latter will break from the established pattern of organisation in several major ways. This thesis offers a study of a rich Australian talent operating intellectually, academically, imaginatively and spiritually. If one were to seek to place Steele amongst similarly minded writers one would have to locate him in the community of writers recognised for their classical and contemporary sophistication, writers such as Peter Porter, Seamus Heaney, Joseph Brodsky, Derek Walcott and Anthony Hecht. In this sense Steele is international rather than Australian in his emphasis; but being a true international he also includes Australia in his thinking.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Texas, May, 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 2001. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-158).

Com a abertura econômica brasileira, sobretudo após 1990, muitas são as empresas que enviam funcionários para viver e trabalhar no exterior e pouco se explora sobre os casos de mulheres em contexto de expatriação. Neste trabalho, buscou-se analisar as trajetórias de mulheres expatriadas, utilizando como bases conceituais as interfaces de gênero, carreira e expatriação. Diante dos diversos questionamentos emergidos a partir do tema, firmou-se a seguinte questão de pesquisa: como são construídas as trajetórias de mulheres brasileiras expatriadas? Para analisar a construção da trajetória das 19 mulheres pesquisadas e as implicações advindas dessa experiência, a pesquisa iniciou com uma fase de exploração do campo, por meio de entrevista com duas expatriadas. Os relatos destas serviram como um suporte inicial da pesquisa e possibilitaram vislumbrar algumas possibilidades de categorias de análises e pontos a serem explorados. Como técnica de coleta de informações foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, com base em roteiro semiestruturado, pessoal ou virtualmente e, após transcritas integralmente, foram interpretadas por análise de conteúdo. As vivências das protagonistas dessa pesquisa, embora muitas vezes se aproximem, compõem trajetórias singulares, incluindo campo pessoal e profissional. A análise conjunta das entrevistas permitiu identificar a construção da trajetória de mulheres expatriadas como uma categorial principal. Os elementos que edificam e influenciam essa categoria são: as características pessoais, o apoio e a influência familiar; os relacionamentos afetivos e a maternidade; os planos profissionais e as organizações em que elas trabalham; os países de destino e, por fim e ancorado nesses elementos, destacou-se um modo de ser e portar-se no ambiente de trabalho, compreendido como “o/a” profissional mulher expatriada, que intercala elementos percebidos como “de homens” e/ou “de mulheres”. Com os resultados da pesquisa, vislumbram-se caminhos possíveis para outras mulheres que buscam esta experiência, levando em conta as implicações advindas. / With Brazil's economic opening, especially after 1990, many companies send their employees to live and work abroad, however, few academic research explores the cases of women in expatriation context. This research aimed to analyze the paths of female expatriates, using as conceptual basis the interfaces of gender, career and expatriation. Given several questions that have been emerged from the subject, it was established as the central research problem the following question: how the career path of expatriate Brazilian women are built? To analyze the career construction of the 19 surveyed women and the implications arising from this experience, the research started with an exploration phase of the field, through interviews with two female expatriates. Their reports worked as initial research support, which made possible to preview some possible categories of analysis and points to be explored. As information collection technique, in-depth interviews, taken personally or virtually, were conducted based on a semi-structured script and, after fully transcribed, interpreted by content analysis. The experiences of these research protagonists, though share similarities, compose singular trajectories, including personal and professional field. The interviews analysis allowed the identification of the career path construction of expatriate women as a major category. The elements that build and influence this category are: personal characteristics, support and family influence; affective relationships and motherhood; professional plans and the organizations in which they work; destination countries and, finally, anchoring these elements, stood out a way to be and behave at work, understood as a professional expatriate woman, without an specific gender/sex, that combines elements perceived as of men and/or of women. With the results it is possible to forecast possible paths for other women seeking for this experience, taking into account the resulting implications.

This study examines the expatriate spouses’ cross-cultural adjustment to the host country. The cross-cultural adjustment experience of the expatriate spouse differs vastly from that of the expatriate. Literature was consulted to understand the cardinal role that the spouse portrays during an expatriate assignment and to highlight the importance of a well-adjusted spouse. This study engaged in qualitative research methodology using five expatriate spouses residing in Rome, Italy. Spouses were from two different countries and represented different age groups. Data collection methods included interviews and a focus group session to gain an in-depth understanding of spouses’ cross-cultural adjustment experiences. Results showed that spouses arriving in the host country experienced a loss of identity. Identity in this study was divided into three categories namely personal, situational and social. Once spouses went through a period of identity reformation they were able to become well-adjusted spouses. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)