Esta dissertação tem com tema central o legado do ensino do esporte na escola. O objetivo é compreender como os professores de Educação Física analisam sua própria trajetória com o esporte, e que relações podem ser estabelecidas entre as experiências adquiridas no decorrer dessa trajetória e a noção de esporte que desejam transmitir a seus alunos na escola. O trabalho está sustentado nos pressupostos da metodologia qualitativa, e para dar conta da questão central, utilizo como método a narrativa e como instrumento de pesquisa a entrevista episódica. Estas entrevistas foram realizadas com doze professores formados entre os anos de 1999 e 2009 e que trabalham com o ensino médio em escolas estaduais de Porto Alegre. Já o referencial teórico foi organizado em três capítulos – O Esporte na/da Escola: Por uma “virada” de perspectiva na Educação Física brasileira; Saberes Acadêmico-profissionais dos professores de Educação Física sobre o esporte; Saberes Experienciais: um marcador dos saberes docentes – cujas discussões empreendidas serviram para compreender o modo como o esporte se incorporou à trajetória de vida dos professores formando suas concepções sobre este conteúdo da Educação Física na escola e quais efeitos vem sendo produzidos por essa herança no seu fazer docente. Para a construção dos pontos analíticos, organizei inicialmente quatro grandes eixos, sendo o último deles transversal aos demais: experiências com o esporte anteriores à graduação; experiências com o esporte durante a formação acadêmica; experiências com o esporte durante a prática docente na escola; noções de esporte que os professores desejam deixar para os seus alunos ao concluírem o ensino médio. A partir desses eixos, foram estruturados os seguintes pontos de análise: esporte na escola: entre o rendimento e o “banho de sol na prisão”; b) “terceirização” como consequência do vácuo conceitual das aulas de Educação Física na escola; c) o conceito de teoria em esporte e a hipertrofia de um saber fazer na graduação; d) Uni-duni-tê: organização do conteúdo esporte nas aulas de Educação Física; e) Noções de esporte na escola que se leva para a vida. A forma como organizei a pesquisa e a partir das análises que empreendi me permitiram constatar que as noções de saúde, valores, conhecimento crítico e “saber se virar” representam o legado sobre esporte que os professores desejam deixar para seus alunos. Entretanto, verifiquei que este legado não é algo palpável, ou que está inscrito e visível nos relatos de vida dos professores. Esse legado “paira” no imaginário dos professores. / This master dissertation has as central theme the legacy of teaching sports at school. The main goal is to understand how Physical Education teachers analyze their own sports trajectory and what links can be settled among these experiences and the sports ideas they want to transmit to their students at school. The study is supported by qualitative methodological assumptions. To answer the central question, it was used the narrative as a method and the episodical interview as a research instrument. It was interviewed twelve Physical Education teachers who concluded the undergraduate course from 1999 to 2009. They work in high school level at public state schools in Porto Alegre. The theoretical references were organized in three chapters: Sport in/of school: for a turn of perspective in Brazilian Physical Education; Academic-professional knowledge about sportS of Physical Education teachers; Experience-based knowledge: a marker of teaching knowledge. The discussions served to understand how sports became part of their lives and shaped their ideas about this matter of Physical Education at school and which effects has been produced by this legacy in their own teaching practice. Four big axes have defined the initial configuration for building analytical points: sport experiences before the undergraduate course; sport experiences during the undergraduate course; sport experiences during teaching practice at school; sport ideas the teachers want to give to the students at the end of high school. From these axis, the following analytical points were constructed: a) Sport at school: between the performance and “the sunbathing at prison”; b) “Outsourcing” as an answer for the conceptual vacuum in Physical Education classes at school; c) The concept of theory about sport and the hypertrophy of know-how in graduation course; d) Uniduni- tê: organization of sport as a matter in Physical Education classes; d) Sport ideas at school which were took to the life. The form as I organized the investigation and from the analysis I checked that conceptions of health, values, critical knowledge and “knowing practice” represent the legacy of sport that teachers want their students take for life. However, I found that this legacy isn‟t palpable or visible in the reports of teachers‟ lives. That legacy is “on the minds” of teachers.

Esta dissertação tem com tema central o legado do ensino do esporte na escola. O objetivo é compreender como os professores de Educação Física analisam sua própria trajetória com o esporte, e que relações podem ser estabelecidas entre as experiências adquiridas no decorrer dessa trajetória e a noção de esporte que desejam transmitir a seus alunos na escola. O trabalho está sustentado nos pressupostos da metodologia qualitativa, e para dar conta da questão central, utilizo como método a narrativa e como instrumento de pesquisa a entrevista episódica. Estas entrevistas foram realizadas com doze professores formados entre os anos de 1999 e 2009 e que trabalham com o ensino médio em escolas estaduais de Porto Alegre. Já o referencial teórico foi organizado em três capítulos – O Esporte na/da Escola: Por uma “virada” de perspectiva na Educação Física brasileira; Saberes Acadêmico-profissionais dos professores de Educação Física sobre o esporte; Saberes Experienciais: um marcador dos saberes docentes – cujas discussões empreendidas serviram para compreender o modo como o esporte se incorporou à trajetória de vida dos professores formando suas concepções sobre este conteúdo da Educação Física na escola e quais efeitos vem sendo produzidos por essa herança no seu fazer docente. Para a construção dos pontos analíticos, organizei inicialmente quatro grandes eixos, sendo o último deles transversal aos demais: experiências com o esporte anteriores à graduação; experiências com o esporte durante a formação acadêmica; experiências com o esporte durante a prática docente na escola; noções de esporte que os professores desejam deixar para os seus alunos ao concluírem o ensino médio. A partir desses eixos, foram estruturados os seguintes pontos de análise: esporte na escola: entre o rendimento e o “banho de sol na prisão”; b) “terceirização” como consequência do vácuo conceitual das aulas de Educação Física na escola; c) o conceito de teoria em esporte e a hipertrofia de um saber fazer na graduação; d) Uni-duni-tê: organização do conteúdo esporte nas aulas de Educação Física; e) Noções de esporte na escola que se leva para a vida. A forma como organizei a pesquisa e a partir das análises que empreendi me permitiram constatar que as noções de saúde, valores, conhecimento crítico e “saber se virar” representam o legado sobre esporte que os professores desejam deixar para seus alunos. Entretanto, verifiquei que este legado não é algo palpável, ou que está inscrito e visível nos relatos de vida dos professores. Esse legado “paira” no imaginário dos professores. / This master dissertation has as central theme the legacy of teaching sports at school. The main goal is to understand how Physical Education teachers analyze their own sports trajectory and what links can be settled among these experiences and the sports ideas they want to transmit to their students at school. The study is supported by qualitative methodological assumptions. To answer the central question, it was used the narrative as a method and the episodical interview as a research instrument. It was interviewed twelve Physical Education teachers who concluded the undergraduate course from 1999 to 2009. They work in high school level at public state schools in Porto Alegre. The theoretical references were organized in three chapters: Sport in/of school: for a turn of perspective in Brazilian Physical Education; Academic-professional knowledge about sportS of Physical Education teachers; Experience-based knowledge: a marker of teaching knowledge. The discussions served to understand how sports became part of their lives and shaped their ideas about this matter of Physical Education at school and which effects has been produced by this legacy in their own teaching practice. Four big axes have defined the initial configuration for building analytical points: sport experiences before the undergraduate course; sport experiences during the undergraduate course; sport experiences during teaching practice at school; sport ideas the teachers want to give to the students at the end of high school. From these axis, the following analytical points were constructed: a) Sport at school: between the performance and “the sunbathing at prison”; b) “Outsourcing” as an answer for the conceptual vacuum in Physical Education classes at school; c) The concept of theory about sport and the hypertrophy of know-how in graduation course; d) Uniduni- tê: organization of sport as a matter in Physical Education classes; d) Sport ideas at school which were took to the life. The form as I organized the investigation and from the analysis I checked that conceptions of health, values, critical knowledge and “knowing practice” represent the legacy of sport that teachers want their students take for life. However, I found that this legacy isn‟t palpable or visible in the reports of teachers‟ lives. That legacy is “on the minds” of teachers.

Esta dissertação tem com tema central o legado do ensino do esporte na escola. O objetivo é compreender como os professores de Educação Física analisam sua própria trajetória com o esporte, e que relações podem ser estabelecidas entre as experiências adquiridas no decorrer dessa trajetória e a noção de esporte que desejam transmitir a seus alunos na escola. O trabalho está sustentado nos pressupostos da metodologia qualitativa, e para dar conta da questão central, utilizo como método a narrativa e como instrumento de pesquisa a entrevista episódica. Estas entrevistas foram realizadas com doze professores formados entre os anos de 1999 e 2009 e que trabalham com o ensino médio em escolas estaduais de Porto Alegre. Já o referencial teórico foi organizado em três capítulos – O Esporte na/da Escola: Por uma “virada” de perspectiva na Educação Física brasileira; Saberes Acadêmico-profissionais dos professores de Educação Física sobre o esporte; Saberes Experienciais: um marcador dos saberes docentes – cujas discussões empreendidas serviram para compreender o modo como o esporte se incorporou à trajetória de vida dos professores formando suas concepções sobre este conteúdo da Educação Física na escola e quais efeitos vem sendo produzidos por essa herança no seu fazer docente. Para a construção dos pontos analíticos, organizei inicialmente quatro grandes eixos, sendo o último deles transversal aos demais: experiências com o esporte anteriores à graduação; experiências com o esporte durante a formação acadêmica; experiências com o esporte durante a prática docente na escola; noções de esporte que os professores desejam deixar para os seus alunos ao concluírem o ensino médio. A partir desses eixos, foram estruturados os seguintes pontos de análise: esporte na escola: entre o rendimento e o “banho de sol na prisão”; b) “terceirização” como consequência do vácuo conceitual das aulas de Educação Física na escola; c) o conceito de teoria em esporte e a hipertrofia de um saber fazer na graduação; d) Uni-duni-tê: organização do conteúdo esporte nas aulas de Educação Física; e) Noções de esporte na escola que se leva para a vida. A forma como organizei a pesquisa e a partir das análises que empreendi me permitiram constatar que as noções de saúde, valores, conhecimento crítico e “saber se virar” representam o legado sobre esporte que os professores desejam deixar para seus alunos. Entretanto, verifiquei que este legado não é algo palpável, ou que está inscrito e visível nos relatos de vida dos professores. Esse legado “paira” no imaginário dos professores. / This master dissertation has as central theme the legacy of teaching sports at school. The main goal is to understand how Physical Education teachers analyze their own sports trajectory and what links can be settled among these experiences and the sports ideas they want to transmit to their students at school. The study is supported by qualitative methodological assumptions. To answer the central question, it was used the narrative as a method and the episodical interview as a research instrument. It was interviewed twelve Physical Education teachers who concluded the undergraduate course from 1999 to 2009. They work in high school level at public state schools in Porto Alegre. The theoretical references were organized in three chapters: Sport in/of school: for a turn of perspective in Brazilian Physical Education; Academic-professional knowledge about sportS of Physical Education teachers; Experience-based knowledge: a marker of teaching knowledge. The discussions served to understand how sports became part of their lives and shaped their ideas about this matter of Physical Education at school and which effects has been produced by this legacy in their own teaching practice. Four big axes have defined the initial configuration for building analytical points: sport experiences before the undergraduate course; sport experiences during the undergraduate course; sport experiences during teaching practice at school; sport ideas the teachers want to give to the students at the end of high school. From these axis, the following analytical points were constructed: a) Sport at school: between the performance and “the sunbathing at prison”; b) “Outsourcing” as an answer for the conceptual vacuum in Physical Education classes at school; c) The concept of theory about sport and the hypertrophy of know-how in graduation course; d) Uniduni- tê: organization of sport as a matter in Physical Education classes; d) Sport ideas at school which were took to the life. The form as I organized the investigation and from the analysis I checked that conceptions of health, values, critical knowledge and “knowing practice” represent the legacy of sport that teachers want their students take for life. However, I found that this legacy isn‟t palpable or visible in the reports of teachers‟ lives. That legacy is “on the minds” of teachers.

Les familles d’enfants aux prises avec des allergies alimentaires font souvent face à des besoins éducationnels non comblés. La reconnaissance du savoir expérientiel émanant du vécu d’une maladie chronique ainsi que l’attribution de plus amples responsabilités aux patients pourraient être bénéfiques au système de santé et répondre davantage aux besoins des familles. À ce jour, le savoir expérientiel des enfants aux prises avec des maladies chroniques n’est cependant pas documenté. L’objectif de ce projet est alors d’explorer qualitativement le savoir expérientiel des enfants de moins de 13 ans vivant avec des allergies alimentaires afin de pouvoir inclure leur perspective dans notre pratique clinique. Ainsi, 33 participants ont témoigné de leur expérience par entrevue. Parmi ceux-ci se trouvaient 14 enfants âgés de 8 et 12 ans ainsi que 19 parents. Les entrevues ont été analysées en utilisant une approche inductive générale. Notre étude démontre que le développement du savoir expérientiel dans cette population débute tôt dans l’enfance. Ce savoir est surtout acquis par la mise en pratique des enseignements parentaux ainsi que par l’expérimentation de réactions allergiques. Les perspectives distinctes de la maladie entre l’enfant et ses parents mènent à des différences sur le plan de leur savoir expérientiel respectif. Chez ces enfants, le savoir expérientiel promeut la gestion autonome de la maladie ainsi qu’un degré de normalité ainsi que d’équilibre ce qui contribue a une amélioration de leur qualité de vie. En conclusion, le savoir expérientiel des enfants aux prises avec des allergies alimentaires existe et doit être reconnu. Ce savoir est distinct de celui des parents et influence positivement les habiletés de gestion autonome de l’enfant ainsi que leur perspective de la maladie. Les professionnels de la santé ainsi que les parents bénéficieraient d’accompagnement afin de comprendre et mobiliser ce savoir expérientiel chez l’enfant. / Families with a food-allergic child often mention unmet education needs. Recognizing the experiential knowledge from living with the illness and entrusting the patient with greater responsibilities could better the health care and respond to the families’ needs. However, experiential knowledge is not well documented in children with chronic health conditions. Therefore, the objective in our study was to explore the experiential knowledge of children under 13 years old living with food allergies as recounted by them and their families to include their views in clinical practice. Thirty-three participants were interviewed including 14 children between eight and twelve years old and 19 parents. Interviews were analyzed using a general inductive approach. Our study shows that the development of experiential knowledge in food-allergic children starts in childhood. Children’ experiential knowledge is mostly acquired by applying teachings and experiencing reactions. The different illness perspectives between the child and his parents explain the distinctive properties of the children’s experiential knowledge. In food-allergic children, experiential knowledge promotes self-management skills and also senses of normality and balance thus contributing to better quality of life. In conclusion, experiential knowledge of food-allergic children exists and should be recognized. This knowledge is distinctive from their parent’s and impacts positively the children’s self-management skills and their own illness perspective. Clinicians and parents would benefit of support and methods to understand and mobilize the food-allergic child’s experiential knowledge.

The objective of the thesis is to advance the concept of learning by explicating the mechanisms contributing to knowledge accumulation and its transfer to new situations. On the basis of 44 case studies, the framework is refined to accurately capture the unique features and outcomes of experiential knowledge in acquisitions. Feedback from the performance of prior acquisitions was found to enrich representations of action-outcome linkages and modify procedures in search and valuation. Inferential transfer though depended on similar kinds of features emerging in subsequent decisions. Outcomes therefore reflected the integration of feedback processes and similarity judgments. From the case studies, a set of hypotheses was developed and their plausibility tested, using another data set on the acquisitions of 687 managers. The research finds that the performance of prior decisions and the similarity to prior experiences materially impact behaviour. Poor performance in prior, similar acquisitions led to a reduction in subsequent risk behaviour, illustrated by the extent of risk management and by the lessening of commitment to specific transactions. The impact of performance feedback was also extant in the similarity of choice to prior experiences. The results illustrate that although feedback shapes perceptions of likelihood and expected value, similarity judgments moderate the impact of prior performance on behaviour. Given the impact on acquisition behaviour, the research also illustrates that prior experiences do not necessarily increase performance. Adaptation from prior failures was not unambiguously linked to positive returns, suggesting limitations from feedback mechanisms. Rather, the extent and similarity of acquisition experience led to a reduction in the variability of performance. By providing a framework for selecting planning procedures, greater experience tended to reduce surprises post-acquisition.

This research aims towards gaining a deeper understanding in how a manager’s previous experience influence which foreign entry mode chosen by a Swedish SME, where the manager acts as the decision-maker. Interviews were held with managers from different Swedish firms in order to collect empirical data that thereafter were analysed. In order to get a deeper understanding as to how the experience influenced the choice of entry mode, a qualitative research were implicated. The theory is based upon a conceptual framework where the managers previous experience is divided into educational background, international experience and position tenure. Furthermore, the conceptual framework includes the Uppsala Model, which the thesis is based upon, and entry modes as this is where focus lays. From the conceptual framework, the empirical findings and analysis is structured as a combined chapter. Based on the theory, empirical findings and analysis, a conclusion is presented, with the aim of answering the research question and also to fill the research gap regarding how a manager’s previous experience influence the choice of entry mode for Swedish SMEs. That a manager’s previous experience influenced was understood, however, that international experience influenced the choice to a higher extent is presented. An additional main implication is how the manager could be placed in line with the Uppsala Model, where the choice of entry modes can vary and incrementally shift to another entry mode as a manager gain experiential knowledge.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 rachel_chang_vrevisada.pdf: 1950619 bytes, checksum: 4bc508abe541c6864ab36cc62bbfde90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12 / Internationalization speed of multinational enterprises through foreign subsidiaries is a relevant topic on the international management literature. Its definition, however, presents conceptual differences. Some authors conceptualize internationalization speed with a onedimensional perspective, considering the difference between the year of the multinational's first performance abroad and its year of foundation. Others add to this view the subsequent entries after the first internationalization in a particular country or region. The question of how to measure the internationalization speed also does not present a consensus among different authors, as it can be related to new subsidiaries (commitment speed) and to the countries abroad (dispersion speed). Moreover, extrinsic and intrinsic aspects related to subsidiaries can influence the pace of their international expansion. This study aims to analyze the influence of institutional distances, dismembered on its regulatory, normative and cultural-cognitive pillars and experiential knowledge, subdivided into regional and global experience, into the speed of commitment and dispersion of multinational enterprises through foreign subsidiaries. For this purpose, a secondary base was used with 492 operations within electronics industries established in 46 countries. The hypotheses raised were analyzed with the use of correlations and multiple linear regressions. The results presented suggest three contributions to the academic literature. First, it is important to differentiate the speed of internationalization in terms of commitment and dispersion. Secondly, it is observed that the experiential knowledge positively moderates the relation between commitment and dispersion speed and the institutional distance. Finally, high regulatory and normative distances can be positive for the commitment speed through subsidiaries when the multinational enterprise has little international experience. Thus, this study suggests that other aspects can positively contribute to stimulate international expansion and, therefore, opens up opportunities for future contributions to the theme of internationalization speed. / A velocidade de internacionalização de empresas multinacionais por meio de subsidiárias no exterior constitui um relevante tópico na literatura de gestão internacional. Sua definição, entretanto, apresenta diferenças conceituais. Há autores que abordam a velocidade de internacionalização sob uma perspectiva unidimensional, considerando a diferença entre o ano da primeira atuação no exterior com o estabelecimento da subsidiária no país anfitrião e o ano de fundação da multinacional. Outros acrescentam a essa visão as entradas subsequentes à primeira internacionalização em um determinado país ou em uma região. A questão de como mensurar a velocidade de internacionalização também não apresenta um consenso entre os autores, podendo se relacionar às novas subsidiárias (velocidade de comprometimento) e aos países para atuação no exterior (velocidade de dispersão). Adicionalmente, aspectos extrínsecos e intrínsecos às subsidiárias podem influenciar o ritmo de sua expansão internacional. Este estudo objetiva analisar a influência das distâncias institucionais, desmembrada em seus pilares regulatório, normativo e cultural-cognitivo e o conhecimento experiencial, subdivido em experiência regional e global, na velocidade de comprometimento e de dispersão de multinacionais por meio de subsidiárias estrangeiras. Para isso, utilizou-se uma base secundária de empresas com 492 operações do setor eletroeletrônico, estabelecidas em 46 países. As hipóteses levantadas foram analisadas com o uso de correlações e regressões lineares múltiplas. Os resultados apresentados sugerem três contribuições à literatura acadêmica. Primeiramente, é importante diferenciar a velocidade de internacionalização no que tange o comprometimento e a dispersão. Em segundo lugar, observa-se que o conhecimento experiencial modera de forma positiva a relação da velocidade de comprometimento e de dispersão com a distância institucional. Finalmente, uma alta distância regulatória e normativa pode ser positiva para a velocidade de comprometimento por meio de subsidiárias quando a multinacional possui pouca experiência internacional. Dessa forma, o estudo apresenta indícios de que outros aspectos podem contribuir positivamente para estimular a expansão internacional e, portanto, abre oportunidade para futuras contribuições ao tema velocidade de internacionalização.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Jose Lima Bezerra.pdf: 1511193 bytes, checksum: 7d527a2abd62cfd495e8f222ae84290a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The theme of this work is the relationship between prescribed curriculum, curriculum knowledge and experiential teaching and educational practices of teaching history in public high schools at interior of Pernambuco. We start from the premise that educational practice in history is much more driven conceptions of history and experience-based knowledge derived from education teachers than by curricular and pedagogical orientations arising from institutional and official documents. We base our work on the concepts and theories formulated by authors such as Maurice Tardif et al (2001, 2005 and 2010), Ivor Goodson (1995), Moreira and Silva (2011), Gimeno Sacristan (1998), Francisco Imbernon (2010), Antoni Zabala (1998 ) among others, on teacher knowledge and curriculum and Silva and Fonseca (2007) theories, Davies (1996); Siman (2004), Monteiro (2007) Bittencourt (2009), Gasparello (2001, 2007), Martin (2007) among others, to study the teaching of history, in addition to the documents that constitute the curriculum policy in history and Pernambuco in Brazil, such as the National Curricular Parameters for the Humanities and its technologies, Theoretical and Methodological Guidelines for teaching History from the Department of Education of Pernambuco, beyond the political-pedagogical projects and Teachers of Schools Planning Teacher Ivonita Alves Guerra and the School for Excellence in Secondary Education Arnaldo Assunção empiricus locus of this work. We seek to conduct this research through a qualitative approach, through the use of recorded oral interviews, semi-structured questionnaires and structured observations. Research has shown us that history teachers recognize the importance of official curriculum documents for the teaching of this subject, however pursue their educational practice based more on their teaching experiences acquired over time than in the curricular requirements for teaching history in stage of basic education / O tema do presente trabalho é a relação entre currículo prescrito, saberes docentes curriculares e experienciais e as práticas educativas do ensino de história em escolas públicas de ensino médio do interior de Pernambuco. Partimos da premissa de que a prática educativa em história é muito mais orientada pelas concepções de história e educação oriundas dos saberes experienciais docentes do que pelas orientações curriculares e pedagógicas advindas dos documentos oficiais e institucionais. Fundamentamos nosso trabalho nos conceitos e teorias formulados por autores como Maurice Tardif et al (2001, 2005 e 2010), Ivor Goodson (1995), Moreira e Silva (2011), Gimeno Sacristán (1998), Francisco Imbernón (2010), Antoni Zabala (1998) entre outros sobre os saberes docentes e as teorias curriculares e Silva e Fonseca (2007), Davies (1996); Siman (2004), Monteiro (2007), Bittencourt (2009), Gasparello (2001;2007), Martín (2007) entre outros, para o estudo do ensino de história, além dos documentos que constituem a política curricular em história no Brasil e em Pernambuco, como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para as Ciências Humanas e suas tecnologias, as Orientações Teórico-Metodológicas para o ensino de História a partir da Secretaria de Educação de Pernambuco, além dos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos e os Planejamentos Docentes das Escolas Professora Ivonita Alves Guerra e da Escola de Referência em Ensino Médio Arnaldo Assunção, locus empiricus da realização deste trabalho. Procuramos realizar esta pesquisa por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, através do uso de entrevistas orais gravadas, questionários semiestruturados e observações estruturadas. A pesquisa nos mostrou que os professores de história reconhecem a importância dos documentos curriculares oficiais para o ensino desta disciplina, entretanto exercem a sua prática educativa com base muito mais nas suas experiências docentes adquiridas ao longo do tempo do que nas prescrições curriculares para o ensino de história na etapa média da educação básica

O estágio supervisionado na formação inicial de professores é o momento no qual os licenciandos são inseridos, como professor, em seu ambiente profissional. Para se compreender o lugar do estágio na formação docente é necessário investigar como os saberes docentes dos licenciandos são elaborados durante essa formação. A pesquisa aqui apresentada possui como tema central a produção de saberes docentes por licenciandos em física durante o estágio supervisionado investigativo em sua formação inicial. Um estágio que envolve uma dimensão de ensino, caracterizada pelas atividades de regência dos licenciandos, e uma dimensão pesquisa, que envolve os licenciandos em um processo de pesquisa sobre a sua própria prática. Utilizamos a conceituação de saber como constructo de pesquisa e a centralidade dos saberes experienciais na prática profissional docente, tal como propostos por Tardif (2008), a fim de compreendermos a elaboração e a validação de saberes docentes pelos licenciandos durante o estágio supervisionado investigativo. Utilizamos também o Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo (PCK), como esquema teórico de análise com o intuito de caracterizar as interações existentes entre os saberes docentes relacionados às atividades de regência desenvolvidas pelos licenciandos. O pesquisador, como supervisor de estágio, orientou, durante um semestre, dois licenciandos de uma universidade pública de São Paulo no desenvolvimento de seus estágios. A análise dos dados envolveu dois recortes: um primeiro longitudinal, a partir das gravações das reuniões de supervisão entre os licenciandos e o pesquisador, além de uma apresentação final de estágio e uma entrevista final individual, que propiciou uma linha cronológica da elaboração e validação dos saberes docentes conforme o desenvolvimento do estágio supervisionado investigativo; e um segundo recorte transversal, com base em cinco unidades temáticas de análise, originárias da primeira etapa de análise, que nos permitiu esmiuçar a elaboração e validação dos saberes docentes desenvolvidos pelos licenciandos durante o estágio supervisionado investigativo. A partir desses dois recortes analisados de forma mais descritiva, foi possível delinear um melhor entendimento da relação teoria e prática e da centralidade dos saberes experienciais no decorrer do estágio supervisionado investigativo. A percepção da centralidade dos saberes experienciais e do movimento do PCK na atividade de regência dos licenciandos no desenvolvimento do estágio supervisionado investigativo nos possibilitaram refletir sobre a formação inicial de professores e propor redirecionamentos que podem contribuir para uma formação teórico-prática mais efetiva. / The supervised practicum in initial teacher education is the moment in which the pre-service teachers are inserted, as a teacher, into their professional environment. To understand the place of internship in teacher education is necessary to investigate how the teachers knowledge pre-service teachers are prepared during the training. This research focus on the development of teachers knowledge by pre-service teachers during a investigate supervised practicum occurred in their initial teacher education. A investigate supervised practicum comprehends both the teaching dimension, the latter having as its main characteristic the teaching activities carried out by the pre-service teachers, and the research dimension, which takes into account a process whereby pre-service teachers examine their own pedagogical practices. The concept of knowing as a research construct and the centrality of experiential knowledge in teachers professional practice are considered, as proposed by Tardif (2008), so as to understand the development and validation of teachers knowledge by pre-service teachers throughout the investigate supervised practicum. Moreover, the so-called Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) was also applied as a theoretical framework of analysis in order to describe the interactions prevailing in the teachers knowledge related to the practicum accomplished by the pre-service teachers. The researcher, as the practicum supervisor, guided and assisted two pre-service teachers of a public university of São Paulo over one semester in the development of their practicum. The analysis of the data involved two perspectives: firstly, a longitudinal one, which regarded the recorded supervision meetings between the pre-service teachers and the researcher, as well as a practicum final presentation, and an individual final interview, which provided a timeline of the of the development and validation of teachers knowledge as the supervised pre-service teachers practicum progressed; and secondly, a transversal perspective, based on five thematic units of analysis, originating in the first stage of analysis, which allowed us to look deeper the development and validation the teachers knowledge by pre-service teachers during the supervised practicum. From these two perspectives examined in more descriptive way, it was possible to devise a better understanding of the theory-practice relationship and the centrality of experiential knowledge in the accomplishment of the investigate supervised pre-service teachers practicum. The perception of the centrality of experiential knowledge and the movement of PCK in the teaching activities of pre-service teachers in the development of investigative supervised practium, allowed us to reflect on the initial teacher education and propose redirects that can contribute to a more effective theory-practice relationship.

Cette thèse explore les représentations sociales du handicap dans la société française en interrogeant la question fondamentale de l’altérité, notre regard de la différence, aux croisées des domaines de la politique et de la santé. L’observation participante menée dans le Sud-Ouest a mis en exergue l’héritage culturel dont sont issues les représentations actuelles du handicap : fantasmes, peurs, idée de contagion du handicap … La représentation sociale aurait donc peu évolué malgré la mondialisation de la culture (J.P. Warnier, 2008). Réduit à l’image du fauteuil roulant, la question du handicap repose davantage sur un enjeu politique et de santé puisqu’il est au cœur de l’évolution sociétale. En effet, la loi du 11 février 2005 impose aux collectivités leur accessibilité afin de permettre l’égalité des chances des personnes en situation de handicap. Par cette mise en conformité de l’environnement, l’image du handicap se réduit à la mobilité. Ainsi, il semblerait qu’il persiste une volonté inconsciente à ramener les personnes handicapées à la marge de la société. Par conséquent, nous pouvons confirmer que les représentations sociales détiennent toujours et encore une place importante dans le comportement collectif. Les faire évoluer passe alors par l’acquisition d’un savoir expérientiel. C’est pourquoi, nous avons souhaité vérifier cette hypothèse grâce à une enquête qualitative menée auprès des étudiants en soins infirmiers. / This thesis deals with the social representations of handicap in French society, by questionning the fundamental subject of otherness, our conception of difference, in both political and sanitary fields. The observation held in South West region highlighted the cultural and heritage of where the current representations of handicap come from : fantasies, fears, idea of a contagion of handicap... the social representation would therefore have barely progressed in spite of the globalization of culture (J.P. Warnier, 2008). Limited to the picture of a wheelchair, the subject of handicap consists more in a political and sanitary stake, since it is in the heart of the evolution of society. As a matter of fact, the law of February 11th 2005 impose on communities to assure their accessibility, in order to allow equal opportunities for handicapped people. Through this compliance of the environment, the conception of handicap is limited to mobility. Therefore, it seems that there is still an unconscious will to keep handicapped people at the margin of society. Therefore, we can claim that social representations still hold an important role in collective behavior. Their evolution requires to purchase an experiential knowledge. That's why we wanted to corroborate this statement thanks to a qualitative investigation organized with students in nursing school.