[pt] O objetivo desta tese foi aprofundar meus entendimentos acerca da relação pedagógica construída por mim, a professora, e um grupo de alunos durante um curso de inglês como língua estrangeira (ILE), na empresa em que eles trabalhavam. Para atender a esse propósito, registrei esta vivência em forma de diário durante os oito meses em que durou o curso que ministrei. Além desse diário, analisei também o potencial exploratório gerado por atividades pedagógicas realizadas pelos alunos em sala de aula e correspondências enviadas por eles a mim. A percepção do entrelaçamento de aspectos sócio-históricoindividuais, conscientes e inconscientes, presentes nos enunciados dos participantes do evento pedagógico e registrados nos documentos referidos acima, levou-me a aproximar três discursos - a Prática Exploratória, a Psicanálise e a Filosofia da Linguagem de Mikhail Bakhtin - para buscar entender com mais profundidade a natureza da relação pedagógica e a qualidade da vida em sala de aula. A partir da análise das formas de relação percebidas por mim e por meus alunos em nosso convívio pedagógico, pude perceber também a importância de estarmos atentos aos aspectos individuais-afetivos presentes no ambiente pedagógico. Discuto a centralidade desses aspectos na construção da natureza amorosa da relação pedagógica, que identifico como monológica e/ou dialógica, com base nas formas de relação percebidas por mim em minha prática pedagógica. Minha tese pretende aproximar os conhecimentos e a postura reflexiva dos professores que se orientam pela Prática Exploratória do saber da Psicanálise freudilacaniana sobre o sujeito humano e alguns conceitos-chave da Filosofia da Linguagem. Com essa pretensão, esta tese busca preencher uma lacuna no campo do ensino de inglês como língua estrangeira dada a escassez de teorias que partam da prática profissional do professor- investigador nessa área. / [en] The objective of this thesis was to enhance my understanding about the pedagogical relationship constructed between myself, as teacher, and a group of students taking a course in English as a foreign language (EFL) in the corporation where they work. In order to achieve this aim, I kept a diary during the eight months of the course. In addition to this diary, I also analyzed the exploratory potential generated by the pedagogical activities of the students in the classroom and the written messages sent by them to me. The perceived interweaving of the socio-historical and individual aspects, at a conscious and unconscious level, which are present in the utterances of the course participants and registered in the above-mentioned documents, led me to bring together three discourses - Exploratory Practice, Psychoanalysis and the Philosophy of Language of Mikhail Bakhtin - in order to understand more deeply the nature of the pedagogical relationship and of the quality of life in the classroom. The data analysis also enabled me to perceive the importance of paying attention to the individualaffective aspects present in the pedagogical environment. I address the central contribution of these aspects to the construction of the loving nature of the pedagogical relationship, which I identify as monological and/or dialogical, based on the relationships perceived by me in my pedagogic practice. The intended contribution of my thesis lies in approximating the knowledge and reflective posture of teachers oriented by Exploratory Practice to the knowledge of Freud- Lacan´s psychoanalysis about the human subject and to some key concepts of the Philosophy of Language. Thus, this thesis seeks to fill a gap perceived in the field of teaching English as a foreign language, on account of the scarcity of theories that derive from teacher-researchers´ professional practice.

The purpose of the study is to explore the possibility to use the experimental prototyping technique called Wizard of Oz as a requirements engineering technique in multimedia development with a focus on how to capture (and test) requirements for system responses in on-going GUI dialogues between user and system. The Wizard-of-Oz technique makes it possible to try interactive prototypes with users or in the development team without needing any programming to be conducted first. In a tourism context interactive prototypes made in the Wizard-of-Oz system called Ozlab were used to produce live answers to tourists. The prototyped information kiosk was offered as a complement to the already running tourist information website. The available surveys and web statistics regarding tourist information system could not provide non-functional requirements. Instead, three interviews and one observation were conducted, leading up to the four experiments where the WOz technique was tried as a requirements engineering technique in addition to the traditional data collection methods. The results of this study show how a graphical Wizard-of-Oz tool can be used as a complement to traditional requirements elicitation methods. The study also shows limitations to WOz based requirements engineering work; subject experts are needed in the wizard team, for example. The study also resulted in several developments of the experimental tool itself; the web feature was exploited much further than originally conceived by the Ozlab developers.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / Ulwaluko is a Xhosa word that refers to male circumcision, an initiation ritual performed to transform boys into men. The ritual is supposed to instill good moral and social values. Research has demonstrated that, the practice of Ulwaluko has undergone many changes primarily because of urbanization, acculturation and the emergence of back-door circumcision schools amongst other things. This has culminated in instances of moral decline such as criminal activity, drug abuse, risky sexual behaviour and inhumane behaviour among some of the initiates. There has been a recent upsurge in research on Ulwaluko in South Africa. However, lacking in this body of scholarship is a focus on how Ulwaluko constructs masculinities. This served as the motivation for my study. Given the above, my study explored the role of Ulwaluko in the construction of masculinity in men at the University of the Western Cape (UWC). Hegemonic masculinity (Connell, 1994; Connell & Messerschmidt, 2005) was used as a theoretical framework conceptualizing this study. The study utilised a qualitative framework and data was collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Seven participants aged from 19 to 32, consented to be part of the study. These were recruited using purposive sampling. The ethical considerations of the study adhered to the guidelines stipulated by UWC. Data was transcribed, and analysed using thematic decomposition analysis. The findings of this study indicate that Ulwaluko constructs masculinity in hegemonic ways. Through hegemony it establishes, maintains and retains control over young men, boys and women. It constructs an idealised masculine identity that is morally upright, faced with ritual challenges and burdened by a prescriptive set of masculine role expectations. This study also shows the self-reflexive, critical and imaginative engagement by men as they negotiated Ulwaluko‟s ideal masculinity. Such contestations resulted in the creation of rival masculinities. It also demonstrates how subject position(s) impact understandings and constructions of masculinities. This study provided a richer and more nuanced contextual understanding of the psychosocial realities of men who underwent Ulwaluko

Abstract A large body of animal studies indicates that reinforcement from alcohol is associated with dopaminergic neurotransmission in the mesocorticolimbic pathway. However, as most psychiatric phenomena cannot be studied with animals, human studies are needed. Furthermore, because of the fluctuating nature of phenomena regarding the status of abuse and withdrawal, repeated observations of the same study subjects under different situations can elucidate a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms. In this study 42 alcoholics were monitored during withdrawal and 30 alcoholics after four weeks of abstinence. 123I-β-CIT SPET was used as a method for the semi quantification of their striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) densities reflecting the function and structure of the dopaminergic system. DAT density was markedly lower during withdrawal among alcoholics as compared to control subjects, but it elevated during abstinence to the level of healthy volunteers. This increases in DAT density during withdrawal and afterwards correlated with the depression scores of alcoholics. DAT density correlated with the Novelty Seeking (NS) personality trait, especially among abstinent alcoholics. After four weeks of controlled abstinence alcoholics with an A1 allele of dopamine receptor D2 were found to have higher DAT densities than alcoholics without it. The results indicate that striatal DAT density is associated with mood, personality, A1 genotype and the length of the abstinence period after heavy alcohol drinking.

Abstract To gain competitive advantage and thrive in the market, companies have introduced Kanban in software development. Kanban has been used in the manufacturing industry for over six decades. In the software engineering domain, Kanban was introduced in 2004 to increase flexibility in coping with dynamic requirements, bring visibility to workflow and related tasks, improve communication, and promote the pull system. However, the existing scientific literature lacks empirical evidence of the use of Kanban in software companies. This doctoral thesis aims to improve the understanding of the use of Kanban in software engineering. The research was performed in two phases: 1) analysis of scientific literature on Kanban in software engineering and industrial engineering and 2) investigation of Kanban implementation trends in software companies. The data was collected through systematic literature reviews, survey and semi-structured interviews. The results were synthesized to draw conclusions and outline implications for research and practice. The results indicate growing interest in the use of Kanban in software companies. The findings suggest that Kanban is applicable to software development, software maintenance, and portfolio management in software companies. Kanban brings visibility to task and offering status, limits work in progress at any given time gives people greater control over their work and limit task switching. Although Kanban offers several benefits, as reported in this dissertation, the findings show that software companies find it challenging to implement Kanban incrementally. / Tiivistelmä Ohjelmistoteollisuudessa Kanbanin käyttö on yleistynyt vuodesta 2004 alkaen. Sillä pyritään tuomaan joustavuutta muuttuvien vaatimusten hallintaan, tuomaan näkyvyyttä työnkulkuun ja toisiinsa liittyviin tehtäviin, parantamaan kommunikaatiota sekä edistämään imuohjauksen hyödyntämistä. Kanbania on käytetty valmistavassa teollisuudessa jo yli kuuden vuosikymmenen ajan. Olemassa olevassa tieteellisessä kirjallisuudessa on kuitenkin esitetty hyvin vähän empiirisiä tutkimustuloksia Kanbanin käytöstä ohjelmistoyrityksissä. Väitöskirjan tavoitteena on parantaa ymmärrystä Kanbanin käytöstä ohjelmistotuotannossa. Tutkimus toteutettiin kahdessa vaiheessa: 1) Kirjallisuusanalyysi Kanbanin käytöstä ohjelmistotuotannossa ja tuotantotekniikassa ja 2) Empiirinen tutkimus Kanbanin käyttöönoton trendeistä ohjelmistoyrityksissä. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin systemaattisten kirjallisuuskatsausten, kyselytutkimuksen ja puolistrukturoitujen teemahaastattelujen kautta. Tutkimustulosten synteesin pohjalta tehtiin johtopäätöksiä Kanbanin käytöstä ohjelmistotuotannossa sekä niiden merkityksestä alan tutkimukselle ja Kanbanin käytölle yrityksissä. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat kasvavaa kiinnostusta Kanbanin käyttöä kohtaan ohjelmistoyrityksissä. Tulosten perusteella Kanban soveltuu käytettäväksi ohjelmistokehityksessä, ohjelmistojen ylläpidossa sekä tuoteportfolion hallinnassa. Kanban tuo näkyvyyttä ohjelmistokehitykseen, niin meneillään olevien tehtävien kuin portfoliotarjoaman osalta. Se myös auttaa rajoittamaan työtehtävien ruuhkautumista ja antaa kehittäjille paremman tavan hallita työtään rajoittamalla työtehtävien vaihtoa. Vaikka Kanbanin käytöllä on mahdollista saavuttaa väitöskirjatutkimuksessa esitettyjä hyötyjä, tulokset osoittavat, että ohjelmistoyrityksillä on haasteita Kanbanin inkrementaalisessa käyttöönotossa.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / The absence of a suitable measure to assess the health related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents in South Africa, led to the use of the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire in this study. This questionnaire was developed and standardised in Europe and it assesses quality of life from the subjective perception of children and adolescents in terms of their physical, mental and social well-being. The use of assessment measures with different populations or in different milieu from the original standardisation context necessitates establishing the validity of such measures for the new utilization context. Thus, the aim of this quantitative study is specifically directed at examining the construct validity of the KIDSCREEN-52 within a South African context. Accordingly, this study is located within the theoretical framework of construct validation theory. Data for this Secondary Data Analysis study was drawn from the “Impact of Hope and Exposure to Community Violence on children’s perception of Well-being” study. The primary study employed stratified interval criterion sampling to select 565 grade 9 learners, aged 14-18 from six public schools. The dataset for the current study comprised all participants (N=565) of the broader study. As the initial step in validation of the KIDSCREEN-52 within South Africa, the current study examined the factor structure of the KIDSCREEN-52 within this context by means of exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis with oblimin rotations. It also assessed the internal consistency reliability of each of the scales using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the same 10 factors as identified by previous European studies with some deviation in the last two factors, which warrants further examination. Internal consistency of the measure was shown to be acceptable, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.76 to 0.81 for the 10 scales. / South Africa

Drawing on multiple theoretical lenses, this research studies continuous transformation, or ‘morphing’, of a business process resource network (BPRN). The aim is to further our understanding of continuous organisational change at the lowest levels of analysis within an organisation: that is, at the resource level, and that resource’s relationships to other resources as they exist within a BPRN. Data was gathered from a single, in depth case study. Analysis was achieved by means of mapping BPRN evolution using ‘temporal bracketing’, ‘visual’ and ‘narrative’ approaches (Langley, 1999). The analysis revealed two mechanisms that appear to govern microstate morphing: bond strength and stakeholder expectation. In addition, four factors emerged as important: environmental turbulence, timing and timeliness of changes, concurrency of changes, and enduring business logic. An emergent model of microstate morphing which acknowledges the importance of socio-materiality in actor network morphogenesis (ANM) is presented. This study shows how effective relationships and configuration of resources within the BPRN can be achieved to facilitate timely, purposeful morphing. Five propositions are offered from the emergent ANM model. Specifically, these relate to the conditional operating parameters and the identified generative mechanisms for continuous organisational transformation within the BPRN. Implications for practice are significant. A heuristic discussion guide containing a series of questions framed around the ANM model to highlight the challenges of microstate morphing for practitioners is proposed. Two routes for future research are suggested: replication studies, and quantifying BPRN change in relation to an organisation’s environment using a ii survey instrument and inferential statistical analysis based on the ANM model features and propositions.

The field view is an identification procedure that was recently acknowledged in a national report assessing eyewitness identifications. However, the field view has not been empirically examined to date. In fact, very little is known regarding the effectiveness of the procedure. Because it is an exploratory procedure - used by police when they do not have a suspect in mind - it is important to determine how the field view fares in comparison to the traditional procedures such as lineups and showups, whereby police do have a suspect. Using a controlled, lab-based methodology, Study 1 examined correct and false identifications elicited from the field view procedure and whether filler similarity affects identification accuracy. Results revealed that the exploratory field view can be a harmful procedure, particularly when the perpetrator is not present in the location, as it produced significantly more false identifications (36%) than both the lineup (13%) and showup (5%) procedures. The reason for this alarmingly high rate of mistaken identifications is that in an exploratory procedure, there is not an a priori suspect, and thus, nobody in the location is known to be innocent, as fillers are in a lineup. Because of this, anyone identified would come under suspicion. A second study further examined whether the field view may be an acceptable identification procedure under a different circumstance, namely, when police do have a suspect. Study 2 used a more ecologically valid methodology to examine the hypothesis that this confirmatory field view procedure may fare superior to the showup under the condition that the field view is administered by someone who is blind to the identity of the suspect. Contrary to our predictions, however, all three procedures (i.e., field view with non-blind administration; field view with blind administration; showup) produced comparable correct and false identification rates. Overall, results indicate that a field view may be a viable procedure when it is used as a confirmatory procedure and includes fillers similar to the suspect. More research is needed to determine under what conditions exploratory procedures may be acceptable.

Animals must sense their surroundings to update their internal representations of the external environment, and exploratory behaviours such as sensory sampling are influenced by past experiences. This thesis investigates how voluntary sensory sampling activities undergo learning-dependent changes. Studies of freely behaving animals impose two major challenges: 1) the accuracy of biological measurements is compromised by movement-induced artifacts, and 2) large degrees of freedom in unrestrained behaviours confound well-controlled studies. Pulse-type weakly electric fish (WEF) are an ideal choice to study adaptive sensory sampling from unrestrained animals, since they generate readily observable and quantifiable sensory capture events expressed by discrete pulses of electric organ discharges (EODs). To study the voluntarily movements and sensory sampling while animals navigated in darkness, we developed three novel experimental techniques to track movements and detect sensory sampling from a freely behaving WEF: 1) an EOD detector to remotely and accurately measure the sensory sampling rate, 2) an electrical tracking method to track multiple WEF using their own EODs, and 3) visual tracking algorithm for robust body tracking through water under infrared illumination. These techniques were successfully applied to reveal novel sensory sampling behaviours in freely exploring Gymnotus sp. Cortical activity precedes self-initiated movements by several seconds in mammals; this observation has led into inquiries on the nature of volition. Here we demonstrate the sensory sampling enhancement also precedes self-initiated movement by a few seconds in Gymnotus sp. Next, we tested whether these animals can be trained to learn a location of food using electrically detectable landmarks and, if so, whether they can use their past experiences to optimize their sensory sampling. We found that animals revisited the missing food location with high spatial accuracy, and they intensified their sensory sampling near the expected food location by increasing the number of EOD pulses per unit distance travelled.

Cette étude de cas concerne des enfants âgés de 7 à 9 ans et demi, placés face à un instrument de musique informatique qu’ils n’ont jamais utilisé. Il s’agit de vérifier qu’un enfant, devant cet instrument, peut fabriquer une musique, sa musique, et d’étudier les vecteurs dynamiques orientant son activité musicale exploratoire. Nous émettons l’hypothèse qu’elle est bien évidemment musicale, mais surtout indépendante de l’instrument utilisé, et qu’elle s’appuie sur des pivots constitués à partir de l’instrument de musique ou de son utilisation, et non des seuls gestes effectués. L’analyse que nous menons est fonctionnelle. Pour l’effectuer, nous dressons de façon exhaustive le relevé des gestes observables et de la production musicale entendue. Nous décrivons ensuite le déroulement de chacune des séances observées, en tant qu’enchaînement de segments, caractérisés individuellement par un schème procédural particulier. Nous mettons en évidence la progressive évolution de ces schèmes, lesquels ont pour but de réussir, la réussite consistant dans la fabrication d’une musique, leur musique. Après avoir fractionné les séances en séquences, caractérisées par l’assimilation ou l’accommodation, nous confrontons les résultats obtenus pour en dégager la dynamique de l’activité musicale exploratoire et les pivots sur lesquels elle s’appuie, afin de définir la/les direction(s) musicale(s) empruntée(s) par les sujets lors de chaque séance. Nous terminons par une comparaison des résultats obtenus pour chaque enfant, afin d’en relever similitudes et différences. / This case study concerns children of 7;5 to 9;5 years old, without specific musical education, facing a musical computer instrument wich they have never used before. It is the matter of making sure that a child facing that instrument can make music, his music, and studying the dynamic vectors that direct the subjects’ exploratory musical activity. We put forward the hypothesis that these dynamics are of course musical, but, above all, independant of using the instrument. More, that they’re based on pivots made up from the musical instrument or the child’s use of it and not werely perpetrated movements Our analysis is functional. To make it, we draw up exhaustively, the statement of observable movements and heard musical production. We describe each studied session as a chain of segments, individually characterized by a particular procedural scheme. We underline these schemes’ progressive evolution. Their purpose is success; success consisting in this case of making music, the children’s own music. After dividing the sessions up into sequences, characterized by assimilation or accommodation, we look at the obtained results in order to bring out the dynamics of the musical exploratory activity and the pivots on which they are based, so as to specify the musical direction chosen by the subjects in each session. We finish by a comparison of the obtained results by each child, in order to note the similarities and the differences.