Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--droit public--Nantes, 1995. / Bibliogr. p. 489-515.

Th.--Faculté de droit--Paris, 1909.

Thesis--Catholic Univ. of America. / Bibliography: p. 153-160.

Thesis--Catholic Univ. of America. / Bibliography: p. 153-160.

L’expropriation pour cause d’utilité publique est une opération par laquelle l’administration peut contraindre un individu à lui céder sa propriété, dans un but d’utilité publique, moyennant une juste et préalable indemnité. En droit français, la procédure d’expropriation est répartie en deux phases, la phase administrative qui relève des autorités administratives et la phase judiciaire qui relève de la compétence du juge judiciaire. En ce qui concerne la législation iranienne, celle-ci se fonde seulement sur la phase administrative. Ici, les autorités administratives bénéficient d’une grande marge de manœuvre. Par contre, le rôle du juge y est très marginal. Afin d’améliorer le droit iranien, il serait nécessaire de modifier la législation à la fois sur le fond et sur la forme et en particulier de codifier, avec plus de logique et de cohésion des textes dispersés et tout ce qui touche l’expropriation. Par ailleurs, il serait temps de moderniser et de reconnaître les institutions juridiques inconnues du droit iranien qui renforcent la valeur de la propriété privée et qui garantissent l’intérêt public face aux abus de pouvoir. A ce sujet, le droit français pourrait inspirer la législation et la jurisprudence iraniennes. / The expropriation for public utility is a process by which the government can compel a person to give him his property in a public purpose, subject to fair and prior compensation.Under French law, the expropriation procedure is divided into two phases, the administrative phase which falls administrative authorities and the judicial phase within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts. Regarding the Iranian law, it relies solely on the administrative phase. Here, the administrative authorities enjoy a wide margin of maneuver, but the judge's role is very marginal.To improve the Iranian law, it is necessary to amend the legislation on both the substance and the form and particularly to codify, with more logic and coherence of scattered texts and everything related expropriation. Moreover, it is time to modernize and recognize unknown legal institutions in Iranian law that reinforce the value of private property and guarantee the public interest against the abuse of power. In this regard, the French law could inspire Iranian legislation and law.

Expropriation of buildings and land Abstract The represented thesis aims to completely analyse the institute of exproriation of buildings and land as it is governed by the Expropriaton Act. Expropriation as a traditional institute of Czech law is considered as the most severe interference with the property right and, as a result, the property right or right corresponding to the easement to the land or the building is deprived or limited. The diploma thesis starts with a general treatise on expropriation, especially by including this institute in the Constitution and related property right and its protection. The basic legal acts governing expropriaton are described. The definition of the term expropriation and the analysis of the objects and subjects of expropriation are also included in this part of the thesis. The second chapter deals with the individual conditions of expropriation that must be cumulatively fulfilled in order to expropriate. The conditions under the Expropriation Act are, among others, the public interest in achieving the puprose of expropriation, subsidiarity and proportionality of expropriaton, and compliance with the objectives and tasks of spatial planning. Another condition, which is the purpose of the expropriation stipulated by a special act, is the subject of the third chapter of...

I Sverige finns möjligheten för staten och företag att expropriera mark från fastighetsägare för att utöka eller effektivisera en allmännyttig anläggning. En ”allmännyttig anläggning” kan till exempel handla om ett företags önskemål att anlägga teleledningar i syfte att tillgodose eller förbättra en teleförbindelse till ett område. När det gäller rätten för ett företag att dra fram ledningar av olika slag tillämpas ledningsrättslagen som är speciellt utformad för markåtkomst angående anläggandet av ledningar. I de flesta länder har staten eller exploatörer möjligheten att ta mark i anspråk för att utveckla landets infrastruktur och att gynna allmännyttan. Genom att bygga ut eller dra om en motorväg kan man se till att den utnyttjar marken på bästa sätt utan att påverka omgivningen alltför negativt. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka huruvida skogsägare blir påverkade eller inte av att ledningsrätter upplåts nära eller alldeles intill deras skogsvägar istället för i skogsgator som är normalfallet. Material till arbetet har samlats in genom studier och analyser av publikationer angående gällande rätt, normer och rekommendationer om ersättning, empiriskt material har införskaffats genom expertintervjuer.   Resultatet visar att skogsägare blir negativt påverkade av ledningens placering intill väg genom att den kan begränsa möjligheterna till lastning och skotning av virke vid vägen. Denna påverkan kan dock minimeras genom kommunikation och god planering parterna emellan. Vanligast är det att ledningshavaren och markägaren kommer överens om planeringen och ersättningen. Om det blir tal om expropriation används ledningsrättslagen som i sin tur hänvisar till expropriationslagen som anger vad som ska stå till grund för ersättning.

RÉSUMÉ This master's thesis examines the legal institute of "Expropriation of Real Property", i.e. severe interference with the inalienable absolute right to own property, which is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Czech Republic as well as the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. This thesis concentrates on the basic principles of the institute of "Expropriation", the current legal framework, its comparison to earlier institutes and to the institutes implemented in various EU member states; it also examines current and past court cases and analyses court rulings of all levels of jurisdiction dealing with the subject of "Expropriation". This thesis also comments on the current legal framework, indicates its potential problems and attempts to find a solution taking into account that there is hardly any literature covering the current legal framework and that there have not been many court rulings dealing with this subject in contemporary Czech history, which on the other hand gives enough space for the reasoning of the respective authors covering the given subject. Moreover, given the lack of the aforementioned sources, it is difficult to grasp the subject and come to grips with it properly. This offers a whole range of possible interpretations and differing...

Commercial expropriation occurs when real property is compulsory acquired by a private operator. This phenomenon is relatively new and has been criticized not only because of the rules concerning compensation, but also from the point of view of permissibility. An intervention in the protection of property must fulfill the requirement of important public interest set out in RF 2 kap. 15 § in order for it to be allowed. There is no definition regarding what constitutes an important public interest, the only thing that exist is a non-exhaustive list in the preparatory work. This in turn has led to the creation of a broad discretion when it comes to determining what constitutes important public interests. The broad discretion is making it difficult for the courts to reject interventions due to the vague meaning of the requirement. Commercial expropriations are not exempted from the difficulty of determining the meaning of important public interests. What makes commercial expropriation controversial is the fact that it occurs under the same rules that govern communi-ty expropriation, although private operators are driven by profit motives. The problem is the fact that the requirement does not limit the possibilities of making interventions in the protection of property. The necessity of having a requirement without meaning that should limit the possibilities of making interventions can be questioned. The possibility of making all or nothing fit under the requirement can affect legal certainty in a negative way, because it becomes difficult to predict the reasons that may justify expropriation. In order for the requirement to work as a limitation, there must be a clarification concerning its meaning. A first step in that direction is to introduce a clarification in the preparatory work which would render the courts able to determine if the requirement is fulfilled.

Akademisk avhandling--Juridik--Stockholm, 1979. / Résumé en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 291-307.