Researchers have documented the increasing role of grandparents who provide care for their grandchildren; however, few have studied extended family reconciliation after grandparents assumed their primary care. This study explored the reconciliation experiences of 12 grandparents who were primary caretakers of their grandchildren. Using Moustakas's phenomenological research approach, the participants were interviewed about their experiences of the relationship triad (grandparent-grandchild, grandparent-adult child, parent-child). Attachment theory and family systems theory were the conceptual frameworks to explore the central research question, which addressed the meaning of extended family reconciliation for grandparents who become primary caregivers of grandchildren. Using NVivo, the interview data were coded and grouped into themes of shared meaning. The results revealed 4 distinct themes: watching my adult child struggle; recognizing challenges; my grandchild's wellbeing; and communicating with my grandchild. Further, the lived experience revealed that extended family reconciliation was largely dependent upon the adult child's willingness, readiness, and capability to participate in the reconciliation process. Results of this study have the potential to benefit children in their grandparents' care by providing insights into the reconciliation experience, with meaningful results to be shared with the professional community and grandparents who care for their grandchildren.

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Tidigare forskning har visat att mer än hälften av alla barn som utsatts för risk under uppväxten inte utvecklar allvarliga psykiska problem. Uppväxt på barnhem kan anses vara en sådan risk då det typiska samspelet mellan barn och vuxna saknas. För att förstå vad det är som gör att barn på barnhem ändå kan växa upp och få en tillfredsställande vardag tar denna studie sin utgångspunkt i begreppet resiliens. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka möjligheter och begränsningar det finns för utveckling av resiliens på ett barnhem i Tanzania. Studien har en kvalitativ metod med mikroetnografisk ansats. Data har samlats in genom deltagande observationer som kompletterats med semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre informanter från personalen på barnhemmet. Studiens resultat beskriver barnhemmet som en institution där rutiner och en tydlig struktur var en viktig del av vardagen. Kristendomen hade en central roll på barnhemmet och i barnens uppfostran. Resultaten visar att aga och disciplinering användes i uppfostrande syfte. Vidare synliggjordes ambitionen att barnen skulle bli självständiga och de äldre barnen lärde sig att ta hand om de yngre. Betydelsen av kärlek lyftes fram i många sammanhang och barnens känsla av att tillhöra en familj ansågs vara betydelsefull. Personalen arbetade för att uppväxten på barnhemmet skulle bli så lik uppväxt i en biologisk familj som möjligt. I resultatet framkom även hur barnens tid med vuxna var begränsad. Slutligen redogjordes för betydelsen av de personliga egenskaper som barnen bär med sig från sina biologiska familjer. Med begreppet resiliens som teoretisk utgångspunkt blev slutsatserna att barnhemmet har potential att utgöra en god grund för utveckling av resiliens. Samtidigt som en begränsning för utvecklingen av resiliens kan vara den brist på tid med vuxna som framkommer i resultatet. Den här studien lyfter både faktorer inom den sociala kulturen och sociala relationer som kan underlätta och försvåra utvecklingen av resiliens. Hur dessa faktorer påverkar resiliens skiljer sig mellan individer vilket kan försvåra att nå en generell slutsats.

This thesis studies human habitat in Palestine focusing on the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This period, had witnessed changes on social texture, which was reflected on human habitation at various levels of: site and plan organization, size of dwellings and architectural form. The study presents a clear understanding of traditional dwellings of Alkhalil (Hebron), by placing them within their architectural and social contexts. The appearance of central hall house was part of this change / it was part of a fashion spread at the newly established neighborhoods of many Palestinian towns. Those houses are in the form of individual structures located in a defined property or garden surrounding each. A large group of buildings of this type of houses in Al-khalil are studied. Measured site survey supports the main hypothesis doing at how this fashion is found in Palestine as in other surrounding towns. The outcomes form the case study catalog focusing on Al-khalil / are compared with earlier dwelling (hosh) and with similar houses from surrounding Palestinian towns in growing circles. The main hypotheses establish the nature of this change, thus the analysis of the former and the later. To do this the earlier (Hosh) dwelling is being studied at different levels and periods. The site survey helped in understanding the traditional architectural and social values, which are maintained by the central-hall house inhabitants

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of African orphaned learners in relation to their educational experiences with the view of establishing whether the type of education received and the inferred quality of that education correlate with official conceptions of quality education as articulated in government policies. The study interrogates policy intentions geared to improving the quality of education in South African schools and juxtaposes the intended policy with the lived experiences of orphaned learners. This is a qualitative case study focusing specifically on four African primary school learners. Data were collected from interviews, observations and written stories of orphaned learners, as well as interviews with the orphaned learners’ teachers and caretakers. The claim I make in this study is that all learners living in impoverished communities and subjected to the kind of disadvantages in operation in their home environment are at risk of education of an inferior quality. However, being an orphan can aggravate this in that orphaned learners bring to school peculiar attributes which would produce outcomes that differ from those envisaged in policy documents. The findings of the study indicate that:<ul><il> (a) the behaviour displayed by orphaned learners, the emotional changes resulting from changing family circumstances, grieving the loss of parents and fear of losing the caregiver may impact negatively on the intended quality of education </il><il> (b) the socioeconomic and cultural contexts of orphaned learners have an influence on the received quality of education</il><il> (c) orphaned learners raised in sibling-headed households, where the primary educators (e.g. parents or surrogate parents) are non-existent, have impoverished educational experiences </il><il> (d) the support provided by the extended family can contribute positively to the educational experiences of orphaned learners </il><il> (e) the community can serve as a critical resource in enhancing the educational experiences of orphaned learners. <br> </ul> Finally, the study indicates that, by studying the lived experiences of African orphans, a better understanding of the quality of education received is made possible and this in turn could influence the conceptualisation of quality education and support structures required to achieve this ideal at higher levels of the education system. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Haitian immigrant population in the United States is the fourth largest immigrant group from the Caribbean after immigrants from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica. Cortes (2008) and the United Nations Children’s Funds (UNICEF) reported that 17% of children born from two-parent families in some Caribbean countries had a migrating parent at some time in their childhood (Cortes, 2008). Using a phenomenological study enlightened how Haitian adult children have coped with transnational separation, which is a term used to describe families who live in different countries while trying to maintain a collective welfare and unity across borders (Falicov, 2007). The goal of this phenomenological qualitative study was to examine the experiences of adult children who lived in Haiti and were raised by relatives while their parents lived in the United States. The saturation of theme was a maximum of six adult children (not gender specific). The primary data collection method was in-depth interviews with the adult children inviting them to recount their experiences growing up in Haiti while their parents lived in the United States. I attempted to explore the major stressors of financial, emotional, and psychological strains. For example, how did those children maintain a relationship with their parents and cope with family separation? The data was coded and analyzed according to the research questions. These conversations privilege the voices of adult children who have experienced this phenomenon.

Bakgrund  Som sjuksköterska är det i princip oundvikligt att inte komma i kontakt med döende patienter någon gång under sitt yrkesliv. Flertalet patienter önskar i dagsläget att få spendera sin sista tid i livet i sitt eget hem. Kunskap om den palliativa vården är därför viktigt, inte minst för patientens närstående som ofta har en stor roll vid palliativ hemsjukvård. Palliativ vård skall bedrivas i samråd med patient och om möjligt även dess närstående. Att vara vårdande närstående kan vara mycket påfrestande och det är därför viktigt att hälso- och sjukvård erbjuder gott stöd till de närstående. Rehnsfeldts omvårdnadsbegrepp ömsesidighet är ett viktigt begrepp inom den palliativa vården och sjuksköterskan har en stor roll i främjandet av ömsesidighet i relationen med de närstående samt patienten.   Syfte Syftet var att beskriva närståendes upplevelser av palliativ vård i hemmet. Metod Designen var en litteraturöversikt där både kvalitativa och kvantitativa originalartiklar inkluderades. Artikelsökningarna skedde i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed i september 2020. Totalt inkluderades sexton vetenskapliga artiklar i litteraturöversiktens resultat, tio kvalitativa respektive sex kvantitativa, som var publicerade mellan år 2010–2020. De sexton inkluderade artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Sophiahemmet högskolas bedömningsunderlag för vetenskapliga artiklar och analyserades utifrån integrerad analysmetod. Resultat Litteraturöversiktens huvudfynd presenterades utifrån tre kategorier med utgångspunkt i Närståendes upplevelser av att leva i närhet till sjukdom och död, Närståendes upplevelser av stöd och Närståendes upplevelser av den sena palliativa fasen. Majoriteten av studierna visade på att närstående upplevde en stor känsla av ansvar och att de var i behov av stöd från personer i sin närhet, antingen sjukvårdspersonal eller andra närstående. Studierna i resultatet belyste även vikten av god information under hela palliativa vårdtiden. Slutsats Gemensamt för flertalet studier var att det var viktigt med gott stöd. Stödet kom inte alltid från sjukvården utan kunde komma från andra närstående men gemensamt var att de närstående då kunde uppleva en känsla av ömsesidighet. Det är viktigt att involvera närstående i den palliativa hemsjukvården men det är samtidigt viktigt att inte lägga ett för stort ansvar på den närstående så det inte blir till en börda. / Background As a nurse, it is basically inevitable to not encounter dying or death at some point throughout the professional career. Many patients express a wish to die in their own home. Therefore, knowledge of palliative care is important, not least for the patient's close/extended family, who often play a major role in palliative home care. Palliative care must be provided in consultation with the patient and, if possible, also with their family. Being a family caregiver can be very stressful and it is therefore with utmost important that health care providers offer support to the family caregiver. Rehnsfeldt's concept of mutuality is an important concept in palliative care and the nurse has a major role in promoting mutuality in the relationship with the family caregiver and the patient. Aim The aim was to describe relatives’ experiences of palliative homecare. Method The study design was a literature review, where both qualitative and quantitative original articles were included. The databases CINAHL and PubMed were in September 2020, used for finding articles. A total of sixteen scientific articles were included in this literature review’s results. Ten of the articles were qualitative studies and six where quantitative studies, all of which were published sometime between 2010–2020. The sixteen included articles were reviewed using Sophiahemmet University's quality control guidelines for scientific articles and then an integrated analysis method was performed. Results The literature review's main findings were presented in three categories which were; Relatives' perceptions of living close to illness and death, Relatives' perceptions of support and Relatives' perceptions of the late palliative phase. Most of the studies showed that the close/extended family member felt a great sense of responsibility and that they were in need of support from people in their vicinity, either from professional carers or from close/extended family. The studies in the results also highlighted the importance of good information throughout the palliative care period. Conclusions Common to most of the studies was the importance of adequate support to the relatives. The support did not always origin from healthcare professionals but could just as well origin from their relatives or friends. The common denominator was that the relatives through that the feeling of adequate support could lead to a sense of mutuality and belonging. It is important to involve the relatives in the palliative home care, but it is also important not to place too much responsibility on them so that the palliative home care does not become a burden.

No / This paper is ed from an action research project on promoting family-centred care in Nigeria through the practice of Nigerian Primary Nursing (NMPN). This article will present results of comparative evaluation of the impact of primary nursing on the quality of care received by patients in a 37-bedded acute medical-surgical, mixed sex ward in a specialist hospital in eastern Nigeria. A total of 44 nurses' interactions with 10 patients in the pre-NMPN period and 58 nurses' interactions with eight patients in the post-NMPN period were assessed using QUALPACS (Quality Patient Care Scale.). Results showed a significant improvement in the quality of nursing care with primary nursing practice. The greatest improvement in quality of nursing appeared to be in the elements that address the individual needs of the patient, while the smallest improvements were in the area of physical care--elements of routine, technical nursing care. Implications of the study and recommendations for further studies are made.

Doctor Legum - LLD / In Africa generally, orphaned and vulnerable children are traditionally cared for by their relatives or close family friends; this is an abiding practice even in contemporary times. This was historically considered to be a moral obligation binding on different relatives in different ways or at differing levels. In the face of the increasing complexities and changing demographics in African societies, high levels of poverty and socioeconomic inequalities as well as the incidence of HIV and AIDS, among others, the traditional family continues to undergo structural changes and experience various challenges which make child rearing responsibilities difficult to cope with especially in the context of loss of parental care. Nonetheless, the extended family system still bears the greatest burden in caring for such children, despite the obligation of governments to provide alternative care for children without parental care. The care of children who have become deprived of parental care by other relatives/family members or family friends is generally described as kinship care. This study seeks to examine kinship care against the background of international children’s rights law as encapsulated in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Guidelines on the Alternative Care of Children and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, among others. Thus, this research seeks answers to a number of related research questions such as: Does the international children’s rights framework recognise or provide for kinship care as a measure of alternative care for children deprived of a family environment? What is the history and practice of kinship care in Africa and what are the challenges confronting kinship care in contemporary African societies? What is the relationship between kinship care and the child protection system? And what forms of support are available for kinship care at both the international and national levels? Four main themes are considered in separate chapters of the thesis as follows: the contextual and historical background to kinship care in Africa; the international and regional legal framework on the right to alternative care; the conceptualisation of kinship care as alternative care; and the law and practice of kinship care in selected domestic jurisdictions. South Africa and Namibia are the main focus of this study in the chapter on the status of kinship care at the domestic level. This is mainly because both countries have made some progress in the attempts at (legally) providing for kinship care and addressing some of its attendant challenges, with a particular emphasis on the provision of support for kinship care.

The phenomenon of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Zambia is a consequence of the HIV and AIDS epidemic. Many of these children are orphaned at a critical developmental stage of their lives when parental care and nurture is most needed. In the African world view, children’s opinions in matters concerning them including care are rarely sort or heard. The main aim of this research was to gain a holistic understanding of the silent voices of children affected and/or infected by the HIV and AIDS, and specifically about their experiences of care and/or lack of it. The other aims were: 1) to research alternative means of getting the silent stories of the marginalized children heard by the Zambian society; and 2) to disseminate the research findings to policy makers. Ten children orphaned by AIDS and vulnerable children, who are the core-searchers, drawn from three Lusaka urban based NGOs participated in the study. The research process and experience was reflected upon by the researcher, co-researchers and the care givers. The research was carried out from a Practical Theology perspective and the narrative approach within the postmodern social-constructionist paradigm. The ABDCE model for fiction writing as a metaphor for doing narrative research was used. This approach enabled the researcher to carry out the research in a systematic manner. It also allowed the researcher and the co-researchers to begin and work together throughout the research process, as the researcher listened to the co-researchers’ stories and experiences of care and/or lack of it and was drawn into them. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Practical Theology / unrestricted