Abstract The object of this research was to analyze external and internal environments of information systems and to find factors that influence the acquisition, provisioning and utilization of information systems, and to identify the effects. The research object was to identify relations between the environmental factors’ impacts and information systems in an education and research organization. The empirical research was executed at the University of Oulu. In this research the qualitative method was utilized. The research data was gathered through interviewing the personnel of the university, altogether 35 persons, standing for four groups: administration, education and research, services and information system support. At first the environmental factors influencing on the information systems were identified and analyzed from related studies. Their impacts on an education and research organization’s information systems’ acquisition, provisioning and use were then empirically analyzed. The impacts of generic environmental factors, regulation factors, financial factors and internal environmental factors were evaluated. The internal environment’s factors had relatively intensive and plentiful influence, because also external factors influenced trough the internal environment. This research gives a rigorous conceptual view to information systems’ environmental factors and their impacts in an education and research organizations and provides perspectives to additional studies, too. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli analysoida tietojärjestelmien ulkoista ja sisäistä ympäristöä ja löytää tekijöitä, joilla on vaikutuksia niiden hankintaan, käyttöönottoon ja käyttöön samoin kuin tunnistaa niiden vaikutuksia. Tavoitteena oli kehittää malli, joka ilmentää ympäristövaikutusten suhteita tietojärjestelmiin koulutus- ja tutkimusorganisaatiossa. Tutkimus tehtiin Oulun yliopistossa. Tässä tutkimuksessa käytettiin laadullisen tutkimuksen menetelmiä. Tutkimusaineisto perustui Oulun yliopiston henkilökunnan haastatteluihin, joihin osallistui 35 henkilöä. He edustivat yliopiston johtoa, koulutus- ja tutkimushenkilöstöä, palveluyksiköitä sekä tietojärjestelmien parissa työsteleviä. Tietojärjestelmien käyttäjinä heistä monella oli suhteellisen monipuolinen ja vankka, mutta toisaalta joillakin kapea-alainen kokemus. Aikaisempia tutkimuksia ympäristötekijöiden vaikutuksista organisaatioihin on varsin paljon, mutta ei juurikaan suoranaisesti tietojärjestelmiin liittyen. Tässä tutkimuksessa jäsennettiin ympäristötekijöiden vaikutuksia tietojärjestelmiin ja analysoitiin empiirisesti, mitkä tekijöistä vaikuttivat koulutus- ja tutkimusorganisaatiossa tietojärjestelmien hankintaan, käyttöönottoon ja käyttöön. Työssä tutkittiin yleisten ympäristötekijöiden, sääntely-ympäristön, taloudellisten ja sisäisen ympäristön tekijöiden vaikutuksia. Sisäisen ympäristön tekijöiden vaikutukset olivat suhteellisen voimakkaita ja runsaslukuisia johtuen siitä, että ulkoisen ympäristön tekijät vaikuttavat myös sisäisen ympäristön kautta tietojärjestelmiin. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin useita ympäristötekijöiden vaikutuksia tietojärjestelmien elinkaaren eri vaiheissa. Tutkimus antaa kokonaiskuvan ympäristötekijöiden vaikutuksista koulutus- ja tutkimusorganisaatiossa ja tarjoaa myös näkökulmia jatkotutkimukselle.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-06-18T23:11:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 33.pdf: 1765508 bytes, checksum: d921fbdef8015531446e414c52c66bf9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-18T23:11:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 33.pdf: 1765508 bytes, checksum: d921fbdef8015531446e414c52c66bf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho elabora de uma arquitetura de software que contempla dentro de dispositivos móveis na plataforma Android, a coleta de informações de contexto físico de localização (informações que são apenas coletadas em ambientes externos) e geração de contexto lógico de localização (informações que precisam de um processamento dos dados para ser encontradas em ambientes internos), estas informações são armazenadas em uma estrutura Web Semântica a qual sofrerá inferências para gerar mais um contexto lógico de recomendação de uso de recursos disponíveis no dispositivo móvel e anteriormente utilizados pelo usuário em um dado instante e local. A funcionalidade desta arquitetura será verificada com a construção de um protótipo na plataforma Android. Um dos desafios deste trabalho será coletar o contexto lógico de localização do dispositivo em locais internos, como prédios e casas, onde a intensidade do sinal do sistema de posicionamento global (GPS) é insuficiente para ser identificada, portanto neste trabalho será utilizado sensores acelerômetro e giroscópio presentes nos dispositivos móveis para calcular seu deslocamento. A localização interna será integrada a localização externa, formando um percurso contínuo. As informações coletadas no contexto físico são armazenadas em uma ontologia dentro do dispositivo móvel e sincronizadas com um servidor remoto. Outro desafio deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um agente de software que através dos dados armazenados na ontologia local, faz inferências nos dados armazenados na forma de Web Semântica e disponibiliza recomendações de uso de um determinado recurso, fundamentado apenas nos dados históricos de utilização destes recursos, relacionando a aproximação em determinado local com a frequência no tempo em relação ao mesmo horário do dia ou ao mesmo dia da semana e ao mesmo dia do mês. O armazenamento do contexto coletado, em uma estrutura Web Semântica, possibilita a união destas informações com demais informações coletadas de outros dispositivos contendo contextos que caracterizem um equipamento, um indivíduo ou uma sociedade. O resultado esperado da arquitetura apresentada neste trabalho, será o maior grau possível de precisão na posição geográfica identificada e a coerência das recomendações de uso de recursos disponíveis no dispositivo móvel em um dado instante e local. / This paper elaborates a software architecture that addresses within mobile devices on the Android platform, collecting information from the physical context of location (only information that is collected outdoors) and generation of logical context of location (information they need processing of the data to be found indoors) and stores this information in a Semantic Web structure which suffer inferences to generate a context logical of recommendation to use resources available on the mobile device and used previously by the user at a given time and local. The functionality of this architecture will be test by construction a prototype on the Android platform. One of the challenges of this work will be to collect the context of logical device location in indoor locations such as buildings and houses where the signal strength of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is insufficient to be identified, so this work will be used and accelerometer sensors gyroscope present in mobile devices to calculate your speed and direction. The location will be integrated inside the external location, forming a continuous path. The information collected in the physical context is stored in the ontology within the mobile device and synchronized with a remote server. Another challenge of this work is the development of a software agent that through data stored in the ontology on device, makes inferences on the data stored in the form of Web Semantic and provides recommendations for use of a given resource, based only on historical data of these resources by relating the approach in a certain place with the frequency in time over the same time of day or the same day of the week and the same day of the month. The architecture of this work is being called and Context Manager is integrated with the other two studies did not present this work: a Semantic Desktop with the task of identifying a resource that is being used to send and manager context; and Context's Federation, serving as a remote server, with the task of receiving context data collected by the context manager. The storage of context collected in a Web Semantic structure enables the union of this information with other context information that characterize a device, an individual or a society. The expected outcome of the architecture presented here will be the greatest possible degree of accuracy in the identified geographical position and consistency of recommendations for the use of resources available on the mobile device at a given time and place.

abstract: A low cost expander, combustor device that takes compressed air, adds thermal energy and then expands the gas to drive an electrical generator is to be designed by modifying an existing reciprocating spark ignition engine. The engine used is the 6.5 hp Briggs and Stratton series 122600 engine. Compressed air that is stored in a tank at a particular pressure will be introduced during the compression stage of the engine cycle to reduce pump work. In the modified design the intake and exhaust valve timings are modified to achieve this process. The time required to fill the combustion chamber with compressed air to the storage pressure immediately before spark and the state of the air with respect to crank angle is modeled numerically using a crank step energy and mass balance model. The results are used to complete the engine cycle analysis based on air standard assumptions and air to fuel ratio of 15 for gasoline. It is found that at the baseline storage conditions (280 psi, 70OF) the modified engine does not meet the imposed constraints of staying below the maximum pressure of the unmodified engine. A new storage pressure of 235 psi is recommended. This only provides a 7.7% increase in thermal efficiency for the same work output. The modification of this engine for this low efficiency gain is not recommended. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2011

Em um contexto de crescimento do volume de transferências de recursos públicos para entidades do terceiro setor e, ainda, de aumento do número de parcerias do Estado com tais entidades, cresce também a importância do controle estatal sobre as suas políticas de fomento e sobre a aplicação dos recursos transferidos. Paralelamente, a mídia, os órgãos estatais de controle e a academia jurídica manifestam preocupações com a corrupção na destinação desses recursos e com a ineficiência no seu emprego. Todos ainda enfrentam o desafio de fortalecer o terceiro setor, simultaneamente ao fortalecimento do controle do fomento estatal. A legislação federal brasileira, contudo, ainda não trata do assunto com o devido cuidado. Há um descompasso entre a importância do tema para o país, de um lado, e a insuficiência da legislação que o rege, de outro. Com este pano de fundo, esta tese descreve, primeiramente, qual é o direito vigente em matéria de controle estatal das transferências de recursos públicos da União para o terceiro setor. Em segundo lugar, aponta alguns dos principais problemas deste direito. Finalmente, sugere soluções para o seu aperfeiçoamento. Como ponto de partida para essas três vertentes de investigação, a tese trabalha com a hipótese de que tal controle é disciplinado por uma complexa teia de textos normativos que necessita ser reformada. O resultado das investigações é a confirmação desta hipótese, à medida que são reunidas evidências de que o quadro normativo geral é demasiado complexo, lacônico, excessivamente talhado pela via infralegal, descompassado com a Constituição Federal e ainda ineficaz a despeito de suas últimas reformas , demandando, sim, uma reforma legislativa. Com inspiração em projetos e anteprojetos de lei, assim como nas experiências espanhola e estadunidense pertinentes ao assunto e, ainda, levando em conta o diagnóstico de problemas efetuado, a tese defende seis medidas para reforma da legislação brasileira. Sustenta que tais medidas podem contribuir para a solução de parcela importante dos problemas da legislação vigente, tornando o controle estatal das transferências de recursos públicos para o terceiro setor mais democrático e consentâneo com os princípios constitucionais da impessoalidade, publicidade, motivação e eficiência. / In a context of growth in the volume of government transfers to nonprofit organizations, as well as in the number of partnerships between the state and these entities, there is also a growing need for the state to control its own funding policies and the use of the transferred resources. Simultaneously, the media, the state controlling agencies and the legal academia manifest their concern with the corruption involved in the destination of those resources and the inefficiency in its application. They also face the challenge of strengthening the nonprofit sector while curbing illegal behavior and strengthening state control of government stimulus initiatives. The federal legislation, however, still does not cope with the matter in a cautious way. There is a mismatch between the importance of the subject to the country, on one hand, and the limitations of the legislation that should govern it, on the other hand. Against this backdrop, this thesis describes, first, what is the current law governing federal control of its own funding of nonprofit organizations. Second, it points out some of the key problems of the existing legislation. Finally, it suggests solutions for its improvement. As a starting point for these three lines of investigation, it works with the hypothesis that the state control over grants to nonprofits is regulated by a complex net of legal norms which needs to be reformed. The result of the investigations confirms this hypothesis, as the thesis assembles evidences of an existing legal framework extraordinarily complex, laconic, excessively tailored through regulations in lieu of statutes, not totally aligned with the Federal Constitution and inefficient in spite of its latest reforms all these characteristics demanding, unequivocally, a statutory reform. Taking into account the diagnosis made and with an inspiration in bills and other legislative proposals in Congress, as well as in the Spanish and American experiences in the matter, the thesis pinpoints a number of six initiatives for the reform of the Brazilian legislation. It sustains that these initiatives should contribute to the solution of an important part of the flaws of the existing legislation, turning the state control of governmental transfers to nonprofits more democratic and tuned with constitutional principles governing the public administration, such as equality, publicity, reasoning and efficiency.

A utilização de enzimas como aditivos alimentares para poedeiras comerciais pode aumentar a digestibilidade dos nutrientes dos ingredientes da dieta. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de enzima xilanase em dietas de poedeiras comerciais à base de milho e soja sobre desempenho, morfologia intestinal e incremento de energia da dieta. Foram utilizadas 400 poedeiras da linhagem Hy-line, variedade W36 com duas semanas de idade submetidas às dietas experimentais até as 80 semanas de idade. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial 2x2 (nível de energia x inclusão de xilanase), totalizando 4 tratamentos com 10 repetições de 10 aves cada. Os tratamentos foram: controle positivo (dieta balanceada para respectiva idade); controle positivo+xilanase; controle negativo (dieta com redução de 100 kcal/kg no nível de EM); controle negativo+xilanase. Nas fases de cria e recria (2 a 6 e 7 a 17 semanas), foram realizadas as avaliações para peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, viabilidade criatória e uniformidade do lote. As seis e 16 semanas foram colhidos fragmentos de intestino das porções duodeno, jejuno e íleo para mensurações de altura de vilo e profundidade de cripta. Durante a fase de postura (18 a 80 semanas) foram avaliadas características de desempenho (ganho de peso, consumo de ração, produção, peso e massa de ovos, conversão alimentar e viabilidade criatória). Foram realizados ainda, quatro ensaios de digestibilidade (14, 36, 60 e 80 semanas) para determinação da energia metabolizável aparente e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida das dietas e coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes. Conclui-se que a suplementação de xilanase em dietas de poedeiras com redução de 100 kcal/kg de energia metabolizável promove melhor formação da mucosa intestinal e o fornecimento de dietas com níveis de energia adequados associadas à suplementação de xilanase proporciona valores de energia metabolizável (EMA) e energia metabolizável corrigida (EMAn) superiores em relação aos valores obtidos com dietas sem suplementação de enzima para fase de postura. Além disso, a adição de xilanase em dietas de poedeiras comerciais, a base de milho e soja possibilita a redução do nível de energia da dieta sem prejudicar o desempenho das aves. / The use of enzymes as feed additives for laying hens can increase the digestibility of nutrients present in diet. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects of xylanase enzyme supplementation in diets of laying hens based corn and soybean on performance, gut morphology and increased energy diet. Were used 400 layers of Hy-line W36 with two weeks of age fed experimental diets until 80 weeks of age. The birds were distributed to a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial (including energy level x xylanase), totaling four treatments with 10 replicates of 10 birds each. The treatments were: positive control (balanced diet to the age), positive control + xylanase, negative control (diet with a reduction of 100 kcal/kg ME) and negative control + xylanase. In phase of rearing (2 to 6 and 7 to 17 weeks), evaluations were made for body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, livability and uniformity. At six and 16 weeks were collected fragments intestine of portions duodenum, jejunum and ileum for measurement of villus height and crypt depth. During the laying phase (18 to 80 weeks) were evaluated performance characteristics (weight gain, feed intake, production, weight and egg mass, feed conversion and livability). Were also conducted four assays of digestibility (14, 36, 60 and 80 weeks) to determine the apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected, coefficients of metabolization of diet nutrients. It was concluded that supplementation xylanase in diets of laying hens with reduction of 100 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy promotes better formation of the intestinal mucosa and compensates for the reduction of dietary energy, providing metabolizable energy and feeding diets with energy levels associated with adequate supplementation of xylanase provide values metabolizable energy and corrected metabolizable energy above to the values obtained with diets without supplementation enzyme to the production phase. Furthermore, the addition of xylanase in diets for laying hens, based corn and soybeans, allows reduction in the level of dietary energy without damaging the performance of birds.

The thesis is focused on cooperation between external and internal audit and its benefits for the selected organisation and all concerned parties. Theoretical part deals at the beginning with the history of external and internal audit in Europe, United states of America and Czech republic. Other chapters are dedicated to the definitions, mission and contribution of external and internal audit. The thesis also deals with the czech and international legislation in the field of the analyzed audit. The practical part is focused on external and internal audit in two organisations, more specifically the University of economics in Prague and company ČEZ. Those organisations were selected with the intent of making a comparison of the contribution of the audits in different institutions, when it comes to the nature of business and size.

The topic of this diploma thesis is the strategic analysis of an organization. The strategic analysis is specifically applied to an allowance organization Správa a údržba silnic Jihomoravského kraje, příspěvková organizace. Objective contents of the thesis are divided into an analytical part and a strategic part in relation to the short history of the organisation and its current state described in respect of the organisation's substance, structure and processes. In the first chapter of the diploma thesis the organisation's history and consequently its current state are briefly outlined. In the second chapter the organisation's external and internal strategic analyses are carried out aiming at the evaluation of the initial organisation's strategic position. In connection to this analytical part, the third chapter concentrates on the formulation of the organisation's strategy and on the definition of its specific strategic objectives. With the gradual implementation of these objectives, the target strategic positioning of the organisation should be achieved. The final part of the diploma thesis summarizes the most important findings that can fundamentally influence the organisation's successful development in view of its long-term perspective.

The main purpose of this thesis is the analysis of communications and communication tools in small and large business. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is focusing on communication from the perspective of "ordinary" people and businesses. It is divided into the following parts: Communication, Corporate Communications. The practical part includes the methodology for the evaluation of communication tools in both companies, the characteristics of both companies, internal and external communication and tools in small and large businesses, including assessment, functions and skills of a business manager with an emphasis on communication. Evaluation of communication tools in both companies is based on the methodology created in this thesis. The evaluation conclusions are drawn and recommendations suggested. The main contribution of this thesis is an analysis of companies, and evaluation and recommendations.

In this diploma thesis we deal with the culture and strategy in Hospital Jindřichův Hradec. In the theoretical part the fundamental basis of culture and its change, strategy, strategic analysis and Morton's components and their interactions are defined. The objective of this work is to realize strategic analysis and find out basic problems of hospital. Another objective is to identify the basic content of the organizational culture and define the possibilities of its further shaping. Strategic analysis revealed especially problems with the hospital culture, motivation and communication. Organizational culture serves as a basic integrating element for other parts of the organization therefore we paid it more attention at work - the definition of its basic content (e.g. cooperation, communication, empathy) and possibilities of its change.

The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate the importance of audits of banks with respect to the Czech national economy within years 1993 - 2014. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the value of both external and internal audits as well as of internal control systems and of bank supervision in order to maintain a long-term stability of banks on the Czech financial market. In the light of knowledge gathered from the Czech banking crisis (late nineties of the 20th century) and from the latest widely-spread economic and financial crisis (2008), it has been proved that low-quality audits may consequently contagiously affect a great deal of financial institutions. As for the economies, a collapse of a larger number of banks in the short run may cause higher social costs (mainly due to government budget deficit when bailing out affected banks and to economic downturn). Analyses suggest that these crises have been a result of a confluence of many factors. In particular, a poor a management of banks and its interest in short-term profit-maximizing goals, trades with highly risky financial instruments (especially in the US and in the EU), likewise failures of both auditors and bank supervisors, account for some of the main factors. Moreover, it has been concluded that an institutional background (a weak law system in the Czech Republic) played an important role, too. The quality of audits was also influenced by an everlasting conflict of interest of statutory auditors who have been paid by the audited banks. This probably resulted in an unethical behavior of auditors. Furthermore, auditors were lacking the state-of-the-art knowledge in terms of rapidly developing financial instruments. As a matter of fact, auditors did not address all the risks the banks were facing to the stakeholders. This study indicates that both external and internal audits along with a bank supervision are important, nonetheless, not sufficient conditions assuring a long-term stability on financial markets.