The purpose of the here presented degree thesis is the comparison of six memoirs, dealing with the "holocaust" phenomenon from the perspective of each single writer, with a critical eye on the way the experience has touched the author's sensibility. I have focused the attention on the latest works published on this particular matter. This graduation thesis is primarily based on Tzvetan Todorov's book "Facing the extreme: moral life in the concentration camps".

Shock wave-boundary layer interactions (SWBLIs) have been studied ex-tensively due to their practical importance in the design of high speed ve-hicles. These interactions, especially the ones leading to shock induced separation are typically unsteady in nature and can lead to large fluctuating pressure and thermal loads on the structure. The resulting shock oscil-lations are generally composed of high-frequency small-scale oscillations and low-frequency large-scale oscillations, the source of the later being a subject of intense recent debate. Motivated by these debates, we study in the present work, the SWBLI at a compression ramp and on a forward-facing step (FFS) at a Mach number of 2.5. In the case of compression ramps, a few ramp angles are studied ranging from small (10 degree) ramp angle to relatively large values of up to 28 degrees. The FFS configuration, which consists of a 90 degree step of height h, may be thought of as an extreme case of the compression ramp geometry, with the main geometri-cal parameter here being (h/δ), where δis the thickness of the oncoming boundary layer. This configuration is less studied and has some inherent advantages for experimentally studying SWBLI as the size of the separa-tion bubble is large. In the present experimental study, we use high-speed schlieren, unsteady wall pressure measurements, surface oil flow visualiza-tion, and detailed particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in two orthogonal planes to help understand the features of SWBLI in the com-pression ramp geometry and the forward-facing step case. The SWBLI at a compression ramp has been more widely studied, and our measurements show the general features that have been seen in earlier studies. The upstream boundary layer is found to separate close to the ramp corner forming a separation bubble. The streamwise length of the separa-tion bubble is found to increase with the ramp angle, with a consequent shift of the shock foot further upstream. At very small ramp angles up to 10 degrees, there is no evidence of separation, while at large ramp angles of 28 degrees, the separation bubble extends upstream to about 3.5δ(δ=boundary layer thickness). In all cases, the separation bubble is however very small in the wall normal direction, typically known to be about 0.1δ, and hence is difficult to directly measure in experiments using PIV. Shock foot measurements using PIV show that the shock has a spanwise ripple, which seems directly related to the high-and low-speed streaks in the in-coming boundary layer as recently shown by Ganapathisubramani et al. (2007). The forward-facing step configuration may be thought of as an extreme case of the compression ramp geometry, with a ramp angle of 90 degrees. This configuration has not been extensively studied, and is experimentally convenient due to the large separation bubbles formed ahead of the step. In the present work, extensive measurements of the mean and unsteady flow around this configuration have been done, especially for the case of h/δ=2, where his the step height. Pressure measurements in this case, show clear low-frequency motions of the shock at non-dimensional frequencies of about fh/U∞≈ 0.02. In this case, PIV measurements show the pres-ence of a large mean separation bubble extending to about 4hupstream and about 1hvertically. Instantaneous PIV measurements have been done in both cross-stream (streamwise and wall-normal plane) and in the span-wise (streamwise-spanwise) plane. Instantaneous cross-stream PIV mea-surements show significant variations of the shock location and angle, be-sides large variations in the recirculation region (or separation bubble), this being determined as the area having streamwise velocities less than zero. From a large set of individual PIV instantaneous fields, we can estimate the correlation of the measured shock location to both downstream effects like the area of the recirculation region, and upstream effects like the presence of high-/low-speed streaks in the oncoming boundary layer. We find that the shock location measured from data outside the boundary layer is more highly correlated to downstream effects as measured through the recircu-lation area compared to upstream effects in the boundary layer. However, we find that the shock foot within the boundary layer has ripples in the spanwise direction which are well correlated to the presence of high-/low-speed streaks in the incoming boundary layer. These spanwise ripples are however found to be small (less than one h) compared to the highly three-dimensional shape of the recirculation region with spanwise variation of the order of 3 step heights. In summary, the study shows that the separated region ahead of the step is highly three-dimensional. The shock foot within the boundary layer is found to have ripples that are well correlated to fluctuations in the in-coming boundary layer. However, we find that the large-scale nearly two-dimensional shock motions outside the boundary layer are not well cor-related to the fluctuations in the boundary layer, but are instead well cor-related with the spanwise-averaged separation bubble extent. Hence, the present results suggest that for the forward-facing step configuration, it is the downstream effect caused by the separation bubble that leads to the observed low-frequency shock motions.

The course of endstage renal disease (ESRD) and receiving hemodialysis (HD) treatment is complex and filled with uncertainty. Part of this illness experience includes making end-of-life (EOL) care decisions. Many families are unprepared to make such decisions. Advance care planning (ACP) creates an excellent context for laying the groundwork for these emotionally charged conversations. Hemodialysis patients, their families and healthcare providers (HCPs) are in a unique position to begin the ACP process early in the illness trajectory, revisiting it when the patient’s health status, prognosis and treatment modality changes. To date, little research has focused directly on how families experience ACP conversations in the context of ESRD or HD. The purpose of this study was to explore family members’ experiences of participating in a facilitated ACP conversation with the HD patient. This approach recognizes and privileges the family’s role in the illness trajectory of ESRD and validates that they too are HCPs’ clients. Five families, consisting of the HD patient and one family member, who went through the ACP process were interviewed along with an ACP facilitator from the nephrology program. This focused ethnographic study applied the theoretical perspective of postmodernist critical theory to derive and analyze data from in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed a detailed description of the ACP process that included timing, readiness to acknowledge the potentiality of death, facing mortality, and finding meaning in the illness experience. As families started to deconstruct their experiences, they shared stories of communication breakdown, highlighting the complexities of their relationships with HCPs. Understanding the factors that potentially contribute to HD patients’, their families’ and the renal staff’s discomfort with death were analyzed. The study findings provide important direction for HCPs about how families make ACP decisions, how they perceive the ACP process, and what they identify as their EOL care needs and wishes. Failure to implement ACP as part of an EOL care program means that death will continue to be denied and clients’ EOL care needs will remain un-addressed. In order for ACP to be effective on HD units, sustainable resources are essential for patients, their families and HCPs. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

The subject of the diploma thesis is to design reclamation of brownfield PERLA 01 in Ústí nad Orlicí. The construction program consists conversion of existing building to assembly hall, gallery, tourist centre, sheltered workshop, rentable space, office building. New building is Start up centre. The project design a character of public space and a new square.

E-hälsa är och har varit på framväxt de senaste åren och idag finns mer och mer av vården tillgänglig digitalt. Denna utveckling sker också inom djurvården, men det finns inga vetenskapliga studier som beskriver djurägare som användare av digitala tjänster. För att utveckla riktade och användbara tjänster krävs god kännedom om målgruppen. Syftet med denna studie är att påbörja ämnet inom vetenskapen och kartlägga djurägares behov och inställning till digitala e-hälsotjänster för djur, och därmed skapa insikt kring målgruppens beteende och förväntningar. Denna information kan sedan användas i utvecklingen av tjänster där djurägare är den primära målgruppen. Genom en semistrukturerad explorativ enkätstudie samlades kvalitativa och kvantitativa data om svenska djurägare in. Studien grundades delvis på information från studier inom e-hälsa för människor och digitala vårdmöten. Utifrån den insamlade datan konstruerades fiktiva representativa användarprofiler, i.e. personas. Inom användarcentrerad design och utveckling är personas en välkänd metod för att på ett konkret sätt visualisera en tänkt användares behov och förutsättningar. Totalt 139 personer deltog i enkätstudien varav 39 personer hade använt en digital veterinärvårdstjänst. Majoriteten av deltagarna utgjordes av kvinnor och den största åldersgruppen var 26–45 år. Resultaten visar att djurägare är medvetna konsumenter som väljer djurvård med omsorg, då 62% någon gång aktivt bytt klinik. En överväldigande majoritet har försäkrat sina djur men ändå spelar ekonomiska faktorer stor roll för gruppen och påverkar deras val av djurvård. Resultatet indikerar att djurägare gör en aktiv bedömning innan de kontaktar veterinär, och att digitala veterinärvårdsapplikationer kan fungera som ett stöd i beslutsprocessen gällande om det är nödvändigt att besöka en fysisk klinik eller ej. Gruppen som använt veterinärvårdsapp är generellt mycket nöjda med tjänsten, även om flera påtalar det svåra i att visa upp skadan/djuret i ett videosamtal. / The e-health sector is growing rapidly, with more and more services becoming available to patients that allow them to digitally connect with their healthcare providers. E-health for pets has started to arise as well, but there is no research that covers the perspective of pet-owners as digital users. Good knowledge of the target user is critical for development of digital services that meet the wants and needs of end users. The aim of this study is to begin to remedy this research gap by mapping the mindset of pet owners, so as to provide greater insights into the behaviour and expectation of potential end users. This information can be utilized to further optimize and enhance user experience within development of applications where pet-owners are the target user. A semi-structured survey was created to collect quantitative and qualitative data and the survey sampled a wide range of Swedish pet owners. The survey was to some extent based upon information from studies within e-health for humans, with modifications made to apply to veterinary care. The gathered data was analyzed and used to create fictional user profiles, i.e. personas. Personas is a well-used method to visualize the needs and objectives of target users within user centered design and development. A total of 139 pet owners completed the survey. Only 39 had prior experience with digital veterinary applications. The majority of participants were female, and the largest age group were between 26 and 45 years. The results show that pet owners are aware consumers and carefully elect their pet care providers, as 62% actively have changed veterinary clinic. Even though an overwhelming majority of pet owners had pet insurance, economic factors were a key driver in determining pet care. The results indicate that pet owners evaluates the situation prior to contact with a veterinary, and that a digital veterinary app can be useful for pet owners by providing support in determining whether a visit to a veterinary clinic is necessary or not. Those that had prior experience with digital veterinary apps expressed that they were overall satisfied with the service, although several mentioned that it was difficult to accurately show the animal and the issue through video.

The assignment of this thesis is to design a town hall building for the Brno – Sever city district. The particular building plot is located on the site of the former military quarters in Brno – Černá pole near the Botanic Gardens and Arboretum of Mendel University, where the landscape changes to downhill. The site features a good view of the surroundings and it is convenient for the public building because of its good accessibility. A significant item of this design was to give the town hall’s scheme an added value in a form of a community educational center for the use of the inhabitants of Brno. The center includes for instance a library branch, exhibition premises and a clubroom for moms and children or for pensioners. Thanks to these public premises the town hall can be lively even during the afternoon hours.

Accuracy in turbulence modeling remains a hurdle in the widespread use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a tool for furthering fluids dynamics research. Meanwhile, computational power remains a significant concern for solving real-life wall-bounded flows, which portray a wide range of length and time scales. The tools for turbulence analysis at our disposal, in the decreasing order of their accuracy, include Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) based models. While DNS and LES would remain exorbitantly expensive options for simulating high Reynolds number flows for the foreseeable future, RANS is and continues to be a viable option utilized in commercial and academic endeavors. In the first part of the present work, flow over the back-step test case was solved, and parametric studies for various parameters such as re-circulation length (X_r), coefficient of pressure (C_p), and coefficient of skin friction (C_f) are presented and validated with experimental results. The back-step setup was chosen as the test case as turbulent modeling of flow past backward-facing step has been pivotal to understand separated flows better. Turbulence modeling is done on the test case using RANS (k-ε and k-ω models), and LES modeling, for different values of Reynolds number (Re ∈ {2, 2.5, 3, 3.5} × 10⁴) and expansion ratios (ER ∈ {1.5, 2, 2.5, 3}). The LES results show good agreement with experimental results, and the discrepancy between the RANS results and experimental data was highlighted. The results obtained in the first part reveal a pattern of under-prediction noticed with using RANS-based models to analyze canonical setups such as the backward-facing step. The LES results show close proximity to experimental data, as mentioned above, which makes it an excellent source of training data for the machine learning analysis outlined in the second part. The highlighted discrepancy and the inability of the RANS model to accurately predict significant flow properties create the need for a better model. The purpose of the second part of the present study is to make systematic efforts to minimize the error between flow properties from RANS modeling and experimental data, as seen in the first part. A machine learning model was constructed in the second part of the present study to predict the eddy viscosity parameter (μt) as a function of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and dissipation rate (ε) derived from LES data, effectively working as an ad hoc eddy-viscosity based turbulence model. The machine learning model does not work well with the flow domain as a whole, but a zonal analysis reveals a better prediction of eddy viscosity than the whole domain. Among the zones, the area in the vicinity of the re-circulation zone gives the best result. The obtained results point towards the need for a zonal analysis for the better performance of the machine learning model, which will enable us to improve RANS predictions by developing a reduced order turbulence model.

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[ES] Aunque el empapelado es una técnica ampliamente utilizada en restauración con diversos propósitos, todavía no se dispone de mucha información técnica sobre la misma. A primera vista, acarrea consecuencias complejas, incluyendo cambios en lascapas pictoricas, pudiendo tener también potenciales repercusiones en la propia conservación de la obra. En la mayoría de casos, sería más adecuado recurrir a otras técnicas alternativas y menos intrusivas. Por este motivo, a lo largo de esta tesis doctoral se ha desarrollado un protocolo de investigación orientado al diseño de soportes temporales rehumectables (remoistenable temporary supports: RTS) para la protección de pinturas sobre lienzos, un método alternativo que permite un mayor control de la penetración de adhesivo en el sustrato, y por tanto una remoción de residuos más sencilla y eficaz. Durante este estudio se prestó especial atención a las necesidades de los restauradores, no solo en términos de disponibilidad y eficiencia económica, sino también en lo concerniente a la salud de los operadores y el cuidado del medio ambiente. En la primera sección de esta tesis se ha realizado una revisión histórica, comenzando por las primeras fuentes indirectas del Siglo XVIII hasta la actualidad. A continuación, se analizan los mecanismos adhesivos y de penetración del empapelado, focalizándose en aspectos relacionados con la conservación, relacionados con los materiales empleados y metodologías de aplicación. En la segunda sección se describe el estudio de la metodología innovadora de los RTS, ensayada de acuerdo a un meticuloso proyecto de investigación adaptando tecnologías analíticas avanzadas a las necesidades específicas del estudio realizado. Durante la primera etapa experimental, se realizaron análisis químicos, físicos y mecánicos de las diferentes clases de materiales (adhesivos y soportes temporales) y su compatibilidad para la preparación de tejidos rehumectables. La segunda etapa de la investigación se centró en la evaluación de la aplicación de soportes temporales rehumectables en maquetas simuladoras de pinturas en lienzo, con el fin de ensayar aquellos factores considerados más relevantes. Se realizaron observaciones con Microscopía Óptica empleando luz visible y UV, Microscopía electrónica de barrido de emisión de campo (FESEM) para evaluar la permanencia de residuos y el estudio de posibles modificaciones que podrían darse en la superficie de la pintura. Se empleó micro-espectroscopía Raman asociada a un microscopio de alta resolución para determinar la penetración del adhesivo en las grietas de las maquetas. Finalmente, se realizaron pruebas de desprendimiento (peeling test) en diferentes condiciones ambientales para estudiar la fuerza adhesiva de los RTS seleccionados. / [CA] Tot i que la protecció del color és una tècnica àmpliament utilitzada en restauració amb diversos propòsits, encara no s'hi disposa de molta informació tècnica. A primera vista, implica conseqüències complexes, incloent-hi canvis en les capes pictòriques, que poden tenir també potencials repercussions en la mateixa conservació de l'obra. En la majoria de casos, seria més adequat recórrer a altres tècniques alternatives i menys intrusives. Per aquest motiu, al llarg d'aquesta tesi doctoral s'ha desenvolupat un protocol d'investigació orientat al disseny de suports temporals rehumectables (Remoistenable Temporary Supports: RTS) per a la protecció de pintures sobre llenç, un mètode alternatiu que permet un major control de la penetració d'adhesiu en el substrat i, per tant, una eliminació de residus més senzilla i eficaç. Durant aquest estudi es va prestar especial atenció a les necessitats dels restauradors, no solament en termes de disponibilitat i eficiència econòmica, sinó també pel que fa a la salut dels operadors i la cura del medi ambient. En la primera secció d'aquesta tesi s'ha realitzat una revisió històrica, començant per les primeres fonts indirectes del segle XVIII fins a l'actualitat. A continuació, s'analitzen els mecanismes adhesius i de penetració de l'empaperat, i es focalitza en aspectes relacionats amb la conservació futura dels materials emprats i metodologies d'aplicació. En la segona secció es descriu l'estudi de la metodologia innovadora dels RTS, assajada d'acord amb un meticulós projecte d'investigació que adapta tecnologies analítiques avançades a les necessitats específiques de l'estudi realitzat. Durant la primera etapa experimental, es realitzaren anàlisis químiques, físiques i mecàniques de les diferents classes de materials (adhesius i suports temporals) i la seua compatibilitat per a la preparació de teixits rehumectables. La segona etapa de la investigació es va centrar en l'avaluació de l'aplicació de suports temporals rehumectables en maquetes simuladores de pintures en llenç, amb la finalitat d'assajar aquells factors considerats més rellevants. Es realitzaren observacions amb microscòpia òptica emprant llum visible i UV, Microscòpia electrònica d'escaneig d'emissió de camp (FESEM) per a avaluar la permanència de residus i l'estudi de possibles modificacions que podrien donarse en la superfície de la pintura. S'empraren microespectroscòpia Raman associada a un microscopi d'alta resolució per a determinar la penetració de l'adhesiu en les clivelles de les provetes. Finalment, es realitzaren proves de despreniment (peeling test) en diferents condicions ambientals per a estudiar la força adhesiva dels RTS seleccionats. / [EN] Although facing is widely used for multiple purposes, there is still little information about it. At first glance, facing seems to be an almost neutral and simple intervention. Its application, however, entails complex consequences including changes to a painting's strata, and it can have potential repercussions on the conservation of the paint itself. In most cases, it would be better to recur to alternative and less intrusive methods, but sometimes the use of facing is strictly necessary. For this reason, during this PhD a research protocol addressed the design of remoistenable temporary supports (RTS) for the facing of canvas paintings, an alternative method that enables a higher control of the adhesive penetration into the substrate, and thus the easier removal of residues. Great attention was given in this assessment to the needs of restorers, in terms of not only availability and the cost-effectiveness of materials, but also for the concerns of the safety of the operator as well as the environment. In the first section of this dissertation, a historical review is made starting from the first indirect sources of the 18th century up to the present day. Then facing's adhesive and penetrative mechanisms are analysed, focusing on conservative issues related to the used materials and application methodologies. The second section describes the assessment of the innovative RTS methodology, tested according to a meticulous research project adapting advanced analytical technologies to the specific needs. During the first experimental stage, chemical, physical and mechanical analyses of the different classes of materials (adhesives and temporary supports) and their compatibility for the preparation of remoistenable tissues were carried out. The second step of the investigation focused on the evaluation of the application of remoistenable temporary supports on mock-ups reproducing a canvas painting, in order to test those considered the most relevant factors. Observations with optical microscope in visible and ultraviolet (UV) light and analyses with fieldemission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were carried out to evaluate the permanence of residues and the assessment of the possible modifications that may have occurred on the painted surface. Micro-Raman spectroscopy associated with a high-resolution microscope was used to determine the penetration of the adhesive into the cracks of the mock-ups. Finally, peeling tests at different environmental conditions were carried out to assess the adhesion strength of the selected RTS. / An acknowledgment to the financial support from the Spanish “I+D+I” project CTQ2017-85317-C2-1-P, which is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ERDF) funds and Agencia Estatal de Investigación(AEI). / Alba, P. (2021). Remoistenable temporary supports for facing of canvas paintings [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/164901

Every thousand years or so, when the Mississippi River's sediment load lengthened and blocked the River’s route to the Gulf of Mexico, the mother stream changed course completely, finding a shorter route to the sea. Then, it built a new delta, thus spreading the gift of land creation along a wide coastline and creating the bayou region of Louisiana. However, this ancient, natural process was gradually halted by the arrival of man who settled across the River's natural floodplain (delta) and constructed levees and other structures to control the great Mississippi River. Since the 1930s, the Mississippi River Delta Basin and the coast of Louisiana have been literally losing ground. The decline of this environment is now affecting, and will continue to affect, our nation's economy, infrastructure, culture, and safety. Moreover, efforts to fix this problem are not working. My research and this thesis will address the issue of how plans without action have appeased Louisianans while the nation looses vital wetlands daily.