Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardete Pacheco.pdf: 2378579 bytes, checksum: a1028bc1c32ceb3180b3d53da1ac2c97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study aimed to perform the reading of a symbolic mourning process in a dreamlike series and discuss the writing of the dreams as a resource to face the grief. The study was conducted through qualitative and documental analysis of a series of twenty three dreams that accompanied a grieving process over nearly eighteen years. The research gathered the theories of attachment, grief and analytical psychology a used strategies of dreams' analysis, in a more exploratory than interpretative way, viewing the understanding of the dynamics and symbolisms of the grief and its representation in dreams. The evidences pointed that the mourning dreams and their writing potentially constitute a facing resource of the symbolic grieving process / Essa pesquisa teve por objetivos realizar a leitura de um processo de luto simbólico em uma série de sonhos e discutir a escrita de sonhos como recurso de enfrentamento do luto. O estudo foi realizado por meio da análise qualitativa e documental de uma série de vinte e três sonhos que acompanharam um processo de luto, ao longo de quase dezoito anos. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na teoria do apego, do luto e da psicologia analítica, utilizando estratégias de análise de sonhos de forma mais exploratória que interpretativa, com vistas à compreensão dos dinamismos e simbolismos do luto e de sua representação em sonhos. As evidências apontaram que os sonhos de luto e sua escrita se constituem potencialmente em um recurso de enfrentamento do processo de luto simbólico

O tema dos recursos excepcionais, direcionados às Cortes Supremas, é de enorme importância no processo civil contemporâneo. Esse trabalho busca definir, à luz da Teoria do Direito e do Direito Comparado, quais funções devem ser assinaladas ao Superior Tribunal de Justiça para, a partir disso, poder realizar uma reconstrução dogmática do procedimento do recurso especial. Não há dúvida de que, à luz dos princípios do Estado de Direito, aos Tribunais Superiores deve ser hoje asinalada uma função precipuamente prospectiva, voltada para a orientação dos juízes e jurisdicionados por meio do estabelecimento de precedentes, e não para os litigantes, de forma retrospectiva. A experiência comparada e a análise detida do funcionamento dos Tribunais Superiores demonstra que bons resultados só podem ser cumpridos mediante mecanismos que permitam selecionar os recursos com base na sua importância. Defende-se, por isso, a criação de um filtro para o recurso especial, à semelhança do que já conhece o recurso extraordinário brasileiro por meio da exigência de repercussão geral da questão constitucional debatida. Em face da função prospectiva do Superior Tribunal de Justiça devem ser interpretados todos os demais problemas que gravitam em torno do recurso especial e do acesso à Corte (distinção entre fato e direito, pré-questionamento etc.) / Appeals to Supreme Courts are an enormously important theme in modern civil procedure. This essay intends to define tge function that should govern the practise of Brazils Superior Tribunal de Justiça, with support from legal theory and comparative law studies, so that the characteristics of the appeal (recurso especial) directed to the Court may be rethought on solid grounds. There should be no doubt that, in light of the rule of law principles, Supreme Courts should be assigned a prospective, facing forward function of establishing solid precedents for the guidance of judges and citizens, instead of facing towards the single parties involved in litigation and the past. Comparative studies show that this may only be done if the Court has control over its docket. The essay proposes the adoption of such a mechanism for the recurso especial, as has already been done for the recurso extraordinario through the requirement of general importance of the constitutional issue raised in the appeal. All other aspects regarding access of the parties to the Superior Tribunal de Justiça (such as the distinction between law and fact, the prior decisison of the legal issue raised etc.) should be interpreted in light of the prospective function of the Court.

Grande percentagem do território brasileiro é coberta por solos finos (% passando peneira # 200 > 50%), geralmente de origem tropical, que poderiam ser classificados como solos de baixa capacidade de drenagem. Estes solos não atendem às recomendações técnicas para solos de aterro de estruturas reforçadas, conforme exigido pela AASHTO e BS 8006. Neste trabalho foi avaliado experimentalmente um dos parâmetros mais importantes de projeto de Terra Armada, que condiciona o mecanismo de transferência de carga, o coeficiente de atrito aparente solo-fita metálica (f*). Foi avaliada a influência das características dos solos para as classes de solos estabelecidas pela NBR 9286/86 para o caso de fitas metálicas, e, dos critérios que sustentam o uso de fitas poliméricas, sob diversas tensões verticais atuantes nas fitas, simulando o efeito da profundidade. As informações foram obtidas através de ensaios de arrancamento de fitas metálicas e poliméricas realizados em laboratório e depois comparadas aos resultados teóricos da norma e àqueles preconizados para o uso de fitas poliméricas. Os ensaios realizados com as fitas em solo não convencional 1 e em areia mal graduada, mostraram que para profundidades equivalentes a tensões verticais até 50 kPa, os dois tipos de inclusões possuem valores de coeficiente de interação com o solo maiores que a unidade, isso tornaria razoável o seu uso sob o ponto de vista deste parâmetro e nas condições da realização dos ensaios, quando comparado com a norma, e com os critérios que sustentam o uso das fitas poliméricas em técnica de solo armado. No entanto, para maiores profundidades, a interação apresenta uma tendência de diminuição. O solo não convencional 2 valores da interação muito baixos. Foram instalados strain gages ao longo do comprimento das fitas para monitoramento dos esforços no maciço. Nota-se que esforços elevados ocorreram nas regiões mais próximas do ponto de aplicação da força de arrancamento. / A large percentage of Brazil\'s territory is covered with fine tropical soil (50% passing #200) which can be classified as soils with low drainage capacity. These soils do not meet the technical recommendations for backfill of reinforced soil structures by AASHTO and BS 8006. This paper presents the result of an experimental evaluation of one of the most important design parameters of mechanically stabilized earth with concrete wall facing. The apparent friction coefficient of soil-steel strips and soil-polymeric strips is the project parameter. Also was evaluated the influence of soil characteristics for soil types listed by the NBR 9286/86 for metal strips and for the criteria that support the use of polymeric strips. The evaluation included the application of different vertical stresses on the strips simulating the effect of depth. The information obtained from pullout tests performed in laboratory was compared to the standard theoretical values and design values for polymeric strips. Tests performed on strips in nonconventional soil (1) and poorly graded sand showed that at depths equivalent to vertical stresses up to 50 kPa the two types of inclusions have coefficients of interaction greater than unity, which appears reasonable. Therefore, such soils can be used as backfill soils in the conditions tested and at equal or lesser stress levels. Nonconventional soil (2) showed low value of the friction coefficient. The strain gages installed along the length of the strips recorded the distribution of tensile stress in pull-out tests. Higher tensile stress was recorded by the gages nearest the point of application of the pull-out force.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alana Andreia Pereira.pdf: 1475358 bytes, checksum: 7687fc5db8ac0b05b8af83dbdf053224 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This Master s thesis aimed to understand the constituent grounds of the sexual exploitation in its entirety and when this reaches children and adolescent girls and also theirs forms of resistance, which are given in the contradiction of class struggle. Therefore, I sought to highlight the living conditions of the daughters of the working class in sexual exploitation, unveiling the process of socialization and inferiority of the female in the class societies, theirs accesses and not accesses, the alternatives found for them daily, the particularities of insertion forms in this condition, that is to say, determinations of sexual exploitation, highlighting the resistance of the individuals, and discussing the ways of strengthening the latter. From these notes it was possible to enter the controversial issue of sexual exploitation, law and the limits of political emancipation, coming to treat more specifically the current proposal for 'facing' the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. Moreover, it has made a brief analysis of facing proposals in the French context, not in order to make comparisons, but with the scope to contribute to the wider debate in depth, knowing the influences of the European context in the scene of Brazilian social policy. Ultimately, the conclusion so sought to contribute to current debates about the issue, pointing out the centrality of strengthening women's resistance, men, sons and daughters of the working class, fighting for social policies, but beyond these, thinking in transition policies, with the horizon of human emancipation as a real possibility / Esta dissertação de mestrado teve o propósito de compreender as bases constitutivas da exploração sexual em sua totalidade e desta quando atinge crianças e adolescentes do sexo feminino e as formas de resistência das mesmas, as quais se dão na contradição da luta de classes. Para tanto, busquei evidenciar as condições de vida das filhas da classe trabalhadora em exploração sexual, desvelando o processo de socialização e inferiorização do feminino nas sociedades de classes, acessos e não acessos das mesmas, as alternativas encontradas por elas cotidianamente, as particularidades das formas de inserção nesta condição, ou seja, as determinações da exploração sexual, ressaltando as formas de resistência dos indivíduos e problematizando as formas de fortalecimento destas últimas. A partir destes apontamentos é que foi possível adentrar a questão polêmica da exploração sexual, do direito e os limites da emancipação política, chegando a tratar mais especificamente da proposta atual de enfrentamento à exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Ademais, foi feito ainda uma breve análise das propostas de enfrentamento no contexto francês, não com o intuito de fazer comparações, mas com o escopo de contribuir na ampliação do debate com profundidade, percebendo as influências do contexto europeu na cena da política social brasileira. Em última instância, o modo de conclusão buscou contribuir com os debates atuais da questão, pontuando a centralidade do fortalecimento da resistência de mulheres, homens, filhos e filhas da classe trabalhadora, lutando por políticas sociais, mas para além destas, pensando em políticas de transição, com o horizonte da emancipação humana como uma possibilidade concreta

Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para análise qualitativa e quantitativa de compostos de borracha destinados à fabricação de revestimentos de embreagem. Estes compostos são formados por um grande número de componentes, dentre os quais utilizam, além da base elastomérica, uma resina como agente de processo, agentes de vulcanização e diversas cargas, cada qual com uma função específica. Os sistemas elastoméricos são caracterizados por propriedades que podem ser afetadas pela adição ou remoção de algum ingrediente e também pelas variações em suas concentrações. Os compostos de borracha são confeccionados por uma empresa terceira; portanto, o desenvolvimento de uma variedade de ferramentas analíticas para monitoramento desses sistemas se torna essencial, uma vez que esses compostos são a base da formulação de um revestimento de embreagem. Para o desenvolvimento desta metodologia foram utilizadas as técnicas TG/DTG, FTIR, GC e EDXRF. Como primeira etapa do trabalho foi realizado um estudo exploratório e um estudo de pré-formulação para a caracterização qualitativa de cada matéria-prima no composto de borracha. Na segunda etapa do trabalho foram preparadas diversas amostras com concentrações conhecidas do componente a ser quantificado. Para a quantificação das cargas grafite e negro de fumo utilizou-se diretamente a técnica de TG/DTG. Para a quantificação dos demais componentes foram elaboradas curvas analíticas de resposta (FTIR, GC e EDXRF) vs. variação da concentração. Observou-se a existência de uma correlação forte/perfeita e positiva entre as variáveis e as equações obtidas apresentaram boa adequação ao modelo de regressão linear. As curvas analíticas possibilitaram determinar as concentrações dos componentes de teores desconhecidos. / In this work it was developed a methodology for qualifying and quantifying rubber compounds destined for facings manufacture. These compounds are formed by a large number of components which use, beyond the elastomeric base, a resin that is used as a process agent, vulcanization agents and different fillers, each one with a specific function. The elastomeric systems are characterized by properties that could be affected by the addition or removal of some ingredient and also by variations in its concentration. The rubber compounds are produced by an outsourced company, so the development of a variety of analytical tools for monitoring these systems is essential, since these compounds are the basis of a facing formulation. For developing this methodology, TG/DTG, FTIR, GC and EDXRF were used as techniques. The first step was an exploratory and a pre-formulation study for a qualitative characterization of each raw material in rubber compound. In the second stage, several samples with known concentrations of the quantifying component were prepared. The quantification of graphite and carbon black was made directly by means of TG/DTG technique. For quantifying the other components, analytical curves of response (FTIR, GC and EDXRF) vs. variation of concentration were elaborated. A strong/perfect and positive correlation between the variables was observed and the equations presented good fit with the linear regression model. By means of the analytical curves it was possible to determine the amounts of unknown concentration rubber compounds.

Cette étude vise à caractériser en soufflerie les mécanismes aérodynamiques à l’origine de la génération puis la transmission des fluctuations de bruit dans un modèle d’habitacle automobile. Le banc d’essai conçu en soufflerie anéchoïque consiste en un écoulement dont la vitesse incidente est modulée par un volet mobile, et qui par interaction avec une marche montante rayonne un bruit aéroacoustique transmis à travers une vitre dans un caisson anéchoïque. L’approche retenue consiste, pendant le temps de maniement du volet, à mesurer et relier le champ de vitesse externe mesuré à l’aide de la technique de vélocimétrie laser par images de particules (TR-PIV échantillonnée à 20 kHz) à la pression pariétale d’une part, puis au champ acoustique interne obtenu par transmission d’autre part. Des outils de corrélation spatio-temporelle sont alors utilisés pour mettre en évidence les zones de l’écoulement les plus corrélées avec les fluctuations d’énergie de la pression pariétale et celles du niveau de bruit intérieur. La fluctuation du chargement aérodynamique de la vitre sous la bulle de recirculation est logiquement liée à l’activité instationnaire de cette dernière, puis plus en aval, au lâcher tourbillonnaire. Quant au bruit transmis dans le modèle d’habitacle, il semble principalement lié aux fluctuations de vitesse dans la couche de cisaillement. Enfin, une procédure spécifique a permis d’évaluer le caractère quasi-stationnaire des variations temporelles des quantités fluctuantes ainsi que la réponse acoustique de la vitre. / This study aims at characterizing in a wind tunnel the aerodynamic mechanisms contributing to the generation and transmission of the noise fluctuations into a car interior model. The test bench designed in anechoic wind tunnel consists of a flow whose incoming flow velocity is modulated by a mobile flap, and which by interaction with a forward-facing step radiates an aeroacoustic noise transmitted through a glass into an anechoic box. The adopted approach consists, during the flap handling time, in measuring and connecting the external velocity field measured using the Time-Resolved laser Particle Image Velocimetry technique (TR-PIV at sampling frequency 20 kHz) to the wall pressure on the one hand, and then to the internal acoustic field obtained by transmission on the other hand. Spatio-temporal correlation tools are then used to highlight the flow areas that are the most correlated with the energy fluctuations of the wall pressure and with those of the internal noise level. The fluctuation of the aerodynamic loading of the window under the recirculation bubble is logically related to the unsteady activity of the latter, then further downstream to the vortex stream. As for the noise transmitted into the cabin model, it seems mainly related to the speed fluctuations in the shear layer. Finally, a specific procedure allows to evaluate the quasi-steady nature of the temporal variations of the fluctuating quantities, as well as the acoustic response of the window.

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released heat illness data which highlighted that ~29 heat stress hospitalizations and ~3 heat-related deaths occurred every day during the summer months within the US from years 2000 to 2014. Heatstroke- the most severe form of heat illness which oftentimes lead to death- has been cited to be entirely preventable if a timely intervention is introduced. This dissertation uses microwave radiometric thermometry to perform wireless non-invasive internal body temperature monitoring which can enable intervention methods that help to prevent deaths associated with heat-illness. Overall, this dissertation develops a comprehensive closed-form analytical radiometric model and validates the effectiveness of the comprehensive model through a controlled life-like human body temperature sensing experiment. Wireless sub-skin temperature data is predicted from a human tissue mimicking phantom testbed to within 1%. A generic isolated radiometer system equation is derived for all possible calibration source combinations. The generic isolated radiometer system equation predicts comparable results to that of an ideal simulation. While improved isolation decreases measurement uncertainty, it does not improve the accuracy of estimated noise temperatures using a perfectly-isolated radiometer system equation assumption. A highly reproducible tissue-mimicking biological phantom (bio-phantom) recipe (comprised of urethane, graphite powder, and a solvent) was developed to accurately emulate the electrical properties of actual dry human skin versus frequency up to 18 GHz. The developed solid state skin phantom begins in pourable liquid form and then cures at room temperature into a dry solid state mold. An in-plane electromagnetic bandgap structure was developed and integrated within an on-body inward facing spiral antenna design. The inclusion of the in-plane electromagnetic bandgap structure demonstrated a +2.64dB gain improvement in the antenna broadside and -8dB in the rear gain while in-contact with the body as compared to the conventional spiral antenna. Likewise, the measured main beam efficiency is improved from 54.43% for the conventional antenna to 86.36% for the EBG antenna. Two techniques based on signal-flow graph theory were derived to explain both the non-coherent steady-state radiative transfer and the coherent radiative transfer within multi-layered dielectric media with non-uniform temperatures and any number of stratified layers. Both models allow for the accurate characterization and sensing of the thermal emissions originating from subsurface tissue layers.

This is a study of how expository information is presented in the metatext (title, subtitle, prefaces, dedications, the dramatis personae, announcements of act and scene, stage directions etc.) and the dialogue in seven one-act plays by August Strindberg: The Stronger (1889), Pariah (1889), Simoom (1889), Debit and Credit (1892), The First Warning (1892), Facing Death (1892), and Motherly Love (1892). Exposition in this study is defined as a semiotic temporal-structural element that: (1) is not restricted to any specific part of the drama; (2) is present in both the metatext and the dialogue; (3) transfers information about the prescenic time/action (time/action preceding the scenic time/action), interscenic time/action (scenic and non-scenic time/action between scenes), simultaneous scenic time/action (non-scenic time/action that takes place simultaneously with the scenic time/action, and postscenic time/action (time/action that follows the scenic time/action). The study shows that the expository information is presented gradually in the dramas, in both metatext and dialogue, and in all the four categories of time/action presented above. One important result is that the seven one-act plays, despite their naturalistic qualities, also contain components pointing towards Strindberg’s more expressionistic drama. It is possible to talk about a naturalistic or an expressionistic period in Strindberg’s authorship. It is, however, impossible to regard Strindberg as a naturalist or an expressionist in a stricter sense. Strindberg’s drama is too complex and rich to be placed in a certain theoretic doctrine. It is clear from the dissertation that the study of expository information is useful in dramaturgic analyses, and generates various discussions about for example themes, motives, and metaphors. A complete analysis of the exposition, therefore, must also consider elements such as language and imagery.

A method to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous flows is proposed. This method is SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm to iteratively solve the two-dimensional laminar steady momentum equations and based upon finite volume method on staggered grids. Numerical tests are performed on several cases of the flow in the lid-driven cavity, as well as of the flow after a backward-facing step with SIMPLE and SIMPLER (SIMPLE Revised) methods. Finally, results are compared qualitatively and quantitatively with numerical and experimental results available in the literature for different Reynolds numbers to validate the methods.

Le travail présenté ici s'insère dans le cadre des études amont financées par le CNES et SNECMA qui visent à mieux appréhender, et simuler les écoulements cavitants dans les inducteurs à l'amont des turbopompes spatiales. Compte tenu de la complexité des mécanismes mis en jeu dans ce type de géométrie, il a été décidé de réaliser une étude dans une géométrie académique de type marche descendante cavitante comportant les différents mécanismes physiques inhérents aux écoulements de backflow (écoulements instationnaires décollés) présents dans les inducteurs. Cette géométrie simplifiée a permis la mise en place d'une instrumentation de pointe telle que la densitométrie par absorption de rayons X résolue en temps ou encore la PIV-LIF 2D, 3C haute cadence pour la mesure du champ de vitesse liquide. Ces techniques étant couplées à la mesure du champ de pression pariétale, il a donc été possible d'estimer les interactions mutuelles entre la turbulence et la cavitation dans ce type d'écoulement.Les mesures couplées aux champ de pression ont également permis d'utiliser des techniques de traitement POD-LSE pour estimer des termes de corrélations densité-vitesse nécessaires à la validation des modèles de type transport de taux de vide. De manière générale, la cavitation engendre des modifications notables d'origine dilatatoire sur l'agitation turbulente et modifie la dynamique tourbillonnaire. Ces résultats permettent de tirer des conclusions sur les stratégies de modélisation. En effet en régime cavitant l'augmentation de l'énergie cinétique turbulente étant décorrélée du cisaillement moyen, les modèles basés sur une viscosité turbulente semblent inadaptés . D'autre part à fort taux de vide les résultats semblent être en contradiction totale avec les modèles barotropes. / The present study is inserted in the framework of previous research which aim to get a better understanding of turbulent and cavitating phenomena which occur in the spatial turbopump. Actually, the specific topology of the detached flow which takes place upstream the inducer is today miss-predicted by the standard numerical models.Taking into account the huge complexity of such a flow it has been decided to experimentally investigate the backward-facing step flow which is recognized as a benchmark for numerical simulations and cover a large area of similitude with the backflow upstream the inducers.For this purpose, the mean and turbulent quantities of the liquid phase in the presence of the vapor phase as well as spatio-temporal correlations have been investigated using stereoscopic time resolved PIV, the void ratio has been determined using X-Ray attenuation techniques and measurements have been made for different cavitation levels. The main originality of the present work is based on instantaneous measurements of the wall pressure signals correlated with high speed visualizations, PIV and X-Ray measurements. Specific signal processing as Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Linear Stochastic Estimation has been performed in order to estimate the velocity-density correlations useful to evaluate the void ratio transport. In this experimental work the physical mechanisms of the vapour phase effects on the large vortex structures, shear layer instability, reattachment wall and reverse flow have been investigated to determine what physical assumptions can be applied in the usual cavitation and turbulence models.It has been found for the cavitating cases that the growth of turbulent kinetic energy is not correlated to mean and turbulent shear stresses. This experimental observation is in contradiction with the Boussinesq hypothesis used for the linear eddy viscosity models.Moreover concerning the phase-change modelization for high void fraction, the barotropic models seem to disagree with our experiments.