Tidigare forskning visar att barn, efter förlusten av en förälder, mår bra av att komma tillbaka till rutinerna i förskolan, där barnet hela tiden ges möjlighet till lek, något som är en central del i barnets bearbetning av sorgen.Vårt syfte med studien är att ta reda på hur förskolan uppfattar att de arbetar med och stödjer, samt tror att de skulle arbeta och stödja, barn som förlorat en förälder. Vi vill även ta reda på vilken hjälp de kan ta in om pedagogernas stöd och kunskap inte räcker till. Slutligen vill vi se om det finns handlingsplaner för situationer som dessa i förskolorna.I studien använde vi oss av empiriska undersökningar i form av informella intervjuer. Urvalet bestod av fem pedagoger på olika förskolor i en kommun. Tre av dessa pedagoger har, i sitt arbete, mött ett barn som förlorat en förälder.Resultatet visar på att pedagoger anser att leken är en viktig del i barns bearbetning, men att det måste vara barnet som tar initiativet till denna lek och även till samtal kring förlusten. Resultatet visar även på att alla pedagoger ställde sig positiva till att ta in extern hjälp till barnet, men att kunskapen om vart man kan få denna hjälp ifrån inte var tillräcklig. Inte alla förskolor i studien har handlingsplaner för hur de skall gå tillväga om ett barn mister en förälder. / Previous research shows that, after the loss of a parent, the child’s wellbeing is enchanced if the child gets back to pre-school, where the children all the time are given the opportunity to play, which is a central part of the child's processing of grief.Our purpose of this study is to find out how the pre-school perceive the way they work and support, and how they think they would work and support, children who has lost a parent. We also want to find out what help they can bring in when the teachers’ support and knowledge is not enough. And finally we want to see if there are plans for situations like these in pre-schools.In this study, we used empirical research in the form of informal interviews. We randomly selected five teachers in different pre-schools in the municipality. Three of these teachers have worked with a child who has lost a parent.The results show that teachers believe playing is an important part of a child’s grief process, but it must be the child who takes the initiative to play and also to talk about their loss. The results also shows that all the teachers were positive of bringing in outside help for the child, but that the knowledge of where to get this help from was not sufficient. Not all pre-schools in the study have plans for how to proceed if a child loses a parent.

Notre recherche aborde le processus de pardon comme travail d’élaboration du mal souffert et comme mouvement existentiel, dans une approche phénoménologique-existentielle complémentaire aux études nord-américaines qui se développent depuis une vingtaine d’années dans le champ de la psychologie du pardon. En partant de la question « Comment le pardon peut-il guérir ? » nous décrivons le pardon comme mouvement de déliement du mal souffert. Le travail d’élaboration psychique sous-tendant un processus de pardon est analysé à travers deux questions : (1) « Que faire du mal que l’on m’a fait ? », (2) « Comment faire du passé ‘ce qui passe’ » ? Nous éclairons la dimension intérieure du travail de pardon en montrant que le déliement se joue dans une dialectique subtile entre mémoire du malheur et intégration de ce malheur à l’existence. La recension de la littérature psychologique et l’analyse de la notion d’étape dans un processus de pardon ouvrent sur une présentation de la filiation occidentale de la notion de pardon dans le legs narratif biblique, avant une mise en perspective des dialogues entre Jankélévitch, Derrida, Arendt et Ricoeur. Une étude qualitative basée sur trois cas cliniques permet d’approfondir la nature de la blessure, les réactions à l’événement blessant et la mise en sens du pardon. Une analyse phénoménologique interprétative précise certaines dimensions subjectives et existentielles autour de trois axes : (1) l’impardonnable, (2) le pardon unilatéral et le pardon à soi-même, (3) le pardon réciproque. L’abord d‘une oeuvre de Rembrandt met en évidence la fécondité de l’art pour éclairer sous de nouveaux angles la clinique du pardon. Notre étude suggère également des pistes d’accompagnement thérapeutique du travail de pardon dans une perspective phénoménologique-existentielle. / .../...

The goal of the study was to explore the needs of widowed parents in assisting their children in the grieving process. The researcher chose this specific research topic for a number reasons, primarily based on her own observations and contact of her external world as the researcher had either come into direct contact with, or become aware of families in her community where one of the parents in families with children in early and/or middle childhood had passed away. Loosing a parent through death is a very traumatic experience for a child. How the child reacts to and deals with this trauma in the long-term, is greatly influenced by how the remaining parent reacts to and deals with the death him or herself, as well how he or she assists the child in the grieving process. Secondly, the research topic fits within the social work context as bereaved families may turn to the social work profession for guidance and assistance in understanding and resolving their loss. Therefore, the researcher was of the opinion that it would be of value to gain knowledge of the specific needs of the widowed parents in helping their children during the grieving process in order to offer these families more direct, focused and valuable assistance. The researcher made use of a qualitative approach in order to explore and gain an understanding of the needs of widowed parents' experiences in assisting their children in the grieving process. The researcher used applied research for her study, as it was hoped that the information gained would provide further knowledge to help the social work profession in assisting widowed parents and their children in the grieving process. Seven respondents were identified and chosen primarily through a non-probability sampling technique of purposive sampling. As the initial number of respondents were limited, the researcher also made use of the snowball sampling technique to further increase her sample. Data for the study was gathered by means of semi-structured one-to-one interviews, with the use of an interview schedule in order to gain a detailed picture of the widowed parents' perceptions and experiences of helping their children come to terms with the death of their parents. In studying the literature the researcher focused on two main aspects. Firstly, the children's grieving process, including their understanding of death, reaction to the death of a parent, as well as the actual grieving process of parentally bereaved children. Secondly, the researcher focused on the needs of widowed parents in assisting their children in the grieving process, including the important role they play in this process, their own emotions, challenges they are faced with in this process, the impact the death has on the family's functioning in relation to Maslow's hierarchy of needs and finally the availability and use of support systems for widowed parents. The findings of the study showed that all the respondents were aware of the impact the death had on their children, especially as most of the deaths were sudden and unexpected. Many needs were experienced, including telling the children about the death, loneliness, and perhaps the most difficult of all, finding a balance between expressing their own grief so that their children felt free to grieve but at the same time not falling apart completely, thereby overwhelming their children. Overall the researcher found that it appeared more important to the widowed parents that their children's needs be taken care of above their own. In concluding the study the researcher was of the opinion that grieving the loss of a loved one involves much more than just a process of steps. It encompasses a wide range of tasks, emotions, thoughts and behaviours. Therefore, in terms of helping to meet the needs of widowed parents in assisting their children in the grieving process, one cannot just make assumptions and based on this follow a set formula. Families, with children in early and middle childhood, who have lost a parent through death, find themselves in a very vulnerable and fragile state. The way they deal with the loss and the support they are given both informal and formal, can have a very significant impact on the future functioning of the remaining family members both individually and as a whole. Therefore, it is imperative that those assisting the family through the loss have knowledge of their needs so that they can assist them in a way that can bring about healing and restoration. / Dissertation (MSD (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Social Work and Criminology / MSD / unrestricted

This study investigated the way in which educators identified and managed the needs of the orphaned learners they encountered in their situation as educators in a school setting. The sample in the study consisted of a total of 12-orphaned learners and 8 educators from one primary and one secondary school in the rural part of Mpumalanga Province in South Africa. Data on how orphaned learners viewed their situation were collected using draw-and-write strategy and observation followed by in-depth interviews and follow-up interview questions. The aim of interviewing the orphans themselves was to explore their own views of the realities of their lived experiences of orphanhood and their expectations of the world around them. Data on how educators identified and responded to the needs of the orphaned learners were collected using in-depth interviews and follow up interview questions. The experiences of the orphaned learners interviewed indicate a need for social and emotional support besides the obvious material need. Two distinct identities (among the educators themselves) emerged from the interviews with these educators: <ul><li>There were educators who responded positively by providing support to the orphaned learners.</li> <li>And there were educators who responded by referring the orphaned learners to the educators who help orphaned learners.</ul> The findings of the study revealed that internal motivational factors had a strong influence on the choices these educators made in responding to the needs of the orphans; and lack of knowledge and skills in identifying and responding to the orphans’ emotional needs could have a negative impact on educator response. The findings also showed that the level of interaction and involvement in a relationship with the orphans determined the way the educators identified and responded to these orphans’ needs. The study suggest the need for training educators to be in a position to provide care and build relationships, as a means of helping fulfill the social and emotional needs of these learners. / Thesis (PhD (Education Management, Law and Policy))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

I studien undersöks individers upplevelse av gruppsykoterapeutisk behandling för komplicerad sorg. Genom halvstrukturerade djupintervjuer och kvalitativa enkätfrågor erhålls beskrivningar från olika livsvärldar utifrån individers olika perspektiv. En tolkningsram har tagits fram innehållande tidigare forskning samt teoretiska utgångspunkter vilken utgör verktyg för analys av erhållna resultat. I resultatavsnittet framhålls den oerhörda och ibland avgörande betydelse behandlingen haft för individernas välbefinnande. Det framkommer också tre aspekter som varit avgörande för det positiva resultatet av behandlingen nämligen relationen till terapeuten, den metod som använts samt gemenskapen i gruppen. Vidare undersöktes gemenskapens betydelse på en djupare nivå. Det resultat som framkom var att förståelse från de andra i gruppen, att individerna insåg att de inte vara unika om sin situation samt att en medvetenhet och insikt uppstod i tankeprocesser och det interpersonella beteendet var det som hade störst betydelse i gemenskapen. Denna upptäckt presenteras som en tentativ modell som kan ligga till grund för framtida forskning. Slutligen diskuteras resultat och analys i relation till syfte och tolkningsram samt presenteras slutsatser och ytterligare förslag till framtida forskning. / The study examines individuals' experience of group psychotherapy for complicated grief treatment. Through semi-structured interviews and qualitative survey questions have descriptions of the various life worlds of individuals from different perspectives been obtained. Previous research and theories are presented which constitute tools for analysis of the obtained results. The results present the tremendous and sometimes vital significance the treatment had on individuals' wellbeing. It also presents three aspects that were decisive for the positive outcome of the treatment. These were the relationship to the therapist, the method used and the community in the group. The meaning of community was further examined on a deeper level. The obtained result of this question shows that understanding from the other group members, the fact that the individuals' realized that they’re not unique about their situation and that awareness and insight in thoughts and interpersonal behavior arose were of greatest meaning. This discovery is presented as a tentative model that could provide a basis for future research. The results are discussed and analyzed in relation to the purpose of the study and previous research. Finally, conclusions and further suggestions for future research are presented.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardete Pacheco.pdf: 2378579 bytes, checksum: a1028bc1c32ceb3180b3d53da1ac2c97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study aimed to perform the reading of a symbolic mourning process in a dreamlike series and discuss the writing of the dreams as a resource to face the grief. The study was conducted through qualitative and documental analysis of a series of twenty three dreams that accompanied a grieving process over nearly eighteen years. The research gathered the theories of attachment, grief and analytical psychology a used strategies of dreams' analysis, in a more exploratory than interpretative way, viewing the understanding of the dynamics and symbolisms of the grief and its representation in dreams. The evidences pointed that the mourning dreams and their writing potentially constitute a facing resource of the symbolic grieving process / Essa pesquisa teve por objetivos realizar a leitura de um processo de luto simbólico em uma série de sonhos e discutir a escrita de sonhos como recurso de enfrentamento do luto. O estudo foi realizado por meio da análise qualitativa e documental de uma série de vinte e três sonhos que acompanharam um processo de luto, ao longo de quase dezoito anos. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na teoria do apego, do luto e da psicologia analítica, utilizando estratégias de análise de sonhos de forma mais exploratória que interpretativa, com vistas à compreensão dos dinamismos e simbolismos do luto e de sua representação em sonhos. As evidências apontaram que os sonhos de luto e sua escrita se constituem potencialmente em um recurso de enfrentamento do processo de luto simbólico

Studiens syfte är att utifrån professionellas erfarenheter undersöka hur vuxnas sorgeprocesser yttrar sig samt hur de professionella bemöter sörjande personer. Undersökningen baseras på professionellas erfarenheter och kunskaper om sorgeprocesser. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med professionella som alla i sin yrkesroll möter vuxna i sorg. En tematisk analys har använts och fem teman framkom: vuxnas sorgeprocesser, förhållningssätt gentemot sörjande, lyssnande och validerande stöd, stöd i sorgen och verktyg i professionen. För att analysera resultatet användes Kübler-Ross teori om sorgens fem faser och begreppet komplicerad sorg. Kübler-Ross teori fokuserar på sorgeprocessens faser. Den komplicerade sorgen fokuserar på när sorg kvarstår med patologiska symptom. I resultatet framgick att de professionella upplevde sorgeprocessen som dynamisk och kontextbunden. Professionellas främsta förhållningssätt i bemötande har bland annat presenterats vara värderingsfritt och anpassat. Professionella har uttryckt att vuxna människor i sorg behöver ett icke tidsbegränsat, närvarande och anpassat stöd. Dessutom har professionellas utbildning och erfarenhet visat sig utgöra verktyg i professionen och vara nyckeln till ett adekvat och gynnsamt sorgestöd. / The purpose of the study is to examine professional’s experiences of adult’s grieving processes and how they treat bereaved people. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals who all in their professional role meet adults in grief. A thematic analysis was used and five themes emerged: adults' grieving processes, attitudes towards grieving, listening and validating support, support in grief and tools in the profession. To analyze the results, Kübler-Ross' theory of the five phases of grief and the concept of complicated grief were used. Kübler-Ross theory focuses on the phases of the grieving process. The complicated grief focuses on when grief persists with pathological symptoms. The results showed that the grieving process of adults was experienced by professionals as dynamic and context-bound. Professionals' main approach towards grieving people has been presented as neutral and context dependant. Professionals have expressed that grieving adults need support that is not time limited and characterized by presence and adapted support. Furthermore, professional´s education and experiences have been shown to be elements in the profession that is key to adequate and beneficial bereavement support.

This thesis explores mothers' reactions to, and methods of dealing with, the sudden death of a child, using a constructivist approach. The study focusses on the meanings that mothers construe in relation to the sudden death of their child and the role of these constructions in her "recovery" from this loss. It also explores the grieving process, the effect of the loss on the mother, including a focus on changes in her value system, her role as a mother and as a wife, as well as the impact of this loss on the family system. The study was conducted on the basis of qualitative research methodology, making use of the case study method. The sample consisted of three mothers, selected purposively. The data gathered was analysed inductively. / Psychology / M.A.(Clinical Psychology)

Syftet med detta arbete är att utforska betydelsen av musik vid avsked hos sörjande människor. Internationell och skandinavisk forskning inom närliggande områden har i större utsträckning beaktat musikens terapeutiska och psykologiska roll. I Sverige saknas i stort sett forskning inom detta ämne. Studien är av kvalitativ art där narrativ analyseras utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv och det empiriska underlaget i uppsatsen består av 12 livsberättelser av efterlevande i sorgegrupper. De berättar om sorg och förlust samt på vilka sätt de relaterar till musik i samband med begravningen och vidare under den efterföljande sorgeprocessen. Av intervjuerna i semistrukturerad form framkom ett material som presenteras i resultatkapitlet. Musikens roll vid rituella avsked har förändrats idag. Anhöriga är mer delaktiga än tidigare. Musik väljs utifrån personliga kriterier. Musik som förknippas med positiva minnen tillsammans med den anhörige kan ge en upplevelse av igenkänning. Att använda musikterapi under sorgeprocessen eller att lyssna på egenvald musik kan vara ett kraftfullt redskap som förmedlar hopp och tröst till sörjande människor. / The aim of this study is to examine the role of music at the condolence in the grieving persons. In related areas, international and Scandinavian research have explored the therapeutic and psychological role of music. This topic has been missing in earlier Swedish research. The study has a qualitative approach and the analytical prism used for the semi-structured interviews was informed by a hermeneutic method. The empirical basis of the essay is based on 12 life stories of survivors participating in grief support groups. The interviews talk about grief and loss and the ways in which they relate to music at the funeral and during the grieving process. The material which emerged from the interviews in semi-structured form is presented in the results section. The role of music in the ritual condolences has changed. Relatives are now more involved in choosing music than in the past. Music is selected based on personal criteria. Music associated with positive memories of the loved one can convey emotions of recognition. Music therapy during the grieving process, or listen to music of own choice, may act as a spiritual force that gives hope and consolation to the grieving persons.