This cumulative dissertation covers the concepts of scenario-based strategic planning and strategic management in family firms over five articles. The first article gives an overview of the cumulative dissertation explaining the research gap, approach and contribution of the dissertation. The paper highlights the two research areas covered by the dissertation with two articles focusing on scenario-based strategic planning and two on strategic management in family firms. The second article is the first of two focusing on scenario-based strategic planning. It introduces and describes a set of six tools facilitating the implementation of scenario-based strategic planning in corporate practice. The third paper adapts these tools to the financial management and controlling context in private companies highlighting the tools’ flexibility in managing uncertain and volatile environments. The fourth article is the first of two focusing on strategic management in family firms. It analyzes organizational ambidexterity as a factor explaining family firm performance. The article shows that a high level of organizational ambidexterity in family firms leads to a higher family firm performance. The final paper concludes the dissertation examining the tendency of family firms to focus on capability exploration or resource exploitation over different generations managing the family firm.

Cette thèse propose une exploration du lien entre le capital social familial et les dimensionscognitive et relationnelle du capital social organisationnel de l'entreprise familiale (EF). La rechercheconduite allie fondamentaux théoriques de l'EF et théories de la sociologie, psychosociologie etpsychanalyse. En considérant que la famille, via sa culture, fournit un socle de lectures partagées dela réalité et influence les schèmes d'action et de pensée de ses membres, la question se pose del'impact sur le construit socio-culturel de l'EF, de l’entrechoquement ou de la superposition de cesschèmes (entre générations, membres d’une fratrie, ou membres de la famille et salariés exogènes).Pour aborder les ambivalences animant ces synergies famille-individu-entreprise, nous adaptons leconcept de PIH (Patrimoines Individuels d'Habitudes) développé par Kaufmann (2001) aux dirigeantsfamiliaux (DF), dans le cadre d'un cas unique (EF sous contrôle familial depuis le 19e siècle) précédéd'un cas exploratoire, et en enrichissant ce concept des dimensions émotions-psyché-affects. Unmodèle de cube dialectique est exploité pour une analyse et une mise en perspective inter ettransgénérationnelle conduisant à l'identification d'un "processus de gestion des PIH" des DF.L'analyse des risques attachés à ce processus offre un double axe de réflexion et d'action aux DF,l'un relatif au capital social interne de l'organisation, l'autre à la gouvernance. Le design de larecherche, abductif, de nature qualitative et interprétative, combine techniques de récits de vie,cartes cognitives, questionnaires, matrices processuelles, génogrammes, analyses des risques etélaboration de plans d'action. / The objective of this thesis is to explore the link between family social capital and the cognitive andrelational dimensions of the family firm (FF) social capital. At the crossroads of managementsciences, sociology and psychoanalysis, this work contributes to a better knowledge of the FF, whichintermingles, because of its very nature, emotions and affects in a very specific and ambivalent way.We consider that the family, through its culture, provides a shared framework to tackle reality andinfluences therefore the patterns of action and thought of its members. Thus, the question arises ofthe impact of the confrontation or superposition of these patterns (between generations, betweenbrothers and sisters, or family members and non-family employees) on the organizational culture ofthe FF. To address the ambivalences animating these family-individual-business synergies, we adaptthe concept of ICH (Individual Capitals of Habits) developed by Kaufmann (2001) to family-membermanagers (FMM), throughout a single case (preceded by an exploratory case), and we enriched itwith emotion-psyche-affect dimensions. Thus we use a dialectical cube model as a framework ofanalysis to shed light, from the inter and transgenerational angle, on a ICH management process.The analysis of the risks induced by this transversal process provides FMM with means to improveinternal organizational social capital and FF governance. The design of the research is abductive,based on a qualitative and interpretative approach. It combines FMM life stories, cognitive maps,semi directive interviews (non-family-member managers), matrices of process analysis, genograms,and risk analysis.

This cumulative dissertation covers the concepts of scenario-based strategic planning and strategic management in family firms over five articles. The first article gives an overview of the cumulative dissertation explaining the research gap, approach and contribution of the dissertation. The paper highlights the two research areas covered by the dissertation with two articles focusing on scenario-based strategic planning and two on strategic management in family firms. The second article is the first of two focusing on scenario-based strategic planning. It introduces and describes a set of six tools facilitating the implementation of scenario-based strategic planning in corporate practice. The third paper adapts these tools to the financial management and controlling context in private companies highlighting the tools’ flexibility in managing uncertain and volatile environments. The fourth article is the first of two focusing on strategic management in family firms. It analyzes organizational ambidexterity as a factor explaining family firm performance. The article shows that a high level of organizational ambidexterity in family firms leads to a higher family firm performance. The final paper concludes the dissertation examining the tendency of family firms to focus on capability exploration or resource exploitation over different generations managing the family firm.:I. SCENARIO-BASED STRATEGIC PLANNING AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN FAMILY FIRMS … 1 1. Research question and goal of the dissertation … 2 2. Summary of papers … 8 2.1. Contribution … 12 2.2. Implications and further research … 16 II. SIX TOOLS FOR SCENARIO-BASED STRATEGIC PLANNING AND THEIR APPLICATION … 25 1. Introducing tools one and two: The framing checklist and 360° stakeholder feedback … 27 1.1. The framing checklist … 27 1.2. Description of the framing checklist … 29 1.3. 360° stakeholder feedback … 36 1.3.1. Existing perceptions, blind spots and weak signals … 37 1.3.2. Description of 360° stakeholder feedback … 38 1.4. Evaluation of the framing checklist and 360° stakeholder feedback … 44 2. Applying frameworks one and two: The framing checklist and 360° stakeholder feedback in the European airline industry … 46 2.1. Introduction … 46 2.2. The framing checklist … 46 2.3. 360° stakeholder feedback … 48 3. Introducing tools three and four: The impact/uncertainty grid and the scenario matrix … 53 3.1. The impact/uncertainty grid … 53 3.2. Description of the impact/uncertainty grid … 55 3.3. The scenario matrix … 57 3.4. Description of the scenario matrix … 62 3.5. Evaluating the impact/uncertainty grid and the scenario matrix … 67 4. Applying frameworks three and four: The impact/uncertainty grid and the scenario matrix in the European airline industry … 69 4.1. Introduction … 69 4.2. The impact/uncertainty grid … 69 4.3. The scenario matrix … 71 5. Introducing tools five and six: The strategy manual and the monitoring cockpit … 87 5.1. Introduction … 87 5.2. The strategy manual … 87 5.3. Description of the strategy manual … 91 5.4. The scenario cockpit … 95 5.5. Description of the scenario cockpit … 96 5.6. Evaluating the strategy manual and the scenario cockpit ..................... 99 6. Applying frameworks five and six: The strategy manual and the scenario cockpit in the European airline industry … 102 6.1. The strategy manual … 102 6.2. The scenario cockpit … 105 III. SZENARIOBASIERTE STRATEGISCHE PLANUNG IN VOLATILEN UMFELDERN … 111 1. Einführung: Unternehmen agieren in einer zunehmend volatilen Umwelt … 112 2. Volatilität als Herausforderung für die strategische Planung … 112 3. Szenariobasierte strategische Planung als Lösungsansatz für Planung unter Volatilität …114 3.1. Grundlagen der szenariobasierten strategischen Planung … 114 3.2. Prozess der szenariobasierten strategischen Planung … 115 4. Zusammenfassung ... 122 IV. ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY AND FAMILY FIRM PERFORMANCE … 125 1. Introduction … 126 2. Theory and Hypotheses … 127 3. Methodology … 131 3.1. Research Design and Sample Generation … 131 3.2. Measures … 133 4. Analysis and Results … 135 5. Discussion and Conclusion … 139 V. THE IMPACT OF SUCCESOR GENERATION DISCOUNT IN FAMILY FIRMS: EXAMINING NONLINEAR EFFECTS ON EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION … 150 1. Introduction … 151 2. The RBV and the importance of exploration and exploitation … 154 3. The importance of exploration and exploitation in family firms … 156 4. The impact of generational involvement on exploration and exploitation in family firms … 159 5. Methodology … 164 5.1. Constructs … 165 5.2. Results … 167 6. Discussion … 172 6.1. Implications for theory and practice … 175 6.2. Study limitations and future research … 176 6.3. Conclusion … 177