<p>Denna rapport tar upp teorier och metoder kring användbarhet i skapandet av en Flash-applikation. Rapporten beskriver steg för steg i skapandeprocessen, hela vägen från att ta fram behov och användningsområde till att skapa innehållet och slutligen en utförlig redogörelse för hur applikationen sammansätts. Metoderna som använts är huvudsakligen ITK (Identity Tool Kit) och scenarier enligt Alan Cooper. Vidare har metoder för hopsättning och visualisering av applikationen använts med stöd av Nielsen och Raskins användbarhetsprinciper. Resultatet visar att för att använda ITK i syfte att kartlägga en verksamhet, kräver detta en stor förståelse och modifikation av denna. Det visar också att Alan Coopers teorier om scenarier inte heller kommer till sin rätt utan en utförlig analys av användarna i denna. Resultatet visar även att med hjälp av programvarorna 3D studio Max och Flash kan interaktivt innehåll för produktvisualisering på nätet skapas med goda resultat.</p> / <p>This report addresses the theories and methods of usability in creating a Flash application. The report describes step by step in the creative process, all the way from the development needs and use to create content and finally a detailed explanation of how the application assemblies. The methods used are mainly ITK (Identity Tool Kit) and scenarios according to Alan Cooper. Furthermore, methods of assembly and visualization of application used with the support of Nielsen and Raskin usability principles. The result shows that the use of ITK in order to identify an activity, this requires a great understanding and modification of this. It also shows that Alan Cooper's theories about the scenarios do not come into its own, without a detailed analysis of the users thereof. The results also show that using the software 3D Studio Max and Flash for interactive content for product visualization on the web is created with good results.</p>

Denna rapport tar upp teorier och metoder kring användbarhet i skapandet av en Flash-applikation. Rapporten beskriver steg för steg i skapandeprocessen, hela vägen från att ta fram behov och användningsområde till att skapa innehållet och slutligen en utförlig redogörelse för hur applikationen sammansätts. Metoderna som använts är huvudsakligen ITK (Identity Tool Kit) och scenarier enligt Alan Cooper. Vidare har metoder för hopsättning och visualisering av applikationen använts med stöd av Nielsen och Raskins användbarhetsprinciper. Resultatet visar att för att använda ITK i syfte att kartlägga en verksamhet, kräver detta en stor förståelse och modifikation av denna. Det visar också att Alan Coopers teorier om scenarier inte heller kommer till sin rätt utan en utförlig analys av användarna i denna. Resultatet visar även att med hjälp av programvarorna 3D studio Max och Flash kan interaktivt innehåll för produktvisualisering på nätet skapas med goda resultat. / This report addresses the theories and methods of usability in creating a Flash application. The report describes step by step in the creative process, all the way from the development needs and use to create content and finally a detailed explanation of how the application assemblies. The methods used are mainly ITK (Identity Tool Kit) and scenarios according to Alan Cooper. Furthermore, methods of assembly and visualization of application used with the support of Nielsen and Raskin usability principles. The result shows that the use of ITK in order to identify an activity, this requires a great understanding and modification of this. It also shows that Alan Cooper's theories about the scenarios do not come into its own, without a detailed analysis of the users thereof. The results also show that using the software 3D Studio Max and Flash for interactive content for product visualization on the web is created with good results.

Recent research has implicated working memory in unconscious tasks, controversially shifting the viewpoint of conscious access necessitating working memory functions (Soto, Mäntylä &amp; Silvanto, 2011). The aim of this study was to investigate the flexibility of unconscious working memory using continuous flash suppression (CFS). Participants (n=18) completed a simple delayed-match-to-sample (DMS) task. Two conditions required the matching of either objects or spatial locations. CFS was used to render stimuli invisible and the perceptual awareness scale (PAS) helped to determine subjective conscious experience. Analysis determined no significant findings in d’ or reaction times. This confirmed the null hypothesis, that there would not be an affect on working memory due to presentation of visually suppressed information. These results may have been due to a lack of effect, complexity or procedural issues. Further research is needed to elucidate these non-significant results. This is especially critical since alternative methods examining unconscious working memory have found significant results.

ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper discusses data storage requirements for data acquisition systems, and evaluates the ability of three of the most popular COTS data storage solutions - mechanical disk, ruggedized mechanical disk and solid-state flash disk - to meet these requirements today and in the future. It addresses issues of capacity, data reliability, endurance, form factor, cost and security. It concludes with a discussion of trends to implement high-speed serial interfaces in data acquisition systems, and the challenges that these trends pose for COTS storage solutions.

Modeling of engineering objects with complex heterogeneous material structure at nanoscale level has emerged as an important research problem. In this research, we are interested in multiscale modeling and analysis of mechanical properties of the polymer structures created in the Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (SFIL) process. SFIL is a novel imprint lithography process designed to transfer circuit patterns for fabricating microchips in low-pressure and room-temperature environments. Since the smallest features in SFIL are only a few molecules across, approximating them as a continuum is not completely accurate. Previous research in this subject has dealt with coupling discrete models with continuum hyperelasticity models. The modeling of the post-polymerization step in SFIL involves computing solutions of large nonlinear energy minimization problems with fast spatial variation in material properties. An equilibrium configuration is found by minimizing the energy of this heterogeneous polymeric lattice. Numerical solution of such a molecular statics base model, which is assumed to describe the microstructure completely, is computationally very expensive. This is due to the problem size – on the order of millions of degrees of freedom (DOFs). Rapid variation in material properties, ill-conditioning, nonlinearity, and non-convexity make this problem even more challenging to solve. We devise a method for efficient approximation of the solution. Combining numerical homogenization, adaptive finite element meshes, and goaloriented error estimation, we develop a black-box method for efficient solution of problems with multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this homogenization method is to reduce the number of DOFs, find locally optimal effective material properties, and do goal-oriented mesh refinement. In addition, it smoothes the energy landscape. Traditionally, a finite element mesh is designed after obtaining material properties in different regions. The mesh has to resolve material discontinuities and rapid variations. In our approach, however, we generate a sequence of coarse meshes (possibly 1-irregular), and homogenize material properties on each coarse mesh element using a locally posed constrained convex quadratic optimization problem. This upscaling is done using Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of the linearized fine-scale element stiffness matrices, and a material independent interpolation operator. This requires solution of a continuous-time Lyapunov equation on each element. Using the adjoint solution, we compute local error estimates in the quantity of interest. The error estimates also drive the automatic mesh adaptivity algorithm. The results show that this method uses orders of magnitude fewer degrees of freedom to give fast and approximate solutions of the original fine-scale problem. Critical to the computational speed of local homogenization is computing Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of rank-deficient matrices without using Singular Value Decomposition. To this end, we use four algorithms, each having different desirable features. The algorithms are based on Tikhonov regularization, sparse QR factorization, a priori knowledge of the null-space of the matrix, and iterative methods based on proper splittings of matrices. These algorithms can exploit sparsity and thus are fast. Although the homogenization method is designed with a specific molecular statics problem in mind, it is a general method applicable for problems with a given fine mesh that sufficiently resolves the fine-scale material properties. We verify the method using a conductivity problem in 2-D, with chessboard like thermal conductivity pattern, which has a known homogenized conductivity. We analyze other aspects of the homogenization method, for example the choice of norm in which we measure local error, optimum coarse mesh element size for homogenizing SFIL lattices, and the effect of the method chosen for computing the pseudoinverse. / text

The increasing demands on higher density, lower cost, higher speed, better endurance and longer retention has push flash memory technology, which is predominant and the driving force of the semiconductor nonvolatile memory market in recent years, to the position facing great challenges. However, the conventional flash memory technology using continuous highly doped polysilicon as floating gate, which is the most common in today’s commercial market, can't satisfy these demands, with the transistor size continuously scaling down beyond 32 nm. Nanocrystal floating gate flash memory and SONOS-type flash memory are considered among the most promising approaches to extend scalability and performance improvement for next generation flash memory. This dissertation addresses the issues that have big effects on nanocrystal floating gate flash memory and SONOS-type flash memory performances. New device structures and new material compatible to CMOS flow are proposed and demonstrated as potential solutions for further device performance improvement. First, the effect of nanocrystal-high k dielectric interface quality on nanocrystal flash memory performance is studied. By using germanium-silicon core-shell nanocrystals or ruthenium nanocrystals buried in HfO₂ as charge storage nodes, high interface quality has been achieved, leading to promising memory device performance. Next, another crucial challenge for nanocrystal flash memory on how to deposit uniformly distributed nanocrystal matrix in good shape and size control with high density is discussed. Using protein GroEL to obtain well ordered high density nanocrystal pattern, a flash memory device with Ni nanocrystals buried in HfO₂ is demonstrated. For this technique, the nanocrystal size is restricted to the GroEL's central cavity size and the density is limited by protein template. To overcome this limitation, a novel method using self-assembled Co-SiO₂ nanocrystals as charge storage nodes is demonstrated. Separated by thin SiO₂, these nanocrystals can form close packed form to achieve ultrahigh density. Finally, charge trapping layer band engineering is proposed for SONOS-type memory for better memory performance. By manipulating the pulse ratio of Hf and Al precursor during ALD deposition, the band diagram of Hf[subscript x]Al[subscript y]O charge trapping layer is optimized to have a Hf : Al ratio 3:1 at bottom and 1:3 at the top, leading to better trade-off between programming and retention for the of memory device. / text

<p>Det här arbetet är ett utvecklingsprojekt vars mål är att producera en applikationsom ska integreras i C4 Webbutveckling AB:s e-butikssystem. Användningsområdet för applikationen är att en kund ska kunna designa en produkt ur e-butiken med bild- eller texttryck. Applikationen kommer att utvecklas för Flashplattformen eftersom det var ett av kraven från uppdragsgivaren. Rent praktiskt så kommer applikationen fungera enligt följande: kunden väljer en produkt som den vill trycksätta och applikationen öppnas. Användaren kan nu välja vilket eller vilka tryck den vill ha ur en lista, när den sedan klickat på ett tryck kan användaren dra runt trycket och placera det där den önskar på produkten. När användaren är klar så klickar den på ”gå vidare” och den skickas vidare ur applikationen och tillbaka in i butiken. I samband med att applikationen stängs så skapas en PDF-fil med bilder på de trycksatta produkterna och skickas upp till servern för att instruera leverantören om hur trycken ska placeras.</p>

Modern data centers are increasingly using shared storage solutions for ease of management. Data is cached on the client side on inexpensive and high-capacity flash devices, helping improve performance and reduce contention on the storage side. Currently, write-through caching is used because it ensures consistency and durability under client failures, but it offers poor performance for write-heavy workloads. In this work, we propose two write-back based caching policies, called write-back flush and write-back persist, that provide strong reliability guarantees, under two different client failure models. These policies rely on storage applications such as file systems and databases issuing write barriers to persist their data, because these barriers are the only reliable method for storing data durably on storage media. Our evaluation shows that these policies achieve performance close to write-back caching, while providing stronger guarantees than vanilla write-though caching.

The exponential growth of computer power is no longer limited to stand alone computing systems but applies to all areas of commercial embedded computing systems. The ongoing rapid growth in intelligent embedded systems is visible in the commercial automotive area, where a modern car today implements up to 80 different electronic control units (ECUs) and their total memory size has been increased to several hundreds of megabyte. This growth in the commercial mass production world has led to new challenges, even within the automotive industry but also in other business areas where cost pressure is high. The need to drive cost down means that every cent spent on recurring engineering costs needs to be justified. A conflict between functional requirements (functionality, system reliability, production and manufacturing aspects etc.), testing and maintainability aspects is given. Software reprogramming, as a key issue within the automotive industry, solve that given conflict partly in the past. Software Reprogramming for in-field service and maintenance in the after sales markets provides a strong method to fix previously not identified software errors. But the increasing software sizes and therefore the increasing software reprogramming times will reduce the benefits. Especially if ECU’s software size growth faster than vehicle’s onboard infrastructure can be adjusted. The thesis result enables cost prediction of embedded systems’ software reprogramming by generating an effective and reliable model for reprogramming time for different existing and new technologies. This model and additional research results contribute to a timeline for short term, mid term and long term solutions which will solve the currently given problems as well as future challenges, especially for the automotive industry but also for all other business areas where cost pressure is high and software reprogramming is a key issue during products life cycle.

Routes to N-amino heterocycles were reviewed and findings applied to generate flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) precursors of two types - ketene generators and azol-1-yl radical generators. N-Amino heterocycles can be used as nitrogen radical generators, the N-N bond being homolytically cleaved at furnace temperatures of approximately 850 °C. A number of 2-substituted benzimidazoles were synthesised and subsequently Naminated. The 2-arylbenzimidazole precursors 1-amino-2-(2-methylphenyl)-1Hbenzimidazole and 1-amino-2-(2-ethylphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole were synthesised and subjected to FVP. The hydrogen transfer processes of the resulting azol-1-yl radicals were investigated. Pyrolysis of 1-amino-2-(2-methylphenyl)-1Hbenzimidazole resulted in three products; 2-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-benzimdazole, 11H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]isoindole and 1-(2-methylphenyl)-1Hbenzo[ d]imidazol-2-amine. Pyrolysis of 1-amino-2-(2-ethylphenyl)-1Hbenzimidazole resulted in five products, four of which have been successfully isolated and identified as 2-(2-ethylphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole, 5,6- dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline, 1-(2-ethylphenyl)-1Hbenzo[ d]imidazol-2-amine and 11-methyl-11H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoindole. The mechanism of formation of most products is initiated by hydrogen atom transfer to the azol-1-yl radical position. N-Aminopyrazole was reacted with 5-methoxymethylene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane- 4,6-dione to form the corresponding 5-(N-aminopyrazolyl)methylene derivative, which, when subjected to FVP, eliminates acetone and carbon dioxide to form a methyleneketene. This subsequently undergoes a [1,3]-hydrogen shift giving an imidoylketene which can collapse onto the neighbouring nitrogen atom forming pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,3]triazin-5-ium-4-olate (a novel heterocyclic mesomeric betaine system) or cyclise onto the adjacent carbon atom to yield a pyrazolopyridazinone. On variation of the furnace temperature it was apparent the former forms at relatively moderate temperatures (~500 °C) whereas the latter begins to predominate as the furnace temperature increases (~700 °C). The relationship between these kinetic and thermodynamic products was modelled using DFT calculations. By using substituted pyrazole precursors, substituents could be incorporated into all three available positions around the pyrazole ring. Using substituted acrylic esters as alternative imidoylketene generators, substituents could also be incorporated into both available positions in the pyridazinone ring. All corresponding betaine and pyrazolopyridazinone products were isolated and characterised.