Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2873.pdf: 1742791 bytes, checksum: 47d9a0ace2c120efe792f6fd0fd840c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-03 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a kinesiotherapy protocol in a group-based for strengthen the pelvic floor muscles (KGSPF) for the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function and pressure level, quality of life (QOL) and isometric and isokinetic hip adductors peak torque (PT) among women with urinary incontinence (UI) that was not sedentary. Fifteen women (mean age 60,20 ± 8,16) were enrolled in this study. They were evaluated, at beginning and after 12 weeks, by a clinical evaluation; one hour pad test; three-day voiding diary; a QOL with King Health Questionnaire (KHQ); PFM function (digital and perioneometer) and isometric and isokinetic hip adductors PT. The KGSPF protocol consisted of 12 sessions of one hour, once a week. The KGSPF protocol included exercises to strengthen PFM, information and guidance for UI. The data were analyzed by non-parametric Wilcoxon test and Spearman coefficient correlation. The significance level was 5%. After 12 weeks, the group presented a significant improvement of QOL and PFM function and pressure. It was presented a significant decrease for isometric hip adductors PT, one hour pad test (p=0,03), urgency episodes (p=0,04), and UI (p=0,02). It was found moderate negative correlation between age and the isokinetic hip adductors PT for dominant side (r= -0,53; p=0,04) and non-dominant side (r= -0,57; p=0,03); between the PFM contraction pressure and isokinetic hip adductors PT for dominant side (r= -0,62; p=0,03) and nondominant side (r= -0,64;p= 0,02); and between contraction force of PFM fast fibers and isometric hip adductors PT for dominant side (r= 0,60; p=0,03) and non-dominant side (r=-0,59; p=0,04). In conclusion, the KGSPF protocol was effective to decrease UI and isometric hip adductors PT, and to improve QOL. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um protocolo de cinesioterapia para o fortalecimento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico em grupo (CFAPG) sobre a função e nível de pressão dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP), qualidade de vida e pico de torque (PT) isométrico e isocinético de adutores de quadril, em mulheres com perda urinária e não sedentárias. Participaram deste estudo 15 mulheres, com média de idade de 60,20 ± 8,16, que realizaram, no início e ao final do protocolo, a avaliação clínica; teste do absorvente de uma hora; diário miccional de três dias; avaliação da qualidade de vida, por meio do questionário King Health Questionnaire (KHQ); avaliação da função dos MAP digital e com o perineômetro, e avaliação do PT isométrico e isocinético de adutores de quadril. O protocolo de CFAPG teve duração de 12 sessões com uma hora, uma vez por semana, sendo realizados os exercícios para fortalecimento dos MAP, além de informações e orientações para a incontinência urinária. Os dados foram analisados no programa Statistica utilizando o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, adotou-se um nível de significância de 5%. Ao final do protocolo ocorreu melhora significativa da qualidade de vida, função e pressão de contração dos MAP e diminuição significativa no PT isométrico de adutores de quadril, teste do absorvente de uma hora (p=0,03), nos episódios de urgência (p=0,04) e perda urinária (p=0,02). Houve correlação negativa moderada entre a idade e o PT isocinética de adutores de quadril do membro dominante (r= -0,53; p=0,04) e não dominante (r= -0,57; p=0,03); entre a pressão de contração dos MAP e o PT isocinética de adutores de quadril do membro dominante (r= -0,62; p=0,03) e não dominante (r= -0,64;p= 0,02); e entre a força de contração das fibras rápidas dos MAP com PT isométrico de adutores de quadril do membro dominante (r= 0,60; p=0,03) e não dominante (r=-0,59; p=0,04). Desta forma, conclui-se que o protocolo de CFAPG foi eficaz para diminuir a perda urinária e o PT isométrico de adutores de quadril e melhorar a qualidade de vida.

This thesis aims to optimize self-levelling floor screeds and thin layer screeds based on ternary binder system containing portland cement, calcium aluminate cement and gypsum with intentional ettringite formation. It also studies the influence of designed mixtures, chemical admixtures and aggregate granulometry on achieved technological characteristics required by standard.

Through a comparative case study of Trisha Browns choreographies Floor of the Forest (1970) and Accumulation (1971), presented in a visual arts context in the 1970's and in the 2000's, this paper traces how performative aspects of Browns work has changed over time.  Floor of the Forest and Accumulation are analyzed through Erika Fischer-Lichte's theory of performativity in performance and the performing arts. The original choreographies in the 1970's are further contextualized by Browns history and role in the visual arts field in the 1960's and 1970's. Performances of Floor of the Forest and Accumulation in museums in the twentieth century are discussed in relation to Claire Bishops concept dance exhibition.  The findings show how the place/site continued to be a central factor in Brown's choreographing also after her site-specific performances in the 1970's. The exhibition of Floor of the Forest and Accumulation in museums took place through an adaptation of the choreographies to the specific site of the museum, in order to enable new performative spaces. An adaptability to the visual arts institution that, according to Bishop, characterizes the phenomenon dance exhibition. / Genom en komparativ fallstudie av Trisha Browns koreografier Floor of the Forest (1970) och Accumulation (1971), som har tagit plats i bildkonstens rum på 1970-talet och 2000-talet, spåras i uppsatsen hur performativa aspekter av Browns konstnärskap har förändrats över tid. Uppföranden av Floor of the Forest och Accumulation analyseras genom Erika Fischer-Lichte's teori om performativitet i konsthändelsen. De tidiga koreografierna kontextualiseras i relation Browns roll i 1960- och 1970-talens konstfält. Rekonstruktionen av koreografiernas uppföranden på museer på 2000-talet diskuteras vidare utifrån Claire Bishops koncept dansutställningar. Studien visar hur platsen/rummet fortsatte att utgöra en central aspekt i Browns koreograferande även efter hennes platsspecifika koreografier på 1970-talet. Utställningen av Browns koreografier på museer ägde rum genom en anpassning till museets specifika plats, för att således möjliggöra nya performativa rum. En anpassningsförmåga som enligt Bishop präglar fenomenet dansutställningar.

The subject of the project is a new building in the cadastral area of Havlíčkův Brod. The object is designed for 30 persons for accommodation and 52 people in the restaurant. The building is partly basement and has three floors. On the first floor there is a restaurant with guest facilities and a kitchen with facilities for the staff. On the second and third above-ground floor are mainly hotel rooms. In the basement there is technical equipment such as a boiler room, air-conditioning machine and laundry. The object is solved from ceramic blocks POROTHERM. The ceiling is a monolithic reinforced concrete. The roof is flat single-skinned.

The thesis deals with determining the quotient of usable area and the built-up area for houses in a specific location and analyzes the influence over size of quotient according to variables in process of determining.

The master´s thesis deals with the project documentation of the kindergarten in Horní Heršpice. The structure is designed as a detached building with one floor. The ground plan is in the shape of the letter „U“. The kindergarten has two compartments, each of which is intended for 20 children. There is also a kitchen and technical facilities in the building. Solid wood panels (type CLT) from the Novatop company were selected as the structural system. The building is based on foam glass, on which there is a reinforced concrete slab. One part of the building is topped by a flat „green roof“, and the second part with a slanted roof. Access to the building is from the north, where the parking is also situated.

An increased share of construction with timber is one possible way of achieving more sustainable and energy-efficient life cycles of buildings. The main reason is that wood is a renewable material and buildings require a large amount of resources. Timber buildings taller than two storeys were prohibited in Europe until the 1990s due to fire regulations. In 1994, this prohibition was removed in Sweden.     Some of the early multi-storey timber buildings were associated with more complaints due to impact sound than concrete buildings with the same measured impact sound class rating. Research in later years has shown that the frequency range used for rating has not been sufficiently low in order to include all the sound characteristics that are important for subjective perception of impact sound in light weight timber buildings. The AkuLite project showed that the frequency range has to be extended down to 20 Hz in order to give a good quality of the rating. This low frequency range of interest requires a need for knowledge of the sound field distribution, how to best measure the sound, how to predict the sound transmission levels and how to correlate numerical predictions with measurements.     Here, the goal is to improve the knowledge and methodology concerning measurements and predictions of low frequency impact sound in light weight timber buildings. Impact sound fields are determined by grid measurements in rooms within timber buildings with different designs of their joist floors. The measurements are used to increase the understanding of impact sound and to benchmark different field measurement methods. By estimating transfer functions, from impact forces to vibrations and then sound pressures in receiving rooms, from vibrational test data, improved possibilities to correlate the experimental results to numerical simulations are achieved. A number of excitation devices are compared experimentally to evaluate different characteristics of the test data achieved. Further, comparisons between a timber based hybrid joist floor and a modern concrete floor are made using FE-models to evaluate how stiffness and surface mass parameters affect the impact sound transfer and the radiation.     The measurements of sound fields show that light weight timber floors in small rooms tend to have their highest sound levels in the low frequency region, where the modes are well separated, and that the highest levels even can occur below the frequency of the first room mode of the air. In rooms with excitation from the floor above, the highest levels tend to occur at the floor levels and in the floor corners, if the excitation is made in the middle of the room above. Due to nonlinearities, the excitation levels may affect the transfer function in low frequencies which was shown in an experimental study. Surface mass and bending stiffness of floor systems are shown, by simulations, to be important for the amount of sound radiated.     By applying a transfer function methodology, measuring the excitation forces as well as the responses, improvements of correlation analyses between measurements and simulations can be achieved / <p>Opponent:Kari, Leif, Professor</p><p>Handledare: Linderholt, Andreas, Lektor</p><p>ProjektProWoodSilent Timber BuildUrban TranquilityBioInnovation FBBB</p><p>Forskningsfinansiär: KK-stiftelsen</p><p>Delarbeten:</p><p>1. Low frequency measurements of impact sound performance in light weight timber frame office buildings</p><p>2. Low frequency sound pressure fields in small rooms in wooden buildings with dense and sparse joist floor spacings</p><p>3. Low Frequency Force to Sound Pressure Transfer Function Measurements Using a Modified Tapping Machine on a Light Weight Wooden Joinst Floor4. Impact evaluation of a thin hybrid wood based joist floor</p>

Denna rapport utreder möjligheterna att använda restprodukter som ljudisolering i lägenhetsskiljande mellanbjälklag av trä med spännvidd 6 m. Ett steg mot att uppfylla Sveriges byggindustris nollvision för koldioxidutsläpp är att bygga mer i trä och att återanvända/återvinna restprodukter. Det svenska entreprenadföretaget Skanska har vid sina krossanläggningar ett överskott av material i form av bergkross 0 - 0,2 mm och krossad restbetong. I denna rapport har en prototyp av ett träbjälklag tagits fram med influenser från byggtekniken från sekelskiftet 1800–1900 med avseende på nyttjandet av tung fyllningsmassa som ljudisolering i träbjälklag. Den framtagna bjälklagsprototypen uppfyller de krav som ställts i BBR efter dimensionering enligt Eurokoderna med hänsyn till brand, hållfasthet, svikt och nedböjning. Enligt en simulering i SEAWood, ett verktyg för akustiksimulering som är under utveckling vid RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, uppfylls även kraven på ljudisolering, detta stöds av de analyser som gjorts av mätresultat från liknande bjälklag. Fyllningsmaterialets höga vikt medför att prototypen är ett lågfrekvent bjälklag, detta kombinerat med att simuleringen endast är en indikation på ljudisoleringsegenskaper gör att det kommer krävas praktiska tester för att fastställa prototypens ljudisolerande och dynamiska egenskaper. Den framtagna bjälklagsprototypen är lämplig att prefabricera tack vare en konstruktion med få ingående delar. Att prefabricera bjälklaget har utöver de ekonomiska fördelar det medför stora fördelar ur ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv och är även fördelaktigt ur fuktsynpunkt. För att uppskatta bjälklagets miljöpåverkan gjordes en enklare jämförelse med ett prefabricerat betongbjälklag som visade att utsläppen av koldioxidekvivalenter fram till bruksfasen var mer än dubbelt så stor för betongbjälklaget än för prototypbjälklaget. / This report investigates the possibilities of using residual products as sound insulation in apartment separating timber floors with a span of 6 m. One step towards meeting the Swedish construction industry's zero vision for carbon dioxide emissions is to build more using timber and to reuse/recycle residual products. The Swedish building contractor Skanska has at its quarries a surplus of material in the form of crushed rock of the 0 - 0.2 mm fraction and crushed residual concrete. In this report, a prototype of a timber floor has been produced with influences of construction technology from the turn of the 19 th century regarding the use of heavy filling as sound insulation in timber floors. The developed floor prototype complies with the requirements set in BBR after dimensioning according the Eurocodes regarding fire safety, strength, sagging and deflection. According to a simulation in SEAWood, a tool for acoustic simulation which is under development at RISE Research Institutes of Sweden the requirements for sound insulation are also met, which is supported by analyzes made by comparing with data on similar timber floors. The high mass of the filling material implies that the prototype is a low frequency floor, this in conjunction with the simulation only being an indication of sound insulation properties, it will require practical tests to determine the prototypes sound insulating and dynamic properties. The developed floor prototype is suitable for prefabrication thanks to a design with few components. Prefabrication of the floor has in addition to the economic benefits it brings great benefits from a working environment perspective and is also beneficial from a moisture point of view. To estimate the environmental impact of the timber flooring, a simple comparison was made with a prefabricated concrete floor which showed that carbon dioxide emissions up to the using phase were more than twice that of the concrete floor than for the prototype floor.

Vid gjutning av bostadsbjälklag är formbyggnad och stämprivning ett viktigt moment. Inombyggbranschen råder vissa tveksamheter angående när och hur stämpen skall rivas. Instruktioner förhur det skall gå till finns att tillgå men de är ofta svårtolkade och i viss mån utdaterade. Det leder tillatt de i många fall inte följs. Hjälpmedel som mätinstrument och simuleringsprogram för detta finnsmen används sparsamt. För att undvika olyckor och säkerställa att betongens hållfasthet är tillräckligutan hjälpmedel används överdrivna tidsmarginaler och detta leder sannolikt till att stämp blirståendes längre än vad som krävs.Under arbetets gång studeras stämp och gjutningsprocessen i detalj för att kunna skapa en tydligbild över hur de ingående faktorerna vid valvgjutningar påverkar varandra. Syftet är att föreslå enlämplig tidpunkt för stämprivning vid valvkonstruktioner. Detta utförs för att kunna avgöra ifall detfinns någon större förbättringspotential, dels när det gäller att motverka slösaktighet av resurser ochförbättra arbetsmiljön men även för att se över instruktionerna för tillvägagångssättet vidformrivning.De metoder som används för att nå resultatet är:● Litteraturstudie av de dokument som beskriver tillvägagångssättet vid stämprivning.● Mätningar med instrument som beräknar hållfasthet vid gjutningar av bostadsbjälklag.● Simuleringar av hållfasthet i programmet Hett 11.● Intervjuer av sakkunniga inom branschen.Resultatet av studien visar på stora skillnader mellan hur länge stämpen står i praktiken och hurlänge de enligt teorin behöver stå. En anledning till detta är att uttorkningstiderna är styrande underproduktionen. Detta medför att högre betongkvaliteter och snabbare härdningstider än de somprojekterades används i byggandet, speciellt vid låga temperaturer. Slutsatsen är att det finnsförbättringspotential inom området. Säkerhetsstämpning kan utföras endast ett par dagar eftergjutning vid goda förhållanden. Fördelarna med detta är att antalet stämp kan minskas, vilket ledertill minskade hyror, samt att framkomligheten för kommande yrkesgrupper och arbetsmoment kanförbättras. / When casting a residential floor, formwork and shore removal is an important element. There aresome doubts in the industry about when and how to remove the shores. There are instructionsavailable but they are often outdated and difficult to interpret. As a result, they are often notfollowed. Appliances such as measuring equipment and simulation software are available but areused sparingly. To avoid accidents and to ensure that the strength of the concrete is sufficientwithout appliances, excessive time margins are used. This will most likely result in unnecessarily longshoring times.During the course of the work, the subject will be studied in detail to create a clear picture of howthe many different factors of the casted floor influence each other. The purpose is to propose asuitable time to remove the shores. This is done in order to determine if there is improvementpotential, partly to improve the working environment, but also to review the instructions of theapproach.The methods used to reach the result are:• Study of the documents describing the procedure of shoring and reshoring• Calculate the compressive strength of the concrete with the device “BI Distant”• Simulate the compressive strength of the concrete in the program Hett 11.• Interviews by experts in the industry.The results show that the shores could theoretically be removed earlier compared to when they areusually removed in practice. One reason for this is that drying times are governing during theproduction. This means that increased concrete qualities and faster curing times than those thatwere planned, were used in construction, particularly at low temperatures. The conclusion is thatthere is an improvement potential in this area. Reshoring can be done only a few days after castingunder good conditions. The advantages of this are that the number of shores can be reduced. Thisleads to reduced rents, and the accessibility for the subsequent professionals and operations can beimproved.

Bakgrund: Urininkontinens är ett stort folkhälsoproblem i världen och det definieras som ofrivilligt urinläckage. Vid en graviditet är risken stor att drabbas av urininkontinens och många återhämtar sig inte utan får kvarstående problem. Bäckenbottenträning är den vanligaste behandlingsmetoden för urininkontinens.  Syfte: Denna litteraturstudie syftade till att utvärdera effekten av bäckenbottenträning som intervention hos kvinnor som lider av postnatal urininkontinens. Metod: En litteraturstudie med systematisk sökning i databasen PubMed. Studiernas kvalitet granskades med PEDros granskningsmall och evidensgradering genomfördes med GRADEstud. Resultat: Totalt inkluderades sju studier i studien, varav fyra var av god kvalitet och tre var av måttlig kvalitet. Fem av sju studier visade signifikanta skillnader i effekten av bäckenbottenträning på urininkontinens. Tre av fem studier visade signifikanta skillnader i effekten av bäckenbottenträning på styrka samt två av fem på uthållighet i bäckenbottenmuskulaturen. Evidensstyrkan bedömdes som låg och mycket låg, både gällande effekten på förekomsten av urininkontinens och muskelstyrkan och uthålligheten i bäckenbotten. Konklusion: Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie visar på att bäckenbottenträning postpartum har effekt på både förekomst av urininkontinens samt muskelstyrkan i bäckenbotten. Då tillförlitlighet var låg till mycket låg har dock inte resultatet någon klinisk relevans. Gällande uthållighet i bäckenbottenmuskulatur är resultatet ovisst och även här med låg tillförlitlighet. Den genomgående låga tillförlitligheten tyder på att det krävs fler fysioterapeutiska högkvalitativa studier för att kunna dra några större slutsatser. / Background: Urinary incontinence is a major public health problem in the world and is defined as involuntary leakage of urine. During pregnancy, there is a high risk of urinary incontinence, and many suffer from persistent problems. Pelvic floor training is the most common treatment for urinary incontinence. Objective: This review aimed to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor training for women suffering from postnatal urinary incontinence. Method: A systematic literature search was carried out in the database PubMed. The study quality was reviewed with the PEDro-scale and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADEstud. Results: Seven studies were included in the study, of which four were of good quality and three were of moderate quality. Five of seven studies showed significant effect of pelvic floor training on urinary incontinence. Three out of five studies showed significant effect of pelvic floor training on strength and two out of five on endurance in the pelvic floor muscles. The certainty of evidence was assessed as low to very low. Conclusion: The review showed that pelvic floor training has a positive effect on both the occurrence of urinary incontinence and the muscle strength of the pelvic floor muscles. Regarding endurance, no significant difference could be established. However, as reliability was low to very low, the result has no clinical relevance, and thus, more high-quality physiotherapeutic studies are needed in order to come to further conclusions.