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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY - MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CLINICALLY AND PHARMACOLOGICALLY RELEVANT MOLECULES

Kakarla, Raghavi 13 December 2019 (has links)
No description available.
152

Vývoj a použití elektrochemického průtokového detektoru s obnovitelnou náplní / Development and application of electrochemical flow-through detector with renewable working material

Mika, Jan January 2019 (has links)
The aim of this thesis was development and initial testing of new porous electrochemical detector for flow-through arrangements, especially for flow injection analysis (FIA) and liquid chromatography. One of the most advantageous properties of the detector is simple renewal of working material and thus its suitability for determination of strongly passivating substances. Glassy carbon microbeads and copper microparticles were tested as a working material within this study. Initially, basic electrochemical properties of the glassy carbon-based detector were examined by FIA using hydroquinone and potassium ferrocyanide as model substances. For both model substances high degree of conversion was achieved (around 100 %), and thus it was concluded that glassy carbon-based detector can be considered as coulometric. Hereafter, practical application of the carbon-based detector are presented on five electrochemically active substances closely related to the human medicine and pharmacy - thymol, tyrosine, sulfamethizole and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) simultaneously determinined with homovanillic acid (HVA). Complexity of instrumental arrangement of flow-through methods had been increasing consecutively up to the HPLC determination with gradient programme. It was proved that the carbon-based detector is...
153

Development of Photochemically Initiated Direct and Indirect Luminescence Detection Methods for Liquid Chromatography (LC) and Study of Aromatic Sulfonates and Phospholipids Using Reversed Phase Ion-Pair LC-Mass Spectrometry

Zhang, Wei 13 November 2003 (has links)
No description available.
154

Preparação de hidróxidos mistos nanoestruturados de níquel/cobalto e desenvolvimento de sensores FIA amperométricos / Preparation of nanostructured nickel/cobalt mixed hydroxides and development of FIA amperometric sensors

Martins, Paulo Roberto 21 March 2012 (has links)
Nesta tese foram desenvolvidos sensores amperométricos baseados em porfirinas supramoleculares e hidróxido de níquel nanoestruturado e estabilizado na fase alfa, bem como novos materiais baseados em hidróxidos mistos de níquel e cobalto nanoetruturados e estabilizados na fase alfa. Também, um analisador FIA amperométrico, foi desenvolvido em colaboração com o Laboratório de Instrumentação Analítica do IQ-USP, para a determinação e quantificação de SO2 livre em amostras reais, como vinhos, águas de coco e sucos de frutas. Os sensores amperométricos baseados em porfirinas supramoleculares foram empregados na determinação de SO2 livre, presente em sucos de frutas e águas de coco, utilizando um sistema FIA amperométrico. O sistema FIA amperométrico foi constituído de um injetor manual, uma cela amperométrica em fluxo integrada a uma unidade de difusão de gases e um fluxo de uma solução de ácido sulfúrico e de uma solução de eletrólito. Possíveis interferentes como ácido ascórbico, catecol, glicose e benzoato de sódio foram avaliados antes de iniciar as análises das amostras reais. Os resultados das análises foram comparados com o método oficial Monier-Williams. Os níveis de SO2 livre encontrados nas amostras estavam de acordo com o que é preconizado pela Legislação Brasileira. Os eletrodos de FTO, modificados com hidróxido de níquel estabilizado na fase alfa, foram utilizados como sensores amperométricos para a determinação de glicose, usando um sistema FIA amperométrico. Estes sensores apresentaram excelentes respostas lineares em concentrações inferiores a 100 µM. Ainda estes sensores têm apresentado uma sensibilidade específica muito elevada para a glicose, provavelmente associada com a sua natureza nanoestruturada, e consequêntemente sua área superficial aumentada. No entanto o eletrodo modificado apresentou uma tendência de mudar de fase, da fase meta-estável alfa para a fase termodinamicamente estável beta, com o aumento da concentração de glicose. Novos materiais baseados em hidróxidos mistos de níquel e cobalto estabilizados na fase alfa também foram desenvolvidos. A partir de técnicas como difratometria de raio-x e Microbalança Eletroquímica de Cristal de Quartzo (MECQ) foi possível determinar a fase polimórfica dos materiais. Técnicas como AFM e MEV demonstraram que estes materiais são formados por nanopartículas com tamanhos de 5 nm. Estes nanomateriais apresentaram uma maior quantidade de carga específica, em comparação com o hidróxido de níquel puro. E por último um analisador FIA amperométrico automatizado foi desenvolvido para a realização de análises de SO2 livre em amostras líquidas. Este analisador é composto por reservatórios de soluções, sistema de amostragem, sistema de propulsão das soluções, cela FIA amperométrica integrada a uma unidade de difusão de gases, um sensor amperométrico, além de placas controladoras, mini-potenciostato e um software para controlar o equipamento. Uma elevada reprodutibilidade foi alcançada para análises sequenciais de uma amostra, mas quando a amostra foi trocada a reprodutibilidade foi muito baixa, sendo necessário mais desenvolvimento do sistema FIA automatizado nesta área. / New nanomaterials based on mixed nickel and cobalt hydroxides stabilized in the alpha phase, as well as amperometric sensors based on supramolecular porphyrins and stabilized alpha nickel hydroxide were developed in this thesis. An amperometric FIA sulfite analyzer was also developed in colaboration with of Group of Analytical Instrumentation of IQ-USP, for determination of free SO2 present in liquid samples such as wine, coconut water and fruit juices. The amperometric FIA system is constituted by manual injector, amperometric FIA cell with integrated gas diffusion unit and amperometric sensor based on supramolecular porphyrins, whereas sulfuric acid and electrolyte were used as reactive and carrier solution. Some species such as ascorbic acid, cathecol, glucose and sodium benzoate were evaluated as possible interferents before starting the analyses of real samples. The results were compared with those obtained with the official Monier-Williams method. The concentrations of free SO2 found in fruit juices and coconut water were in accordance with Brazilian law. The amperometric FIA sensors for determination of glucose were based on FTO electrodes modified stabilized alpha nickel hydroxide, which presented excellent linear responses at concentrations below 100 µM. These sensors have shown a very high specific sensitivity for glucose probably associated with their nanostructured nature, and consequent enhanced surface area. Nevertheless, the electrode material was shown to have an increasing tendency to change from alpha to the beta phase as function of the glucose concentration. New materials based on mixed nickel and cobalt hydroxides, stabilized in the alpha phase was prepared and characterized by techniques such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance to determine their polymorphic phase. The nanostructured nature of the mixed nickel and cobalt hydroxide materials was confirmed by microscopy techniques such as AFM and SEM. These new materials showed a high specific charge, in fact higher than of nanostructured stabilized alpha nickel hydroxide. An amperometric FIA sulfite analyzer system for liquid samples consisting of solution reservoirs, a sampling system, a solution propulsion system, an amperometric FIA cell with integrated gas diffusion unit, an amperometric sensor based on supramolecular porphyrins, in addition to controller boards, a mini-potentiostat and control software, was developed and tested for determination of free SO2. High reproducibility was achieved for sequential analyses of a sample but the reproducibility after exchange of samples was relatively low, needing further developments in the sampling system.
155

Development of automated methods using syringe based flow analysis techniques and capillary electrophoresis for biotechnological process monitoring and environmental analysis

Horstkotte, Burkhard 17 November 2008 (has links)
Se desarrolló cinco sistemas automatizados utilizando análisis por inyección secuencial (SIA) y análisis por inyección en flujo multijeringa (MSFIA). Se desarrolló un SI-analizador para la determinación de formaldehído utilizando la reacción de Hantzsch. El analizador fue aplicado a la monitorización en un cultivo de P. pastoris. Se desarrolló un SI-analizador para la determinación de glicerol y sorbitol. Se utilizó periodato para la reacción de Malaprade. El formaldehído generado fue cuantificado con la reacción de Hantzsch. El sistema incluyó la dilución de la muestra y procedimientos seleccionado por decisión inteligente del programa o por el usuario. Se lo aplicó a la monitorización en cultivos de P. pastoris.Se desarrolló un sistema de electroforesis capilar (CE) acoplado a un SIA aplicado a la separación de nitrofenoles. Se acopló por primera vez MSFIA con CE para pre-concentración en fase sólida y separación de nitrofenoles. Ambos sistemas mostraban recuperaciones satisfactorias para aguas ambientales. / Five analytical systems using Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) and Multisyringe Flow Injection Analysis (MSFIA) were developed and applied with satisfactory analytical performance. A SI-analyzer for formaldehyde was developed automating Hantzsch reaction. It was successfully applied to formaldehyde monitoring in continuous medium filtrate of P. pastoris cultivation. A second SI-analyzer was developed for the determination of glycerol and sorbitol. Periodate was used as additional reagent to carry out Malaprade reaction and formaldehyde generated by polyalcohol oxidation was quantified. The system included automated sample dilution and procedures for two working ranges, selected by smart software decision or user-input. It was applied to monitoring of P. pastoris cultivations.A capillary electrophoresis (CE) system was developed and coupled to SIA. It was applied to the determination of nitrophenols. MSFIA and CE were coupled for the first time. Solid phase concentration and separation of nitrophenols were automated. The systems were applied to environmental water samples.
156

Desenvolvimento de métodos quantitativos e sistema de screening para a determinação de tetraciclinas em medicamentos veterinários e alimentos de origem animal usando procedimentos de análise por injeção em fluxo / Development of quantitative methods and screening system for the determination of tetracyclines in veterinary pharmaceuticals and animal-derived food using flow injection analysis procedures / Desarrollo de métodos cuantitativos y sistema de screening para la determinación de tetraciclinas en medicamentos veterinarios y alimentos de origen animal utilizando procedimientos de análisis por injección en flujo

Pérez Rodríguez, Michael [UNESP] 26 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by MICHAEL PÉREZ RODRÍGUEZ null (michaelpr@iq.unesp.br) on 2016-09-16T20:43:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MICHAEL VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 4495815 bytes, checksum: 5d4a4f8ffcd143bb08ad336b289fe7ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-22T14:44:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 perezrodriguez_m_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1340231 bytes, checksum: 9e639833f42ff1e6fc87e7f9f965f8fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-22T14:44:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 perezrodriguez_m_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1340231 bytes, checksum: 9e639833f42ff1e6fc87e7f9f965f8fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação (PROPG UNESP) / Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos ambientalmente mais amigáveis utilizando sistemas de screening e procedimentos de análise por injeção em fluxo para a detecção e quantificação de antibióticos, da classe das tetraciclinas, em amostras de medicamentos veterinários e alimentos de origem animal como leite bovino e suplementos de ovos. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram baseados na reação de acoplamento diazo obtida entre as tetraciclinas e o ácido p-sulfanílico diazotado em meio básico, resultando na formação de azo compostos com máximos de absorção em torno de 435 nm, permitindo determinar esses antibióticos por espectrofotometria. As condições analíticas foram otimizadas através de análise multivariada utilizando planejamentos experimentais fatoriais e o desempenho dos métodos propostos foi avaliado através de parâmetros como linearidade, efeito matriz, precisão, exatidão, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, recuperação e estudo de interferências. O primeiro trabalho desenvolvido fez uso de um procedimento de injeção em fluxo contínuo para a rápida determinação de tetraciclinas em formulações veterinárias comerciais, visando maior eficiência no controle de qualidade na indústria farmacêutica. Na sequência, foi desenvolvido um método de screening mediante análise por injeção em fluxo empregando uma cela capilar de longo caminho óptico (LWCC) para a detecção de resíduos de tetraciclinas em amostras de leite bovino, sem a necessidade de passos de extração dispendiosos e demorados ou complicados tratamentos de amostras. Finalmente, um novo método de microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva assistida por ultrassom (US-DLLME) foi desenvolvido para a simples, rápida e eficiente extração de resíduos de tetraciclinas a partir de amostras de suplemento de ovos e, posterior análise por injeção em fluxo baseada em uma cela capilar de longo caminho óptico (LWCC), empregando um banho de aquecimento com controle de temperatura. Os métodos descritos apresentaram importantes características como simplicidade operacional, possibilidade de automação, rapidez e baixo custo das análises. Além disso, estes métodos seguiram os princípios da química verde, de modo que permitiram realizar determinações ambientalmente mais limpas, através da redução considerável do consumo de reagentes e amostras, evitando ou minimizando o emprego de solventes tóxicos. Também, os métodos desenvolvidos para a análise de resíduos mostraram excelente desempenho para aplicação no controle de qualidade dos produtos alimentares estudados na indústria alimentícia, a fim de proteger os consumidores. / This work describes the development of environmentally friendly analytical methods using screening systems and flow injection procedures for detection and quantification of tetracycline antibiotics in veterinary pharmaceuticals and animal-derived foods such as bovine milk and egg-based protein supplements. The developed methods were based on the diazo coupling reaction between the tetracyclines and diazotized p-sulfanilic acid in basic medium, resulting in the formation of azo compounds that present maximum absorption around 435 nm, which allows determining these antibiotics by spectrophotometry. The analytical conditions were optimized by means of multivariate analysis using factorial experimental designs. Performance of the proposed methods was assessed through parameters such as linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy, detection limit, quantification limit, matrix effect and recovery. The first developed work used a continuous flow injection procedure for the rapid determination of tetracyclines in commercial veterinary formulations, aiming greater efficiency in quality control in the pharmaceutical industry. Thereafter, it was developed a screening method by flow injection analysis using a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) for detecting tetracyclines residues in bovine milk samples, without the need for expensive extraction steps that are time-consuming or complicated sample treatments. Finally, a new ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (US-DLLME) method was developed for simple, rapid, and efficient extraction of tetracyclines residues from egg supplement samples, followed by flow injection analysis based on a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC), using a controlled temperature heating bath. The described methods presented important features such as operational simplicity, possibility of automation, quickness and low cost of the analysis. Furthermore, these methods followed the principles of green chemistry, making possible to perform environmentally cleaner determinations, due to the considerable reduction of reagents and samples consumption, avoiding or minimizing the use of toxic solvents. Besides, the methods developed for residues analysis showed excellent performance for application in the food industry for quality control of the studied food products in order to protect consumers.
157

Preparação de hidróxidos mistos nanoestruturados de níquel/cobalto e desenvolvimento de sensores FIA amperométricos / Preparation of nanostructured nickel/cobalt mixed hydroxides and development of FIA amperometric sensors

Paulo Roberto Martins 21 March 2012 (has links)
Nesta tese foram desenvolvidos sensores amperométricos baseados em porfirinas supramoleculares e hidróxido de níquel nanoestruturado e estabilizado na fase alfa, bem como novos materiais baseados em hidróxidos mistos de níquel e cobalto nanoetruturados e estabilizados na fase alfa. Também, um analisador FIA amperométrico, foi desenvolvido em colaboração com o Laboratório de Instrumentação Analítica do IQ-USP, para a determinação e quantificação de SO2 livre em amostras reais, como vinhos, águas de coco e sucos de frutas. Os sensores amperométricos baseados em porfirinas supramoleculares foram empregados na determinação de SO2 livre, presente em sucos de frutas e águas de coco, utilizando um sistema FIA amperométrico. O sistema FIA amperométrico foi constituído de um injetor manual, uma cela amperométrica em fluxo integrada a uma unidade de difusão de gases e um fluxo de uma solução de ácido sulfúrico e de uma solução de eletrólito. Possíveis interferentes como ácido ascórbico, catecol, glicose e benzoato de sódio foram avaliados antes de iniciar as análises das amostras reais. Os resultados das análises foram comparados com o método oficial Monier-Williams. Os níveis de SO2 livre encontrados nas amostras estavam de acordo com o que é preconizado pela Legislação Brasileira. Os eletrodos de FTO, modificados com hidróxido de níquel estabilizado na fase alfa, foram utilizados como sensores amperométricos para a determinação de glicose, usando um sistema FIA amperométrico. Estes sensores apresentaram excelentes respostas lineares em concentrações inferiores a 100 µM. Ainda estes sensores têm apresentado uma sensibilidade específica muito elevada para a glicose, provavelmente associada com a sua natureza nanoestruturada, e consequêntemente sua área superficial aumentada. No entanto o eletrodo modificado apresentou uma tendência de mudar de fase, da fase meta-estável alfa para a fase termodinamicamente estável beta, com o aumento da concentração de glicose. Novos materiais baseados em hidróxidos mistos de níquel e cobalto estabilizados na fase alfa também foram desenvolvidos. A partir de técnicas como difratometria de raio-x e Microbalança Eletroquímica de Cristal de Quartzo (MECQ) foi possível determinar a fase polimórfica dos materiais. Técnicas como AFM e MEV demonstraram que estes materiais são formados por nanopartículas com tamanhos de 5 nm. Estes nanomateriais apresentaram uma maior quantidade de carga específica, em comparação com o hidróxido de níquel puro. E por último um analisador FIA amperométrico automatizado foi desenvolvido para a realização de análises de SO2 livre em amostras líquidas. Este analisador é composto por reservatórios de soluções, sistema de amostragem, sistema de propulsão das soluções, cela FIA amperométrica integrada a uma unidade de difusão de gases, um sensor amperométrico, além de placas controladoras, mini-potenciostato e um software para controlar o equipamento. Uma elevada reprodutibilidade foi alcançada para análises sequenciais de uma amostra, mas quando a amostra foi trocada a reprodutibilidade foi muito baixa, sendo necessário mais desenvolvimento do sistema FIA automatizado nesta área. / New nanomaterials based on mixed nickel and cobalt hydroxides stabilized in the alpha phase, as well as amperometric sensors based on supramolecular porphyrins and stabilized alpha nickel hydroxide were developed in this thesis. An amperometric FIA sulfite analyzer was also developed in colaboration with of Group of Analytical Instrumentation of IQ-USP, for determination of free SO2 present in liquid samples such as wine, coconut water and fruit juices. The amperometric FIA system is constituted by manual injector, amperometric FIA cell with integrated gas diffusion unit and amperometric sensor based on supramolecular porphyrins, whereas sulfuric acid and electrolyte were used as reactive and carrier solution. Some species such as ascorbic acid, cathecol, glucose and sodium benzoate were evaluated as possible interferents before starting the analyses of real samples. The results were compared with those obtained with the official Monier-Williams method. The concentrations of free SO2 found in fruit juices and coconut water were in accordance with Brazilian law. The amperometric FIA sensors for determination of glucose were based on FTO electrodes modified stabilized alpha nickel hydroxide, which presented excellent linear responses at concentrations below 100 µM. These sensors have shown a very high specific sensitivity for glucose probably associated with their nanostructured nature, and consequent enhanced surface area. Nevertheless, the electrode material was shown to have an increasing tendency to change from alpha to the beta phase as function of the glucose concentration. New materials based on mixed nickel and cobalt hydroxides, stabilized in the alpha phase was prepared and characterized by techniques such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance to determine their polymorphic phase. The nanostructured nature of the mixed nickel and cobalt hydroxide materials was confirmed by microscopy techniques such as AFM and SEM. These new materials showed a high specific charge, in fact higher than of nanostructured stabilized alpha nickel hydroxide. An amperometric FIA sulfite analyzer system for liquid samples consisting of solution reservoirs, a sampling system, a solution propulsion system, an amperometric FIA cell with integrated gas diffusion unit, an amperometric sensor based on supramolecular porphyrins, in addition to controller boards, a mini-potentiostat and control software, was developed and tested for determination of free SO2. High reproducibility was achieved for sequential analyses of a sample but the reproducibility after exchange of samples was relatively low, needing further developments in the sampling system.
158

Využití potenciálových programů při průtokovém elektrochemickém stanovení biologicky aktivních organických látek / Utilization of potential programs in flow electrochemical determination of biologically active organic compounds

Bavol, Dmytro January 2018 (has links)
9 Abstract In this Ph.D. thesis possibilities of using our proposed potential programs for a multiple-pulse amperometry and a fast scan differential pulse voltammetry in combination with flow systems are presented. The development of new sensitive amperometric and voltammetric methods for the determination of oxidisable biologically active organic compounds is another aim of this work. In the first part of the work, the flow injection system and multiple-pulse amperometric detection were employed to develop and optimize a simple, low-cost, and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of natural and synthetic antioxidants. This technique involves the application of an appropriate potential waveform consisting of a suitable sequence of pulses on a single working electrode, thus allowing distinguish the analytes in a mixture with no need of separation. Conditions for the determination of antioxidants and modelling of the potential program were tested and studied, respectively. Second part of the work describes and characterizes the application of the fast scan differential pulse voltammetry (FSDPV) in combination with the flow systems. FSDPV is the electroanalytical technique that use high scan rate to record voltammograms within several milliseconds and ensures high temporal resolution. This technique...
159

Voltametrické a amperometrické stanovení homovanilové, vanilmandlové a 5-hydroxy-3-indoloctové kyseliny / Voltammetric and amperometric determination of homovanillic, vanillylmandelic, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid

Němečková, Anna January 2020 (has links)
Presented dissertation thesis is focused on the development of electrochemical methods for the determination of three important tumour biomarkers, namely homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA). First part of the study is focused on electrochemical behaviour of these analytes in batch arrangement using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). It has been proved that presented method is sufficiently sensitive for monitoring above mentioned analytes. Moreover, it can be used for determination of HVA and VMA in mixture. Obtained limits of detection (LODs) were 0.24 µmol·L-1 for HVA, 0.06 µmol·L-1 for VMA, and 0.12 µmol·L-1 for 5-HIAA. The requirements to speed up the analysis and at the same time to reduce its price initialized our study of the determination of tested biomarkers in flow systems. Firstly, flow injection analysis with amperometric detection was investigated for the determination of all three biomarkers at the same SPCE, and then an analogous determination of structural more similar pair, HVA and VMA, was performed at a boron doped diamond electrode (BDDE). Obtained LODs of optimized methods were as follows: at SPCE 0.07 µmol·L-1 for HVA, 0.05 µmol·L-1 for VMA, and 0.03 µmol·L-1 for 5-HIAA,...
160

Využití potenciálových programů při průtokovém elektrochemickém stanovení biologicky aktivních organických látek / Utilization of potential programs in flow electrochemical determination of biologically active organic compounds

Bavol, Dmytro January 2018 (has links)
9 Abstract In this Ph.D. thesis possibilities of using our proposed potential programs for a multiple-pulse amperometry and a fast scan differential pulse voltammetry in combination with flow systems are presented. The development of new sensitive amperometric and voltammetric methods for the determination of oxidisable biologically active organic compounds is another aim of this work. In the first part of the work, the flow injection system and multiple-pulse amperometric detection were employed to develop and optimize a simple, low-cost, and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of natural and synthetic antioxidants. This technique involves the application of an appropriate potential waveform consisting of a suitable sequence of pulses on a single working electrode, thus allowing distinguish the analytes in a mixture with no need of separation. Conditions for the determination of antioxidants and modelling of the potential program were tested and studied, respectively. Second part of the work describes and characterizes the application of the fast scan differential pulse voltammetry (FSDPV) in combination with the flow systems. FSDPV is the electroanalytical technique that use high scan rate to record voltammograms within several milliseconds and ensures high temporal resolution. This technique...

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