No description available.

No description available.

Wood chemical treatment is an important process in the wood industry, in that such treatment alters the properties of wood so that a variety of wood-based products can be fabricated with enhanced performance. However, wood's complex composition and structure make it difficult to achieve consistent and controllable treatment. An innovative self-flowing process presented for the chemical treatment of wood is inspired by liquid transportation in trees. Effectiveness of the self-flowing process is evaluated and compared to conventional immersion and vacuum wood treatment methods. The self-flowing process allows a more uniform wood treatment compared to that from the immersion and vacuum pressure methods. Lignin content after self-flowing delignification is below 5% with a standard deviation of 0.7, compared to ~20% with a standard deviation of 8 for both immersion and vacuum pressure methods. The self-flowing process allows 100% chemical impregnation depth for the preservation treatment. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the self-flowing process. This model can accurately predict the treatment time required for achieving desired results under various conditions, including temperature, wood density, and liquid properties. This work demonstrates that the self-flowing treatment is a highly efficient, cost-effective, and reliable method in wood preservation and modification industries.

No description available.

As cidades situadas na fronteira ocidental da Amazônia constituem rica área a ser estudada. Nas últimas três décadas a estrutura urbana e populacional da Amazônia sofreu modificações significativas. A população urbana passou de 59% para 79% (IBGE, 2010). Nesse movimento destaca-se a centralidade que vem se desenvolvendo em torno das cidades gêmeas fronteiriças: Tabatinga (Brasil) e Leticia (Colômbia) situadas na tríplice fronteira Brasil, Colômbia e Peru. O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender a dinâmica territorial criada em torno do subespaço das cidades gêmeas Tabatinga-Leticia, partindo da análise da densidade de fixos, fluxos e normas, e do significado das horizontalidades presentes no subespaço. A pesquisa fundamenta-se com informações obtidas em fontes estatísticas brasileiras e colombianas e em trabalhos de campo, que incluem coleta de dados primários e secundários; entrevistas em órgão oficiais, instituições públicas e entidades privadas localizadas no subespaço. O inventário dos fixos, levantamento da densidade normativa e análise dos fluxos associado ao estudo da fomação sócioespacial das sociedades nacionais envolvidas nos permitiu compreender como a fluidez territorial e porosidade territorial têm contribuído para a consolidação de uma horizontalidade interurbana que tem se traduzido em uma melhoria das condições de vida da população e vem conformando uma centralidade regional. / The towns located in the occidental boundary of Amazon constitute a rich area to be studied. In the last three decades the population and urban structure in Amazon has suffered significant modifications. The urban population turned from 59% to 79% (IBGE, 2010). By this process is possible to highlight the concentration that is being developed in the surrounds of the twin cities of the frontier: Tabatinga (Brazil) and Leticia (Colombia) located at the triple frontier Brazil-Colombia-Peru. The goal of this research is to understand the territorial dynamic process created around the sub-space of the twin cities Tabatinga-Leticia, starting with the analysis of the density of infrastructures, flows and norms, and with information obtained from Brazilian and Colombian statistic sources and by fieldworks, which includes primary and secondary data collection; interviews in official organs, public institutions and private foundations located in the sub-space. The inventory of the infrastructures, collection of the normative density and the flows analysis associated to the studies of the social-spatial formation of the national societies involved has allowed the comprehension of how the territorial flowing and territorial porosity has contributed to the consolidation of an intercity horizontality, which has been brought to an improvement of life conditions and has been turned into a regional center.

<p>Sverige är ett mångkulturellt land och det finns intentioner till integration i samhället och dess olika instanser. Skolan är en instans där barn, ungdomar och vuxna med olika bakgrund möts. Studenter med svensk bakgrund och studenter med utländsk bakgrund agerar inom skolan och det sker en kategorisering av studenterna i kategorierna svenskar och invandrare. Syftet med studien är att lyfta fram och tolka gymnasiestudenters tankar kring begreppen svenskar, invandrare och integration. Ett delsyfte är att genomföra en prövning av flödesskrivning som metod. Studien riktar sig till studenter i tredje året på gymnasiet i en kommun i Sverige. Resultatet av studien har visat att flödesskrivning lämpar sig väl som metod och därigenom har tankar lyfts fram kring begreppen. Tankar kring begreppet svenskar rör främst det ljusa som; vit, blond, och vänlighet. Tankar kring begreppet invandrare rör främst det mörka som; svart, bråk och kriminalitet. Tankar kring begreppet integration rör främst bråk och missförstånd och upplevs i stor utsträckning svårt. Ett krav för integration är positiva möten i tidig ålder mellan personer med svensk bakgrund och personer med utländsk bakgrund.</p>

Sverige är ett mångkulturellt land och det finns intentioner till integration i samhället och dess olika instanser. Skolan är en instans där barn, ungdomar och vuxna med olika bakgrund möts. Studenter med svensk bakgrund och studenter med utländsk bakgrund agerar inom skolan och det sker en kategorisering av studenterna i kategorierna svenskar och invandrare. Syftet med studien är att lyfta fram och tolka gymnasiestudenters tankar kring begreppen svenskar, invandrare och integration. Ett delsyfte är att genomföra en prövning av flödesskrivning som metod. Studien riktar sig till studenter i tredje året på gymnasiet i en kommun i Sverige. Resultatet av studien har visat att flödesskrivning lämpar sig väl som metod och därigenom har tankar lyfts fram kring begreppen. Tankar kring begreppet svenskar rör främst det ljusa som; vit, blond, och vänlighet. Tankar kring begreppet invandrare rör främst det mörka som; svart, bråk och kriminalitet. Tankar kring begreppet integration rör främst bråk och missförstånd och upplevs i stor utsträckning svårt. Ett krav för integration är positiva möten i tidig ålder mellan personer med svensk bakgrund och personer med utländsk bakgrund.

As cidades situadas na fronteira ocidental da Amazônia constituem rica área a ser estudada. Nas últimas três décadas a estrutura urbana e populacional da Amazônia sofreu modificações significativas. A população urbana passou de 59% para 79% (IBGE, 2010). Nesse movimento destaca-se a centralidade que vem se desenvolvendo em torno das cidades gêmeas fronteiriças: Tabatinga (Brasil) e Leticia (Colômbia) situadas na tríplice fronteira Brasil, Colômbia e Peru. O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender a dinâmica territorial criada em torno do subespaço das cidades gêmeas Tabatinga-Leticia, partindo da análise da densidade de fixos, fluxos e normas, e do significado das horizontalidades presentes no subespaço. A pesquisa fundamenta-se com informações obtidas em fontes estatísticas brasileiras e colombianas e em trabalhos de campo, que incluem coleta de dados primários e secundários; entrevistas em órgão oficiais, instituições públicas e entidades privadas localizadas no subespaço. O inventário dos fixos, levantamento da densidade normativa e análise dos fluxos associado ao estudo da fomação sócioespacial das sociedades nacionais envolvidas nos permitiu compreender como a fluidez territorial e porosidade territorial têm contribuído para a consolidação de uma horizontalidade interurbana que tem se traduzido em uma melhoria das condições de vida da população e vem conformando uma centralidade regional. / The towns located in the occidental boundary of Amazon constitute a rich area to be studied. In the last three decades the population and urban structure in Amazon has suffered significant modifications. The urban population turned from 59% to 79% (IBGE, 2010). By this process is possible to highlight the concentration that is being developed in the surrounds of the twin cities of the frontier: Tabatinga (Brazil) and Leticia (Colombia) located at the triple frontier Brazil-Colombia-Peru. The goal of this research is to understand the territorial dynamic process created around the sub-space of the twin cities Tabatinga-Leticia, starting with the analysis of the density of infrastructures, flows and norms, and with information obtained from Brazilian and Colombian statistic sources and by fieldworks, which includes primary and secondary data collection; interviews in official organs, public institutions and private foundations located in the sub-space. The inventory of the infrastructures, collection of the normative density and the flows analysis associated to the studies of the social-spatial formation of the national societies involved has allowed the comprehension of how the territorial flowing and territorial porosity has contributed to the consolidation of an intercity horizontality, which has been brought to an improvement of life conditions and has been turned into a regional center.

Au cœur de cette thèse, la musicalité du pictural est défendue comme caractère absolu d'une quête artistique. Entendre la forme picturale implique d'en éprouver le déploiement comme espace et comme temps. Cela évoque la manière dont la musique et le son nous environnent et nous envahissent, en considérant la forme comme une entité en perpétuelle autogenèse. Une telle conviction s'ancre dans la pensée philosophique d'Henri Maldiney et dans celle d'Erwin Straus. Le sentir admet la réceptivité aux formes artistiques dans leur surgissement et dans leur devenir. A partir du sens du pittoresque promu par l'art baroque, la dimension formelle propre à la démarche se déploie comme un rythme sans se figer en une structure close. La peinture résonne dans son lieu comme un instant d'espace partagé : les notions de surface et d'échelle impliquent une entente temporelle du pictural. Tel est l'enseignement tiré de la collaboration avec le musicien et compositeur Joe Fee et du face à face avec la peinture abstraite américaine. La notion de justesse se charge ici d'une valeur plastique : l'intonation des formes dépend de leur mise en espace autant que de leur naissance dans la matière. La musique est le paradigme d'une errance des formes dont l'espace et le temps s'imprègnent. L'écoulement de la peinture répond à cette aspiration : il désigne les propriétés fluides du médium employé tout en évoquant une dimension temporelle propre au modèle musical et à l'expérience du vivant. Entre impermanence et renouveau, la forme a lieu par la justesse de son contexte. Dans l'instant provisoire de sa naissance, elle fait du pictural un lieu d'éclosion et du musical une aspiration première. / This thesis defends the musical quality of pictorial art as the absolute value of an artistic quest. Entendre the painting means experiencing its unfolding as space and time. The whole body becomes a receptacle for the rhythm of forms beyond the simple visual appreciation of an artwork. The pictorial form is felt as an entity in perpetual autogenesis, just as music and sound surround and invade us. Such conviction is anchored in the philosophical thought of Henri Maldiney and Erwin Straus : sensing (to sense) admits the receptivity to artistic forms in their emergence and in their becoming. The painterly quality of an artwork promoted by Baroque art inspired the formal dimension of this research. Shape springs as rhythm rather than structure.Painting resonates in a moment of shared space : the notions of surface and scale specify the temporal understanding of the pictorial, as well as the collaboration with musician and composer Joe Fee and the encounters with American abstract painting. The idea of intonation relies on the moment in which the form find its way through the material. The intonation of painting also depends on its spatialization. Music is the paradigm of a wandering that impregnates space and time. The flowing of painting corresponds to this aspiration : it designates the fluid properties of the material while evoking a temporal dimension peculiar to the musical model and to the experience of life. Between impermanence and renewal, a form takes shape by the intonation of its context, in the provisional moment of its birth. In the persona! practice of art, painting is the material place of a quest while music persists as its first aspiration.

Nous proposons dans cette étude une réinterprétation de Vauvenargues (1715-1747) à travers le concept de dissimulation intermittente. Ce concept nous a permis de relier la pensée de la dissimulation chez Vauvenargues à l’art d’écrire que l’auteur utilise dans son œuvre et sa correspondance. Dans la première partie, consacrée à la correspondance avec Mirabeau, nous étudions la manière dont Vauvenargues se sert des préjugés ou, dans les termes de la dissimulation intermittente, des vérités de détail de son correspondant afin de faire illusion sur la vérité principale d’une conduite prudente, adaptée aux circonstances. Dans notre deuxième partie, nous analysons la dissimulation intermittente en tant que stratégie de lutte contre certaines formes de tyrannie intérieure (haines, préjugés) ou extérieure (lois injustes). Notre troisième partie est consacrée aux traits esthétiques de la dissimulation intermittente. Les nuances, le sinueux, l’équivoque, les digressions fulgurantes rapprochant, dans la saillie, des positions apparemment contraires sont les traits d'un art d’écrire à la fois bref et digressif. Notre thèse se conclut sur le besoin de rattacher (sur les traces de Laurent Bove) la saillie à la philosophie de la métamorphose de Giordano Bruno. Car ce qui ressort avec force de notre relecture de Vauvenargues, c'est la nécessité de l’incessante reconsidération des opinions, des préjugés, de la tradition et des lois. C’est là l’effet de pensée que l'auteur voudrait induire dans le lecteur par son art de la dissimulation intermittente. / This doctoral thesis proposes a new approach of Vauvenargues's works based on the concept of intermittent dissembling. This concept allowed us to link Vauvenargues's ideas of dissembling to his style of writing. The first part of our doctoral thesis, devoted to Vauvenargues's correspondence with Mirabeau, examines the former's way of using the latter one's prejudices or, according to the terms of intermittent dissembling, partial truths in order to disguise the main truth about a cautious behaviour appropriate to the circumstances. In the second part of our work we take a close look at the intermittent dissembling as a strategy to fight against some forms of interior (hatred, prejudices) and exterior (injustice) tyranny. Our third part is devoted to Vauvenargues's esthetics of intermittent dissembling. We demonstrate that author's sinous style of writing is both brief and based on digressions. It is also characterized by witticism (la saillie) which joins in fast-flowing digressions apparently conflicting perspectives. Following a path indicated by Laurent Bove, we establish in our conclusion a parallel between Vauvenargues's saillies and Giordano Bruno's philosophy of metamorphosis. The basis of our argument relies on the necessity of perpetual reconsideration (or metamorphosis) of one's opinions, prejudices, tradition and laws. Vauvenargues's art of intermittent dissembling is aimed to smoothly change the usual train of thought consisting of prejudices and maybe to bring the reader closer to the main truth about the necessity to continually reconsider one's ideas.