Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T20:05:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O estudo teve como objetivo medir a reprodutibilidade e a validade relativa de um questionário de freqüência alimentar (QFA), em adultos da região sul do Brasil. Uma amostra de conveniência de 83 indivíduos, de 20 a 69 anos, foi utilizada no estudo. A reprodutibilidade foi testada através dos coeficientes de correlação de Spearman e Intra-Classe (ICC). Para testar a validade, comparou-se cada um dos QFAs (QFA1 e QFA2) à média dos três IR24h utilizando-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e a distribuição dos participantes em quartos de ingestão dos nutrientes. Todos os nutrientes foram log transformados e corrigidos pela ingestão energética. A atenuação nas correlações entre os dois métodos foi corrigida pela variabilidade intra-pessoal. As médias de ingestão foram maiores para a maioria dos nutrientes do QFA1 e QFA2, quando comparadas à média dos três IR24h. A média do ICC, com os nutrientes log transformados, foi 0,63, enquanto que a média do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi 0,62. A média dos / To assess the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire in adults living in south of Brazil. The food frequency questionnaire was administered twice in 83 participants, ages 20 to 69. The reproducibility was tested with Spearman correlations and intra-class correlation coeficients. To validity, average nutrient intake from the three 24h dietary recalls were compared to average intakes from each FFQs (FFQ1 and FFQ2) by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients and adjusting for energy intake and within person variation. The nutrients were categorized into quartiles. The average intake was higher for deal of nutrients in the FFQ1 and FFQ2, when it was compared with average intake from the three IR24h. The average correlation coefficients intra-class was 0,63, while the average, considering, Spearman correlation was 0,62. To the validity, our founds was 0,41, the average of Pearson correlation to a FFQ1 and 0,46 to FFQ2. The average classification percentage in the same quartile for the

Introdução: A avaliação da dieta habitual do adolescente é complexa devido às variações intra e interindividuais. Os estudos de validação e reprodutibilidade de questionários de freqüência alimentar são necessários para garantir a utilização de instrumentos capazes de mensurar a dieta habitual real. Objetivo: Desenvolver, verificar a validade e reprodutibilidade de um questionário de freqüência alimentar baseado nos grupos alimentares da pirâmide alimentar para adolescentes (QFA-PA). Materiais e métodos: Após a identificação dos alimentos a serem incluídos no QFA-PA, o método foi testado em estudo piloto. A versão final consistiu em 50 itens alimentares. O estudo foi realizado com 109 adolescentes de ambos os gêneros durante um período de quatro meses. Para verificar a validade e reprodutibilidade do QFA-PA foram aplicados quatro Recordatórios de 24h (Rec24h) e dois QFA-PA. A validade foi obtida pela comparação entre o segundo QFA-PA e à média dos Rec24h. A reprodutibilidade foi mensurada por meio da comparação dos dois QFA-PA. Resultados: O questionário desenvolvido representou 97,7% das calorias consumidas e pelo menos 90% da ingestão dos nutrientes selecionados. Foram incluídos os alimentos freqüentemente relatados ausentes no QFA e freqüentemente relatados sem maior contribuição energética. As variáveis melhor avaliadas foram os grupos do arroz, pão, massa, batata e mandioca; das carnes e de açúcares e doces. Os piores resultados foram observados para a vitamina C. Cabe ressaltar que este é o primeiro QFA desenvolvido, validado e acurado no Brasil para adolescentes que avalia o consumo alimentar baseado na pirâmide dos alimentos dos adolescentes. Conclusão: Considerando-se as análises realizadas, o QFA-PA apresentou validade satisfatória e reprodutibilidade aceitável para a maioria das variáveis. / Introduction: The assessment of habitual diet of adolescent is complex due to within and between-person variations. The studies of validity and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) are needed to ensure the use of reliable and accurate instruments capable of measure usual diet. Objective: To develop, verify the validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire based on the food groups of food pyramid for adolescents (FFQ-PA). Methods: After identify the items to be included in the FFQ-PA, the method was tested in a pilot study. The final version consisted of 50 food items. The study was conducted with 109 adolescents of both genders over a period of four months. To check the validity and reproducibility of the FFQ-PA were applied four 24-hour records (Rec24h) and two FFQ-PA. The validity was obtained by comparing the second FFQ-PA and average Rec24h. The reproducibility was measured by comparing the two FFQ-PA. Results: The questionnaire represented 97,7% of the calories consumed by the population and at least 90% of the intake of selected nutrients. We included food often reported missing in the FFQ and the frequently reported without further energy contribuition. In the study of validity and reproducibility, the variables were evaluated further groups of rice, bread, pasta, potatoes and cassava, meat and sugar and sweets. The worst results were observed for vitamin C. It is noteworthy that this is the first FFQ developed, validated and accurate in Brazil for adolescents that assesses food consumption based on the adolescent food pyramid. Conclusion: Considering the analysis, the FFQ-PA showed satisfactory validity and reproducibility acceptable for most variables.

Introdução. Muitos estudos epidemiológicos sugerem a potencial relação do consumo habitual de nutrientes ou alimentos com as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Os efeitos da dieta na saúde humana não ocorrem em curto prazo e sim pela exposição repetida em períodos de tempo maior. O interesse em se estudar o consumo alimentar na fase da adolescência justifica-se pela associação de hábitos alimentares inadequados neste grupo etário serem um fator de risco para enfermidades, particularmente as de origem metabólica. A avaliação e a quantificação da dieta habitual dos indivíduos e escolha do instrumento para a mensuração do consumo são exercícios difíceis, pois ambos influenciam a plausibilidade dos resultados obtidos. Cada vez mais os sistemas computadorizados e o meio digital estão sendo incrementados no campo das pesquisas relacionadas à saúde da população, pois permitem recolher dados de forma contínua, independentemente da hora do dia e do dia da semana, e sem limitações geográficas. Objetivo. Aplicar o Questionário de Frequência Alimentar Simplificado para Adolescentes (QFASA) em ambiente digital para avaliação da dieta habitual de escolares do município de Salesópolis SP. Métodos. Uma amostra de 157 escolares respondeu a dois Questionários de Frequência Alimentar Simplificado para Adolescentes versão virtual (QFASA) e três Recordatórios de 24 horas (R24h). O QFASA possui 58 itens alimentares, semi-quantitativo e com frequência de consumo. Foi realizada a descrição do consumo habitual dos escolares pelo QFASA e pelo R24h. Os resultados de consumo alimentar de macronutrientes e alguns micronutrientes foram comparados entre: QFASA aplicado no primeiro momento (QFASA1) x QFASA aplicado segundo momento (QFASA2) e QFASA2 x média entre 3 R24h. Resultados. De 157 adolescentes, com idade média de 13 anos, 64 por cento eram do sexo feminino. Os meninos apresentaram consumo superior de energia e nutrientes comparado com as meninas na média dos 3 Recordatórios de 24 horas e no 7 QFASA2. Ao comparar os dois QFASA observou-se diferença entre as médias de consumo dos macro e micronutrientes, com exceção da vitamina C e o QFASA1 apresentou valores superiores para todos os nutrientes estudados. Quando confrontados os valores de consumo do QFASA2 com o R24h, observa-se também diferenças entre suas médias, com exceção do colesterol e vitamina C para o sexo masculino, além disso o QFASA2 superestima todos os nutrientes estudados. Conclusão. Os meninos apresentam uma média maior de consumo alimentar quando comprados as meninas para a maioria dos nutrientes estudados, tanto no R24h quanto no QFASA. O QFASA na sua versão virtual não pode ser considerado um bom instrumento para avaliar o consumo habitual dos adolescentes, pois apresenta médias significativamente diferentes, quando comparado ao R24h (método de referência). Além disso, mostrou-se de difícil compreensão pelos adolescentes, necessitando de uma revisão dos seus itens, porções definidas e frequência de consumo e posterior estudo de usabilidade e Teste de Resposta ao Item. / Introduction. Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated the potential relationship between habitual intake of nutrients or foods with chronic non communicable diseases (NCDs). Due to the effects of diet on human health do not occur in the short term but by repeated periods of a long time. The interest in studying adolescents food intake is justified by the association of poor dietary habits in this group being a risk factor for diseases, particularly those of metabolic origin. The assessment,quantification and choice of an instrument for measuring intake of adolescents usual diet are difficult exercises because both influence the plausibility of the results. Increasingly, computer systems and digital media are being incremented in the field of research related to the health of the population, they allow to collect data continuously, regardless of time of day and day of the week, and without geographical limitations. Objective. Applying the Simplified Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SFQA) in digital environment to evaluation of usual diet of school children in Salesópolis - SP. Methods. A sample of 157 students answered two Simplified Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents - virtual version (SFQA) and three 24-hour recalls (24h). The SFQA had 58 semi-quantitative food items with the frequency of consumption. The description of the usual diet of students by QFASA and the 24h was performed. The results of dietary intake of macronutrients and some micronutrients were compared in two moments: 1. SFQA - applied at first time (SFQA1) x SFQA - applied second time; 2. The average of (SFQA2) between 3 R24h x SFQA2. Results. Between 157 adolescents, mean age of 13 years (64 per cent female). The boys had higher intake of energy and nutrients when compared to girls in the average of three 24-hour recalls and SFQA2. When comparing the two SFQA was observed difference between the mean intake of macronutrients and micronutrientes, with the exception of vitamin C and SFQA1 revealed higher values in all the studied nutrients. When confronted 9 intake values of SFQA2 with 24h, was observed differences between their averages, with the exception of cholesterol and vitamin C for males, moreover the SFQA2 over-estimated all studied nutrients. Conclusion. Boys have higher food intake than girls in most nutrients studied, in the R24h and SFQA. The SFQA in its virtual version can not be considered a good instrument to assess the habitual intake of adolescents, has been shown significantly differences between means when compared to R24h (reference method). Moreover, proved elusive for adolescents, requiring a revision of their items, defined portions and frequency of intake and subsequent usability study and test item response.

Este estudo comparou a ingestão de flúor (F) de crianças de 2 a 6 anos residentes em área fluoretada (Bauru-SP, 0,6-0,8 ppm F) e não fluoretada (Pirajuí-SP), avaliada através do método da dieta duplicada associado à escovação simulada e do Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar semi-quantitativo (QFAsq) associado a questionário para estimativa de ingestão de F a partir do dentifrício. Inicialmente, o QFAsq foi aplicado em 398 crianças residentes no município de Pirajuí-SP. Posteriormente, foram avaliadas subamostras de 25 crianças residentes em Bauru e 24 residentes em Pirajuí. Nestas subamostras, a quantidade de F ingerida através da dieta foi determinada pelo QFAsq e também pela dieta duplicada, considerando seus diferentes constituintes (água, outros líquidos e sólidos). A ingestão de F através do dentifrício foi determinada pelo questionário para estimativa da ingestão de dentifrício e pela escovação simulada. O F foi analisado por eletrodo, depois de difusão facilitada por hexametildiloxano ou após tamponameno com TISAB. A analise estatística foi feita utilizando o software GraphPad InStat, aplicando os testes t pareado, t não pareado, Wilcoxon pareado, Mann-Whitney e estatística de correlação (p<0.05). O QFAsq aplicado à amostra de 398 crianças de Pirajuí encontrou valores de ingestão total de F significativamente menores que os relatados previamente para crianças residentes em Bauru (Miziara, 2006). Na subamostra de crianças avaliadas, a média (±DP, mg) da ingestão de F estimada a partir do QFAsq e da dieta duplicada, considerando-se a dieta total foi de 0,420±0,087 e 0,805±0,190 (Bauru) e 0,227±0,072 e 0,144±0,050 (Pirajuí), sendo a diferença entre os métodos significativa em ambos os municípios. Somente foi obtida uma correlação significativa entre os dois métodos no caso dos sólidos, para ambos os municípios. Considerando a estimativa da ingestão de F a partir do dentifrício obtida pela aplicação do questionário e pela escovação simulada, as médias (±DP, mg) compiladas (Bauru mais Pirajuí) foram 0,611±0,452 e 0,784±0,737, respectivamente, não havendo diferença e nem correlação significativas entre os métodos. Através da utilização dos questionários, foi possível detectar diferença significativa na ingestão total de F entre Bauru e Pirajuí. Entretanto, o mesmo não ocorreu quando se utilizou o método da dieta duplicada associado à escovação simulada. Face aos resultados obtidos, o QFAsq associado a um questionário para estimativa da ingestão de F a partir do dentifrício parece ter um bom potencial para utilização a nível epidemiológico, para se avaliar o risco de grupos de crianças à fluorose dentária. Alguns parâmetros do QFAsq podem ser melhor trabalhados para uma análise mais fidedigna, principalmente com relação à freqüência de ingestão de água e outros líquidos. Em adição, a aplicabilidade desses questionários a nível individual para detecção de risco à fluorose dentária ainda precisa ser melhor estudada. / This study compared the fluoride (F) intake of 2-6-year-old children, living in fluoridated (Bauru-SP, 0,6-0,8 ppm F) and non-fluoridated (Pirajuí-SP) areas. The methods used were the duplicate diet associated to simulated toothbrushing and the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (sqFFQ) associated to a questionnaire for estimation of F intake from dentifrice. Initially, the sqFFQ was applied to 398 children living in Pirajuí. In another phase, subsamples of 25 children living in Bauru and 24 living in Pirajuí were evaluated. In these subsamples the F intake from diet was determined using the sqFFQ as well as the duplicate diet method, considering the different constituents of the diet (water, other liquids and solids). The F intake from the dentifrice was determined using the questionnaire for estimation of F intake, as well as simulated toothbrushing. F was analyzed with the electrode, following hexamethyldisiloxanefacilitated diffusion or after buffering with TISAB. For statistical analysis, the GraphPad InStat software was used. The applies tests were paired and unpaired t tests, paired Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney test and correlation analysis (p<0.05). The sqFFQ, when applied to the sample constituted by 398 children living in Pirajuí, found values of total F intake significantly lower when compared to previous data reported by Miziara (2006) for children living in Bauru. In the subsample of evaluated children, the mean (±SD, mg) F intakes estimated by the sqFFQ and duplicate diet (total diet) were 0.420±0.087 and 0.805±0.190 (Bauru) and 0.227±0.072 and 0.144±0.050 (Pirajuí), respectively. The difference between the methods was significant for both municipalities. For both municipalities, a significant correlation between the methods was obtained in the case of solids only. Considering the estimation of F intake from dentifrice obtained by the application of the questionnaire and simulated toothbrushing, the compiled (Bauru plus Pirajuí) means (±SD, mg) were 0.611±0.452 and 0.784±0.737, respectively. The difference as well as the correlation between the methods were not significant. By using the questionnaires, it was possible to detect a significant difference in the total F intake between Bauru and Pirajuí. However, the same did not occur when using the method of duplicate diet associated with simulated toothbrushing. Due to the results obtained, it seems that the sqFFQ associated to a questionnaire for estimation of F intake from dentifrice has a good potential for use at epidemiological level in order to evaluate the risk of groups of children to dental fluorosis. Some parameters of the sqFFQ need to be better addressed for a more precise analysis, mainly with respect to the frequency of water and other liquids intake. In addition, the applicability of these questionnaires at the individual level for the detection of risk to dental fluorosis requires further studies.

Introdução: Entre as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST), infecções por papilomavírus humano (HPV) são muito comuns. Apesar de frequentemente transitória, quando há persistência da infecção podem surgir lesões que, se não tratadas, podem progredir para o câncer. A disseminação do HPV tende a ser universal entre indivíduos sexualmente ativos, sendo que o homem, além do risco de câncer anal, peniano e da orofaringe, pode ser importante propagador do vírus entre mulheres. No entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito da prevalência, incidência e remissão de infecções por HPV em homens. Os alimentos e nutrientes poderiam influenciar a progressão do câncer afetando a susceptibilidade à infecção, alterando o estado nutricional, atuando na probabilidade da infecção se tornar persistente e na progressão a lesões neoplásicas, além de alterar a estabilidade e reparo do DNA. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre nutrientes selecionados e a infecção persistente por HPV em homens. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados secundários de 1248 indivíduos de 18 a 70 anos e que responderam a um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA), obtidos da coorte brasileira de estudo sobre HPV em homens. O QFA foi desenvolvido e validado para a população do estudo, e posteriormente seus dados foram calibrados e ajustados pela energia. Por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney foram avaliadas diferenças nas medianas de ingestão dos nutrientes entre grupos com e sem infecção persistente por HPV oncogênico e não-oncogênico, e realizado teste de tendência. A associação entre os nutrientes e o HPV persistente foi testada por regressão logística. Resultados: Dos 1248 participantes analisados, 1211 (97,0 por cento ) apresentaram infecção por HPV e 781 (62,6 por cento ) apresentaram infecção persistente por HPV, sendo que 458 (36,7 por cento ) tinham infecção persistente por HPV oncogênico e 636 (51,0 por cento ) por HPV não-oncogênico. Para o HPV oncogênico, o grupo sem infecção persistente apresentou maior mediana de ingestão de retinol (p=0,008), vitamina A (p<0,001) e folato (DFE) (p=0,003), além de menor mediana de ingestão de energia (p=0,005) e licopeno (p=0,008). Não houve associação significativa entre os nutrientes selecionados e o HPV persistente oncogênico. Já para o HPV persistente não-oncogênico, a vitamina B12 apresentou associação inversa estatisticamente significativa (p de tendência=0,003). Conclusão: Não houve associação entre ingestão de nutrientes e infecção persistente por HPV oncogênico; e apenas a vitamina B12 mostrou-se inversamente associada com a persistência da infecção por HPV não-oncogênico. / Background: HPV infections are the most common among sexually transmitted diseases. Although most frequently transitory, persistent oncogenic-type HPV infection may progress to a precursor lesion and, if not correctly treated, to cancer. The dissemination of HPV tends to be universal in sexually active individuals. Men, besides being in risk to cancer, in special penile and anal cancer, can be the spreader of this virus to women, contributing to the infection, and hence the cervical cancer. However, little is known about this infection in men. Some studies discuss the possible relation between diet and the risk of HPV and the role of food in persistent infections. Food and nutrients could influence carcinogenesis process by affecting nutritional status, susceptibility to infection and by acting in the probability of infection turning persistent and progressing to neoplastic lesions, besides altering DNA repair and stability. Objective: Investigate the relation of selected nutrients and HPV persistent infection in men of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: The study population consisted of 1,248 men from the Brazilian cohort of HIM study, aged from 18 to 70 years old, whose answered a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in the baseline. The FFQ was developed and validated for the study population and afterwards calibrated and energy-adjusted. The U Mann-Whitney test was used to assess differences in the medians of nutrient intake between men with persistent and non-persistent infection. The association of dietary intake and persistent HPV infection was assessed in multivariate logistic models. Two independent multivariate logistic regression models were developed, one for oncogenic HPV persistent infection and other for nononcogenic HPV persistent infection. By treating categorical nutrient variables as continuous, it was possible to perform tests for trends. Results: Of 1248 participants analyzed, 1211 (97,0 per cent ) presented HPV infection and 781 (62,6 per cent ) presented persistent HPV infection, whereas 458 (36,7 per cent ) showed persistent infection by oncogenic type and 636 (51,0 per cent ) by nononcogenic type. For oncogenic type, the group with non-persistent infection had higher medians of retinol (p=0,008), vitamin A (p<0,001) and folate (DFE) (p=0,003), besides lower medians of energy (p=0,005) and lycopene (p=0,008). There was no significant association between selected nutrients and persistent oncogenic HPV infection. For nononcogenic persistent infections, only vitamin B12 was significantly associated (p=0,003, test for trend). Conclusion: No association was found between dietary intake and persistent oncogenic-type HPV infection. For nononcogenic persistent infections, only vitamin B12 was inversely associated.

Objectives: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is on the rise worldwide. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy and excessiveness in persons with DM2 with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Study Design: A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of inadequacy of nutrients with an estimated average requirement; the mean intake of nutrients with an adequate intake; and the proportion of persons not meeting the recommendations for the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR). Results: Differences were observed in the prevalence of inadequacy of vitamin A and the proportion of persons not meeting the AMDR for total fat, linoleic acid and carbohydrate. Conclusion: The aforementioned nutrients may have a significant role in the progression/development of DPN and should be studied in further detail. We recommend a balanced diet and use of a multi-vitamin for persons with DM2.

Objectives: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is on the rise worldwide. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy and excessiveness in persons with DM2 with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Study Design: A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of inadequacy of nutrients with an estimated average requirement; the mean intake of nutrients with an adequate intake; and the proportion of persons not meeting the recommendations for the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR). Results: Differences were observed in the prevalence of inadequacy of vitamin A and the proportion of persons not meeting the AMDR for total fat, linoleic acid and carbohydrate. Conclusion: The aforementioned nutrients may have a significant role in the progression/development of DPN and should be studied in further detail. We recommend a balanced diet and use of a multi-vitamin for persons with DM2.

The aim of this study was to assess the socio-demographic variations in nutritional habits and their trends over the last decade in Lithuanian adult population. Methods: Six health behaviour surveys were carried out within the international FINBALT HEALTH MONITOR project between 1994-2004. For every survey the national random sample of 3000 inhabitants aged 20-64 was taken from the National Population Register. The study material was collected through mailed questionnaires covering sociodemographic characteristics and some nutrition habits. Response rates ranged from 61.7% to 74.4%. Education was measured using five educational levels. The respondents were categorized into three groups: persons with incomplete secondary education (primary or incomplete secondary), secondary (secondary or vocational), and university education. The degree of urbanization was based on the administrative classification of the places of residence. The respondents were grouped as living in cities, towns, or villages. The effect of age, level of education, place of residence, and marital status upon nutritional habits was evaluated using multifactor logistic regression analysis that was carried out separately for men and women. Results: Positive trends in nutritional habits were observed between 1994-2004 in Lithuania. The diet of the Lithuanian population tended to become closer to the WHO recommendations for healthy nutrition. The intake of animal fat decreased. Almost a half of population replaced butter on bread by low fat margarine. The proportion of men using vegetable oil for cooking increased from 31.1% in 1994 to 82.6% in 2004, and the proportion of women – from 47.7% to 89.4, respectively. The consumption of fresh vegetables, fruit, and dark bread has increased. Although all social groups of the Lithuanian population have changed their diet, social differences in nutrition habits still remained significant. Women, highly educated persons and urban population have healthier diet than men, people with lower education and rural population. The odds ratio of using vegetable oil among men with university education was higher by 98% and among women – by 67% than that among persons with incomplete secondary education. The respondent with university education were more than twice as likely as low educated people to consume fresh fruits daily. The proportion of persons drinking whole milk was much higher in villages (OR 4.80 (CI 4.0-5.8) for men and 7.33 (CI 6.1-8.8) for women) compared to cities. Conclusions: Existing social differences in nutritional habits should be considered in the programs for the promotion of healthy nutrition and implementation of Lithuanian Food and Nutrition Action Plan development / <p>ISBN 91-7997-157-1</p>

Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / INTRODUCTION: The objective of this research study was to analyze previously collected dietary intake data using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls and semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQ’s) in a group of HIV-positive and HIV-negative breastfeeding women from a rural region in KwaZulu-Natal in order to compare the intake of selective micronutrients obtained with the two instruments. Identifying the pattern of food intake and the contribution of different foods to the micronutrient intake in this population group will contribute to possible recommendations aimed at dietary changes to improve dietary micronutrient intake. This study was designed as a sub-study of a longitudinal prospective cohort study and subjects (N=108) were lactating mothers enrolled in a cohort which investigated the combined effect of HIV-infection and breastfeeding on women’s nutritional status. METHOD: A locally constructed FFQ and 24h-recall were used to collect dietary intake data from 108 subjects on three occasions, (~6 weeks, 14- and 24-weeks post partum). Analysis was done using the Food Finder Program™2. Micronutrients under investigation were iron, zinc, copper, selenium, vitamin A, B6, C, D and E, thiamin, riboflavin and folic acid and were selected on their relevance in HIV (AIDS). Descriptive statistics was used to determine the consumption of food items as percentage of all food items consumed and to calculate mean, mode, median and range of serving sizes for the ten food items most frequently consumed (measured with the 24h and FFQ respectively). Data was not normally distributed (indicated by the paired t-test and confirmed with a RM ANOVA nonparametric test). The F-value was determined (using Wilcoxon matched pairs test) and the significance of the difference between the micronutrient intakes measured with the two instruments (p<0.05) calculated. To investigate the strength of the correlation between the two dietary intake measures, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were determined for the nutrients under investigation. The significance level for these measurements was 95% (p<0.05). RESULTS: Both methods identified maize meal and mahewu, bread, chicken, dried beans, cabbage, onion, bananas, oranges and green leaves as the foods most often consumed. Bread, dried beans, maas, pilchards, mango and green wild leaves were the foods that contributed the most to the micronutrients under investigation. Although maize meal (in the form of phutu or mahewu) was the food item most frequently consumed in large portions, it was not in the top ten food items for any micronutrient contribution, except for selenium. Correlation coefficients (unadjusted for energy) in this study were very poor, ranging from 0.038 for vitamin B12 up to 0.48 for iron. All correlations (except vitamin B12) were poor but significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was some agreement found in the type of foods most frequently consumed and their contribution to the micronutrient intake of this population group, when using three 24h-recalls and FFQ’s and therefore in describing the habitual food intake of the population group. There was however no agreement between the micronutrient intake measured with three 24h-recalls and three FFQ’s (p<0.05). Further analysis of the data and comparisons with the biochemical results reported in another study, is recommended.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santi_mam_me_jabo.pdf: 294130 bytes, checksum: 3855f31ceee50e60e4109166afa177bc (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Caprinocultura pertencente ao Departamento de Zootecnia da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do manejo alimentar no consumo de matéria seca, comportamento ingestivo e os parâmetros ruminais e fisiológicos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 10 cabras alpinas e 15 saanen. A ração era composta por feno da planta de milho, feno de tifton e concentrado milho e soja. Os tratamentos foram T1 = alimentação às 7:00h; T2 = alimentação às 7:00 e 17:00h; T3 = alimentação às 7:00 e 19:00h; T4 = alimentação às 7:00; 13:00 e 17:00h; T5 = alimentação às 7:00; 13:00 e 19:00h. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 2. O manejo alimentar nas condições deste experimento não afeta o consumo de matéria seca, digestibilidade do nutrientes e os parâmetros fisiológicos. Os parâmetros ruminais, nitrogênio amoniacal, acido graxos voláteis e o potencial hdrogênio iônico são influenciados pelo manejo alimentar, as maiores alterações nos padrões ruminais foram encontradas nos animais que recebiam duas alimentações. / The experiment was conduced in Caprinocultura’s Sector belongs to Zootecnia’s Department of the Facudade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), with the objective to evaluate the effect of food handling in dry matter’s consumption, management and the ruminal and physiological parameters. For this, were used 10 alpinas goats and 15 saanen. The food was composed by hay plant maize, hay of Tifton and maize and soya concentrated. The treatments were T1= food at 7:00h; T2= food at 7:00 and 17:00h; T3= food at 7:00 and 19:00h; T4= 7:00; 13:00 and 17:00h and T5= food at 7:00; 13:00 and 19:00h. The experimental design used was completely randomized in factorial model 5X2. The management does not affect food consumption of dry matter digestibility of nutrients and physiological parameters. The ruminal parameters, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids and ionic potential hydrogen management are influenced by food, the greatest microbial activities were found in animals that received two meals.