Today, the mass media is playing a key role in reinforcing globalisation, providing people with information that can make them more enlightened about the world. But apart from being an efficient tool for spreading information and a possible ”window on the world” the media can also produce preconceptions and create distance between people and places. This is a study on how African countries are portrayed in the Swedish Television news. The aim of the study is to describe, analyse and compare how Africa was described in 2003 and how it is described ten years later, in 2013. The analysis is based on foreign news reports in one of the main Swedish public service broadcasters, Sveriges Television (SVT). The theoretical framework primarily consists of theories on media logic and news values, representation, identification, globalisation and cosmopolitanism. One of the main conclusions is that although the amount of news on Africa has increased, the character of the news reports is still dominated by negative events such as wars, conflicts and suffering. Alongside this stereotypical and highly negative portrayal of Africa exists another story that focuses on economic development and success – An image that both brings new insights and creates new stereotypes.

This study investigates the values that the print media place on human lives in an international context. This was conducted by examining the coverage of death in international news. Although the research literature shows a number of studies that examined the coverage of death, this particular study differs from previous studies because all such previous research has had either a narrow focus or shortcomings in their research methods. In this context, this study is a comprehensive evaluation of how newspapers cover death in foreign news. By focussing on quality newspapers in Germany and Australia, namely the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, the Süddeutsche, The Australian and the Sydney Morning Herald, the study identified the differences in the coverage of death in these newspapers. In particular the study examined whether these newspapers gave preference in any form to reports of death from countries that were culturally similar as opposed to countries that were culturally dissimilar countries. The study further examined and highlighted the basis on which journalists in Germany and Australia made news decisions about whether or not to cover foreign events that included death and what criteria informed their news decisions. By applying a cultural framework developed especially for the purpose of examining international news, the study found clear evidence that journalists primarily look for a cultural connection to their own country in making news judgments in regard to foreign news coverage. The framework used in this study was based on the following four cultural dimensions: world views, value systems, systems of social organisation and systems of symbolic representation. In this regard, an event in which a large number of people have died, but which is located in a country that does not have many links along these dimensions with the newspaper’s home country will not necessarily rate very highly. In contrast, an event involving a few dead people would rate highly if the event occurred in a country with which the newspaper’s home country has many links along the four dimensions. In this regard, issues such as news fatigue, also called compassion fatigue, can be overcome by a cultural connection to another country. Differences in how German and Australian quality newspapers treated stories about foreign death, both in the use of language and the use of photographs, were also examined in detail. In this regard, Australian newspapers were found to display relatively more tabloid characteristics than German newspapers, with clear differences in the language used when describing death. Differences in the use of graphic photographs were not as clear, though distinctions could still be made to a certain degree across national lines. In general, journalists’ approaches to how they treated death could also be traced back to some distinct cultural differences between Germany and Australia.

The aim of the thesis The news of Czech News Agency from Latin America is to document the form of the Czech News Agency's text news from Latin America, to reveal whether the agency fulfills its obligation to inform about events abroad according to Act No. 517/92 Coll., and also to expand the very limited number of studies related to this topic. This work deals with news agencies and takes into consideration the CTK as a public institution and outlines the characteristics of Latin America and its relations with our country. Using quantitative content analysis, I find out how much space CTK spends on the countries of the North, Central and South America, which countries are re-informing and which countries virtually ignore in its news. I examine what priority messages are usually assigned and which areas of public life are concerned. Last but not least, I compare the monitored reality from the first half of 2016 to the first half of 2006 to reveal how much informing about Latin America has changed over the course of a decade. At thesis I provide a detailed analysis of Czech News Agency's production from Latin American countries, which no one has ever dealt with in the Czech environment so far, and present the results of my analysis in the tables and charts.

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This thesis examines the Italian news reports, political debates and histories of the revolt in the Netherlands between 1566 and 1648. Many Italians were directly involved in this conflict and were keen narrators of these wars. Despite this, a systematic study of the Italian interest for the conflict has not yet been undertaken. This thesis argues that the complex political constellation of the Italian peninsula, dominated by the Habsburg monarchy, shaped the Italian news, debates and interpretations of the Dutch Revolt. Chapter one examines the different ways in which news from the Low Countries reached Italian states. It demonstrates that Italian military officers, active on the battlefield in the Netherlands in the Habsburg army, played a crucial role as purveyors of news and opinion on the conflict. The two following chapters study the circulation of political treatises on the Italian peninsula. Chapter two reconstructs the debates sparked by the events in the Low Countries between 1576 and 1577. Chapter three examines the descriptions of the emergence of a new state in the Northern Netherlands and the discourses on war and peace between 1590 and 1609. Chapter four looks into the development of a market for printed news pamphlets and explores the connections between manuscript and printed news. Chapter five studies how news was used by Italian history writers in their contemporary chronicles. It also investigates how these authors celebrated Italian protagonists in the war as Italian and Catholic heroes. The conclusion examines the evolution of all these Italian discourses related to Dutch Revolt.

The study used quantitative content analysis to compare the international news content about Africa and the rest of the world in selected daily and weekly newspapers in Malawi and explored the extent to which economic factors, as represented by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), influence news flows about Africa into Malawi. The results showed dominance of the categories of war/international conflict and politics. International news agencies were the principal sources of news items for all the four papers. Though there were differences among the newspapers in the amount of space allocated to various categories such differences were minor. The study established that GDP is not a determinant of the amount of coverage a country receives. / Communication Science / M.A. (International Communication)

This dissertation examines the flow of economic news in Africa, in order to investigate the potential existence of regional hierarchies in international news flow. The research was based on a framework of theories on international news flow. A quantitative and qualitative content analysis of a sample of news articles published in Africa Investor, African Business and Business in Africa during 2007 and 2008 was analysed. The quantitative results showed that South Africa received the highest level of coverage and was covered to a greater extent than any other African country. The qualitative results indicated that there was clear evidence of regional hierarchy in the coverage of African countries: South Africa received extensive coverage probably due to the fact that it is the largest, most advanced and influential economy in the continent. The study showed that inequality in news coverage is not only a global issue, but also a regional one. / Communication Science / M.A. (International Communication)

國際新聞向來不受重視，也常為人所詬病，過去對國際新聞的研究都以守門人觀念、內容分析、資訊不平衡、通訊社和記者為主。沒有人針對國際新聞的特性和從事編輯[編譯]工作者的人格特質，以及它們對工作滿足的影響進行研究。本研究企圖探討國際新聞的工作特性，編輯[編譯]人員的人格特質對工作滿足的影響進行研究。 本研究在人格特質上，採用成就取向、權威取向、權術取向、風險取向及內控取向等五個構面，在工作特性上，採用自主性、變化性、完整性、重要性和回饋性等五個構面。在工作滿足方面則採用內在及外在兩項工作滿足構面。並加入性別、年齡、職位、薪資、學歷和年資等因素，探討國際新聞編輯[編譯]人員的工作滿足。 本研究透過問卷方式調查，並以深度訪談進行質化研究。問卷內容包括人格特質以Robbins的「人格特質量表」衡量，工作特性以「工作診斷量表」與「工作特性量表」合製而成的量表進行衡量，工作滿足以「明尼蘇達短式問卷」衡量。深度訪談以Gieber (1956)的研究發現為主發展出的問題，分別訪問資淺、資深編輯[編譯]與主管人員。 研究發現： （一）人格特質構面的「成就取向」對內在滿足有顯著的解釋力。 （二）工作特性構面的「重要性與變化性」對內在滿足有顯著的解釋力。 （三）部分個人屬性變項對人格特質、工作特性與工作滿足造成差異性。 （四）國際新聞編輯[編譯]人員的人格特質有兩大改變，過去注重工作細節和態度是消極的，現在則注重社會責任與態度是積極的。 （五）工作滿足方面，由於外在滿足不易，因此多數國際新聞編輯[編譯]人員轉向追求內在滿足。 關鍵字：人格特質，工作特性，工作滿足，國際新聞編輯[編譯]。 / For many years, international news coverage in Taiwan has often been overlooked and subject to criticism. Previous studies have focused on the perception of the gatekeeper, content analysis, information imbalance, news agencies and the reporters. Moreover, little emphasis has been placed on the personality trait of the foreign news editors/translators, job characteristics and job satisfaction. This study aims to examine the correlation among the personality traits, job characteristics and job satisfaction for foreign news editors/translators in Taiwan. The dimension of personality consists of five items including locus of control, achievement orientation, authoritarianism, machiavellism and risk taking. The five components in the dimension of job characteristics are autonomy, task identity, task importance and skill variety. The dimension of job satisfaction consists of two components including intrinsic satisfaction and extrinsic satisfaction. In addition, demographic characteristics such as gender, compensation, and job rank are considered in our analysis. We utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis in this study. Specifically, data are collected on the aforementioned dimensions of interest using questionnaires and statistical analysis was conducted to assess correlations quantitatively. We also conducted depth-discussion with foreign news editors/ translators based on the Gieber study. The results of these discussions are summarized qualitatively. Our investigation leads to the following conclusions: 1. Achievement orientation of the personality trait has significant positive effect on intrinsic satisfaction. 2. Importance and variety of the job characteristics has significant positive effect on intrinsic satisfaction. 3. Parts of demographic characteristics cause various different effect on the personality trait, job characteristics and job satisfaction. 4. In personality trait, there are two changes, their emphasis changes from detailed work to social responsibility and their attitude changes from passive to positive. 5. In job satisfaction, it is not easy to get extrinsic satisfaction, they pursue intrinsic satisfaction instead. Keywords; personality trait, job characteristics, job satisfaction, foreign news editor/translator

The diploma thesis analyses news coverage of some of the most important reforms conducted by the Polish conservative government. It focuses on public media services: Czech News Agency and the main news, Události, of the Czech Television, and the time period of years 2015 - 2018. The work consists of two parts. Theoretical part zeroes in on the description of theoretical concepts, general description of mentioned public media services and their foreign news coverage, particular types of agency and TV news. Separate chapter summarizes the differences between the Czech News Agency and the Czech Television, their purpose and news production itself. Another chapter concentrates on Poland - its political system and historical background of the last decades. The current situation in the country since 2015 is also outlined - the results of the last elections, current government and its reforms and intended changes. The reform of justice, reform of media and a plan to almost ban the abortions are described in details. These three reforms are the bases of Author's analysis. The practical part describes in detail results of both quantitative and qualitative methods chosen for this work. It is researched how often the chosen newsrooms were informing about the above mentioned reforms, what priority did they give them,...

<p>The aim of this study is to identify, map and understand the anthropology – the science of man – that can be distinguished in foreign news pages in Swedish daily papers. Concepts of nationality, ethnicity and gender are crucial parameters in this anthropology. Foreign news can be regarded as a textual system in which form and content interact to create its own object of knowledge: the Other, or rather, the Others. Thus, the relationship between foreign news as a textual system and foreign news as anthropology is central to this dissertation.</p><p>The years 1987, 1995 and 2002 have been selected for examination on the following grounds: 1987 belongs to the cold war era; 1995 belongs to the post-cold war era, and is also the year when Sweden joined the EU; and 2002 belongs to the era defined by the events of September 11 2001. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of a total of 1,162 foreign news articles published during one week in each year, was carried out. The qualitative analysis consists mainly of discourse analysis. Foucault’s discourse theory constitutes the theory of knowledge in the study. It is combined with Barthes’ theory on myths as well as postcolonial and other theories on nationality, ethnicity and gender and the representation of these aspects in journalism and elsewhere.</p><p>Discourse type is a central concept in the analysis. Discourse types resemble subgenres, but are specifically defined by certain perspectives. Other defining aspects are voices, style, mode of address and closeness/distance to an event/a development. Seven discourse types that constitute the order of the discourse in foreign news pages were identified in this study: On location narratives, Elite event reports, Catastrophe event reports, Situation reports, Commentaries, Picture paragraphs and Quotation paragraphs. The representation of different regions of the world, of different nationalities and ethnicities, and of men and women, are related to these discourse types throughout the study.</p><p>The anthropology of foreign news establishes vast differences between people. These differences depend on regions, spheres in society, gender and skin colour. They also depend on the textual setting, i.e. the discourse type. Some regions, like Western Europe, USA, the Middle East and North Africa, are always centred. Others, like South America and parts of Africa, are practically ignored. Women are also ignored, hence “othered” by exclusion. When women do appear, this occurs in discourse types which exoticize them concerning gender as well as nationality/ethnicity. Women with darker skin are generally more negatively represented, compared to “white” women. The ruling groups, normally represented by men, appear as quite alike around the world. They are not exoticized and generally speak for themselves. However, powerful men from the Middle East and North Africa and from the (former) Soviet Union are treated differently and represented as threats, sometimes even as tabooed.</p><p>All these aspects stand out as relatively stable during the research period. Differences in the order of discourse consist mainly of an increase of exoticizing perspectives and of the use of pictures — both of which correspond to a relative increase of women — and of a simultaneous decrease of plain, scanty reports and increase of explicitly subjective articles. International aspects also increase over the years. However, this undermining of the hegemony of the nation on the foreign news pages, still exists within the discourse of the nation. The idea of the nation still limits the understanding of the world. In a similar way, the explicitly subjective articles increase within the discourse of journalistic objectivity. This is an interesting and thought-provoking paradox in the genre of foreign news.</p>