TV formats are one of the most used mechanisms in the audiovisual industry. Their protection by copyright is a subject of academic debate which reflects in the diverse international and national jurisprudence on the matter. This article aims to give a brief review of some theoretical aspects regarding the type of protection provided by copyright to audiovisual productions, providinga case law approach on recent Peruvian and international jurisprudence. / Los formatos televisivos son uno de los mecanismos más utilizados en la industria audiovisual. Su protección por el derecho de autor es un tema de mucho debate académico que se refleja en la diversa jurisprudencia internacional y nacional que existe sobre la materia. El presente artículo tiene por objeto hacer un breve repaso por algunos aspectos de orden conceptual relativos al tipo de protección que ofrece el derecho de autor a las producciones audiovisuales y luego una revisión de la jurisprudencia nacional y comparada relevante que permitirá complementar dicha visión.

Apresenta uma análise sobre requisitos de interoperabilidade de dados na cadeia de desenvolvimento do produto e processo em empresas dos setores automotivo e máquinas rodoviárias, relacionados com a implementação da manufatura virtual. As informações foram coletadas de livros, artigos de conferências, revistas, páginas da internet, e discussões com especialistas. Descreve as principais características de formatos neutros de dados e núcleos de modelagem de sistemas. Aborda a viabilidade na padronização dos requisitos de informação e representação de dados, de maneira a selecionar uma relação de formatos neutros para a troca de dados compatíveis para uma variedade de sistemas da manufatura virtual. Relata os principais esforços no desenvolvimento de formatos neutros para a melhoria da interoperabilidade de dados. / This paper presents an interoperability requirement analysis of the product and process development chain for automotive and off-road vehicle factories for a virtual manufacturing implementation. All information was collected from articles, technical magazines, internet, books, and discussion with specialists. A description is given of major features of neutral data formats and system modeling kernels. Also provided is an analysis of the feasibility of standardizing the informational needs of virtual manufacturing systems. Finally a representation of input data is presented in order to select neutral data formats suitable for a variety of virtual Manufacturing systems. The paper concludes by reporting the major worldwide efforts on developing neutral data standards to improve interoperability.

A dissertação ora apresentada teve como objetivo central identificar e sistematizar as estratégias de transmidiação desenvolvidas no âmbito da produção da obra ficcional Latitudes (2013, 2014), um projeto transmídia veiculado em três plataformas diferentes: YouTube, televisão e cinema e, respectivamente, em três formatos: websérie, série de TV e longa metragem. Trata-se de pesquisa que utiliza a técnica de estudo de caso para analisar o surgimento de obras ficcionais produzidas para distribuição em diversas plataformas O trabalho discute o surgimento de novos gêneros e formatos relacionando-os ao contexto da hipertelevisão (Scolari, 2014) e da distribuição de conteúdos em multiplataformas, que marca a experiência estética audiovisual na contemporaneidade, proporcionando novas formas de produção, consumo e fruição. Também são discutidos modelos de negócio na cultura da convergência (Jenkins, 2008), nomeadamente no YouTube - repositório para a websérie Latitudes -, a partir da distribuição e consumo cada vez mais pautados em plataformas streaming, que ganham espaço frente à grade horária tradicional televisiva, no modelo broadcast. Apoiados nos estudos de linguagem de Bakhtin (2003) e em discussões sobre gêneros feitas por Barthes (2009), Eco (1994) e Mungioli (2012), os resultados das análises sugere uma aproximação entre os gêneros ficcional e documental na versão seriada exibida na televisão. Em termos de estratégias de transmidiação desenvolvidas em Latitudes, a análise revelou que a obra incorpora modelos de distribuição e consumo que se apresentam como tendências atuais na produção audiovisual brasileira. Quanto à construção narrativa, observamos como principais resultados o uso das estratégias de propagação (Fechine, 2013) e de reassistibilidade (Mittel, 2011) para o estabelecimento da transmidiação em Latitudes. Também incorporamos às discussões a análíse de estratégias de product placement, a partir de inserções roteirizadas, como modelo de capitalização eficaz em produtos audiovisuais que contam com a internet como principal veículo de distribuição. / The present study aims to identify and systematize transmediation strategies developed by the producers of the series Latitudes (2013, 2014), a project distributed in three different platforms: internet (YouTube), television and cinema (so, in three formats: webseries, TV series and film). The work discusses the emergence of new genres and formats relating them to the context of hipertelevision (Scolari, 2014) and the multi-platform content distribution, which marks the audiovisual experience in contemporary culture and ensures more autonomy and agency to the audiences (Castells, 2009). We also discuss the new business opportunities in the convergence culture (Jenkins, 2008), particularly on YouTube, which works as a repository for the webseries Latitudes, with the distribution and consumption increasingly guided by streaming platforms, that are gaining ground against the traditional television broadcast model. It was also possible to see that these new dynamics, supported by the Internet, create new production processes. Based on the Language theory of Bakhtin (2003) and reflections on genres using Barthes (2009), Eco (1994) and Mungioli (2012). Through these analyzes, we see a connection between the fictional and documentary genres in the television version of our empirical object. After these advances, we reach the stage of systematization of transmediation strategies developed in Latitudes, realizing that it incorporates different kinds of distribution and consumption that are presented as trends in the Brazilian audiovisual production. As main results, we identified propagation strategies (Fechine, 2013), and the use of rewatchability (Mittel, 2011) for the establishment of transmidiation in Latitudes. We also add to the discussion the strategy of product placement (Miller, 2014), through scripted insertions, as an effectively capitalization model for audiovisual products that rely on the internet as a primary vehicle of distribution.

The overall aim of the study is to get a better understanding for the relation between different forms of representation in ICT-interfaces and cognitive variation in individuals. Cognitive style is, according to Riding & Al-Hajji (2000) ”an individual’s preferred and habitual approach to both organizing and representing information”. Research of the relation between cognitive style and learning performance has shown, according to Riding & Al-Hajji (2000), that pupils learn best when the structure, the content and the mode of presentation of the material suits their style. On the basis of an explorative pre-analysis of a multimedia program for learning mathematics, named Matador, a general hypothesis was formulated. The general hypothesis that was examined is: The Matador multimedia program can be improved as concerns the presentational formats both for pupils who are helped by and attracted by visual information and – in particular – for pupils who are helped by and attracted by verbal information. A minor user’s test with 10-15 year old pupils was carried out in order to complement the pre-analysis by testing some specific details of the program with users. The results of the study indicate that there are certain aspects that could be improved, especially for those who are helped by and attracted by verbal information.

Choosing a 3D file format is a difficult task, as there exists a countless number of formats with different ways of storing the data. The format may be binary or clear text using XML, supporting a lot of features or just the ones that is currently required and there may be an official, or just an unofficial, specification available. This thesis compares four different 3D file formats by how they handle specific features; meshes, animation and materials. The file formats were chosen based on if they could be exported by the 3D computer graphics software Blender, if they supported the required features and if they appeared to have some form of complete specification. The formats were then evaluated by looking at the available specification and, if time permitted, creating a parser. The chosen formats were COLLADA, B3D, MD2 and X. The comparison was then conducted, comparing how they handled meshes, animation, materials, specification and file size. This was followed by a more general discussion about the formats.

Master of Science / Department of Human Nutrition / Valentina Remig / The use of computer-based and personal assistive technology is projected to increase as the boomer generation continues to age. Technology is infiltrating and improving the lives of older adults, including their education. This study determined older adults’ preferences toward the use of technology to learn about nutrition and health. The sample included 132 volunteer subjects, mostly female, white non-Hispanic, ranging in age from 65−92 years, recruited from local organizations, senior centers, churches, and senior apartments. All participants completed a newly developed, 32-item pilot tested questionnaire that included demographic and self-rated health characteristics, current use of technology, factors that motivate and/or influence attitudes and interest toward use of technology, and preferred formats and topics of interest for nutrition and health education information. The results indicated that, overall, these older adults self-rated their health as either excellent or good, and that those who were younger and among the higher income brackets and education levels were more likely to use computers than those who were older, with less income, and education levels. Findings also indicated that older adults were interested and willing to learn about technology, had positive attitudes toward it and showed a high demand for user-friendly programs and training. Finally, results show that although newsletters, magazines and television were mostly preferred by older adults, computers were also considered very helpful and were used to learn about nutrition and health information.

This thesis consists of a collection of poems. The poems entail a discussion of the weight of human decisions with regards to gender, sexuality, music, religion, and environment. A great deal of these pieces are in conversation with a type of death or an eclipsed ending in order to examine the outcome of each varied individual response to mortality.

Dans la plupart des systèmes disponibles aujourd'hui l'interopérabilité est fournie comme une capacité statique qui est le résultat d'une intégration conçue manuellement. En conséquence, un nombre important de systèmes fonctionnellement compatibles ne sont pas conçues pour être interopérables. L'objectif de cette thèse est de permettre l'interopérabilité automatisée des protocoles pour les systèmes, services et applications à travers des médiateurs de protocoles synthétisés dynamiquement. Les médiateurs représentent des composants logiciels qui peuvent coordonner les interactions entre deux ou plusieurs systèmes fonctionnellement compatibles, en utilisant les différents moyens de communication (réseaux IP, IPC, la mémoire partagée, etc.). Les médiateurs synthétisés dynamiquement devraient permettre aux applications de s'adapter sans difficulté aux protocoles a priori inconnus, soutiennent l'évolution de ces protocoles tout en contournant les contraintes des systèmes du monde réel, comme celles introduites par la mobilité de l'appareil et des systèmes d'exploitation. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur les problèmes de recherche liés à l'automatisation du processus d'adaptation de données dans le cadre de la médiation de protocoles. L'adaptation des données est une étape clé dans la médiation de protocoles qui ne peut pas être résolu indépendamment. Cette dépendance devient visible lorsque les systèmes reposant sur des piles de protocoles complexes doivent être rendus interopérables, malgré les dépendances inter-couche à l'intérieur des données échangées. Il y a la nécessité d'un cadre qui synthétise les médiateurs, tout en tenant compte de l’adaptation de données. / In most systems available today interoperability is provided as a static capability that is the result of manually designed and hand coded integration. In consequence, a substantial number of functionally-compatible systems are not conceived to be interoperable. The focus of this thesis is to enable automated protocol interoperability for systems, services and applications through the means of dynamically synthesized protocol mediators. Protocol mediators represent concrete software components which can coordinate interactions between two or more functionally-compatible systems, relying on various means of communication (IP networks, personal area networks, inter-process communication, shared memory, etc.). Dynamically synthesised mediators should allow applications to seamlessly adapt to a priori unknown protocols, support the evolution of such protocols while circumventing real-world system constraints, such as those introduced by device mobility and operating system differences. In this thesis we focus on the research problems related to automating the process of data adaptation in the context of protocol mediation. Data adaptation is a key phase in protocol mediation that cannot be solved independently. This strong dependence becomes visible when systems relying on multilayer protocol stacks have to be made interoperable, despite cross-layer dependencies inside the exchanged data. There is the need of a frame- work that synthesises mediators while taking into account cross-layer data adaptation.

Soziales Handeln – individuelles ebenso wie kollektives – findet in Raum und Zeit statt. Verräumlichung ist deshalb eine zentrale Dimension sozialen Handelns. Akteure nutzen, häufig unbewusst, einen geographischen Raum, sie beziehen sich in ihren Vorstellungen von der räumlichen Dimension ihres Handelns auf bereits verbreitete Muster zur Gestalt und strukturierenden Qualität dieses Raumes und sie reproduzieren oder schaffen mit ihrem Handeln soziale Räume. Umgekehrt kann man sagen, dass jede soziale Interaktion mindestens eine, oft aber mehrere räumliche Dimensionen hat. Um diese verschiedenen räumlichen Dimensionen, die sich mit einer einzigen sozialen Interaktion verbinden können, typologisch zu erfassen, hat der französische Soziologe und Philosoph Henri Lefebvre (1974) die eingängige Formel von den espaces perçus (den erfassbaren, materiellen und zugleich sozial produzierten Räumen, espaces conçues (die Gesamtheit der sprachlichen, visuellen und anderen Kodifizierungen, die Akteure nutzen, um Räume zu bezeichnen) und espaces vécus (den gelebten Räumen) geprägt. Unabhängig davon, ob man mit seiner Einteilung übereinstimmt, bleibt die grundsätzliche Intuition, dass die Vielfalt der räumlichen Dimensionen, die soziale Interaktionen begleiten und kennzeichnen, nicht auf eine Dimension oder auf deren vollständige Deckungsfähigkeit reduziert werden können.

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