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This study focuses on economic integration of foreign-born men and women from Somalia and the former Yugoslavia in Sweden and in the Netherlands. Many welfare states of Western Europe are experiencing that some groups of immigrants have had a hard time to integrating economically. This has been dictated by high unemployment rates and low incomes. The aim of this thesis is therefore to describe the migration and the economic integration for the chosen groups and countries and to analyse factors that can have an effect on the immigrants’ labour market situation. Thesis also investigates institutional factors that can contribute to either positive or negative immigrant economic integration. For the purpose of gaining a deeper understanding of the subject a comparative method is used, which is characterised by both descriptive and explanatory analysis on immigrant economic integration. The analysis is based on literature, earlier studies and statistical data. The theories used for explaining labour market integration are human capital theory, social capital theory as well as the destination countries institutional factors, specifically the immigration and integration policies. It was found that the Yugoslavian immigrant groups had a positive labour market attachment when compared to the Somali immigrant groups. The Dutch former Yugoslavs have the best labour market success. Out of the examined Somalis; the Swedish Somalis had the best labour market success while the Dutch Somalis have shown the poorest labour market attachment. It was also found that, especially, the relation between the degrees of education has an effect on the immigrants’ economic integration. Furthermore, year of migration and age have also shown to have an effect on the investigated immigrants’ economic integration. The examined institutional factors, on the other hand, were not believed to have any direct impact on the immigrants’ labour market success.

Studien har undersökt vilka attityder unga svenskar i åldern 16-29 har kring olika former avstreaming. Studien har också undersökt vilka attityder de unga svenskarna har kring illegalaformer av legal streaming samt om dessa attityder överensstämmer eller inte med attityder kring övriga streamingformer. Studien ämnar komplettera tidigare studier som inte tidigare undersökt unga svenskars attityder kring illegala former av legal streaming.Studien genomfördes med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. För att samla in det empiriska materialet genomfördes en webbenkät med 82 respondenter och en intervju med en fokusgrupp bestående av fyra personer. Utöver detta har det också genomförts en innehållsanalys av två internetforum.Det resultat som de empiriska undersökningarna resulterade i överensstämde till stor del med tidigare studier. Attityderna som fanns kring de olika formerna av streaming överensstämde till stor del även de. Signifikanta faktorer som påverkade dessa attityder var bland annat viljan att se en stor mängd film samt ny film. Den ekonomiska aspekten var inte alltid den mest drivande faktorn. Vidare ansåg respondenter att streamingtjänsters utbud inte bör begränsas geografiskt.Slutsatsen var att attityderna kring de olika formerna av streaming till stor del stämde överensmed attityder som påvisats i tidigare studier. Attityderna som påträffades i studiens empiriöverensstämmer oavsett hur användaren streamar. Vidare vittnade respondenterna om attavstängande från legala streamingtjänster om de geografiska begränsningarna kringgicks kunde leda till ett ökat användande av illegala streamingtjänster. / The study has examined the attitudes of young Swedes in the ages 16-29 have on various forms of streaming. The study has also examined the young Swedes attitudes towards illegal forms of legal streaming and circumventing geographic limits. The goal was to see if these attitudes were consistent or not with the attitudes about other forms of streaming. The study had the purpose to complement previous studies with the attitudes about illegal forms of legal streaming since this have not been examined before.The study was conducted by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. In order to collect the empirical result the study used a web survey respond2ent by 82 respondents and an interview with a focus group concluding four respondents. In addition to this, a content analysis of two Internet forums has been done.The empirical inquest resulted in similar results as previous studies. The attitudes that werefound in this empirical study were also consistent within the different forms of streaming. Therespondents testified that a factor they had that affected the attitudes was a will to see a largeamount of movies. The economical aspect was not one of the biggest factors that affected the attitudes. The respondents did not though that the amount of movies they offered to the users should be limited geographically.The conclusion was that the attitudes of the various forms of streaming were largely consistent with the attitudes demonstrated in previous studies. Attitudes found in the study's empirical evidence were consistent regardless whichever way as the user streams. Furthermore, respondents testified that seclusion from the legal streaming services if the users were circumventing the geographic limits might lead towards an increased use of illegal streaming services.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Hypertension (HTN) is the most common chronic disease among jail inmates. Many inmates treated for HTN while incarcerated in the Fairfax County Jail do not continue treatment when they return to their communities. Factors that contribute to discontinuing HTN management once the inmate returns to the community include homelessness, low income, and lack of access to care. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to educate inmates with HTN about community-based outreach services for HTN management and continuity of care while in the community. The outcome measured was the number of inmates who returned to jail reporting use of a community-based clinic for follow-up HTN care after their last release from jail. The project was conducted in 2 phases during a 6-month period. A pre-HTN survey questionnaire measuring HTN history and lifestyle was administered on initial incarceration. A post-HTN survey was completed when the inmates return to the jail during the 6-month period and measured adherence to post jail follow up HTN care. The findings of this quality improvement project indicate that both inmates who returned to jail in Phase 2 of the project followed up their HTN care in the community after release from jail. This project shows promise as a first step in the process of social change in planning discharge for inmates with HTN at the time of incarceration.

A Five-pillar conceptual framework -good social environment, focused instruction, well-trained and regularly supervised teachers, family background and language of learning and teaching- is used in this dissertation as a theoretical construct through which to make sense of persistent learner performance disparities between former white and former black schools in the South African public education system. This is a largely qualitative research project which employs a case study approach within a study area comprised of four purposive sample schools. The study is exploratory in nature in that it seeks to investigate why former white schools continue to perform better than former black schools despite massive educational changes made since 1994. I argue in this dissertation that teaching and learning processes between former white and former black schools are still fraught with huge inequalities, hence learner performance disparities. In other words, despite the investment, inputs and strategies since 1994, the education system in historically black schools is not working largely because of issues of classroom practice. A multi-method approach for data collection purposes was used in this study: testing, interviews, observations, intensive literature review and documentary analysis. Learner focus groups, maths teachers, teacher union representatives and school principals formed the backbone of research respondents in this project. The results show immense and unrelenting prevalence of inequalities and variations between former white and former black schools in terms of almost all aspects of teaching and learning processes. The essence of the results is that for the South African education system to achieve equitable learner performance across all schools, it must first achieve equity in terms of teaching and learning processes and needs.

In March 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). By 1985 relations between the Soviet Union and Cuba had been in existence for over 25 years and were extremely close in both ideological and trade terms. Soon after coming to power, Gorbachev implemented the policies of perestroika and glasnost while Fidel Castro introduced the campaign for rectification of errors in Cuba. There were great differences in these campaigns since the Cuban one was much more ideologically driven than its Soviet counterparts. This study is an examination of the period from March 1985 to the end of 1991. This is done in three broad areas: official Soviet policy towards Cuba; the unofficial Soviet policy towards Cuba (an examination of academics and social/political commentators work on Cuba) and the Cuban perception and reaction to the events in the Soviet Union. This study also attempts to establish whether a rethinking, with the benefit of hindsight, has taken place in the years since 1991. In 1985 official and unofficial Soviet policy towards Cuba were identical but as the Gorbachev period continued this began to change. Official policy began to become contradictory in style since Moscow started "veiled" attacks against aspects of its relationship with Cuba while at the same time still defended the island in the face of continuing US hostility. Moscow also stated that the differences in Soviet and Cuban policies were because each campaign was designed for conditions specific to each country but that both had the same goal: the improvement of socialism. Although official policy became more outspoken, at no point during the Gorbachev era did it call for the termination of relations with Cuba. Unofficial Soviet policy started to change as the effects of glasnost permeated Soviet society. This became noticeable from 1987 onwards and reached the point that an open debate on the relationship was taking place. By 1991 unofficial policy was vastly different from the official Soviet line towards Cuba. The Cuban government also stated that the programmes were for situations specific to each country but that both had the same goal, that being the improvement of socialism. The unofficial Cuban line mirrored the official one but by 1990 this started to change as it started to criticise Soviet policies. In 1991 the Cuban government also started to do this. Due to the difficult situation in the socialist world the Cuban government from 1989 had been trying to increase its hard currency markets. A general re-thinking with the benefit of hindsight has not taken place on either side but an examination of participants' memoirs is still a valuable study to conduct. Although it offers very little new evidence for this period it does, however, give more credence to the events that took place between March 1985 and December 1991.

The master's thesis represents an analysis of the sources of law, case law and literature concerning the doctrine of command responsibility. Analysis itself is preceded by the description of historical development of command responsibility. Aim of the analysis is to identify requirements of command responsibility set out by the ad hoc tribunals and requirements of command responsibility according to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, to compare those requirements and to find out most significant differences between the two approaches. Analysis provides that according to the Rome Statute there are two more requirements than according to the ad hoc tribunals' case law. Firstly there is the requirement of causal relationship and secondly there are two categories of superiors introduced - the military or military-like commanders and other superiors. Newly, there are slightly stricter requirements of responsibility for the former category than for the latter. Benefits of this thesis include the identification of requirements of command responsibility in Czech language.

This thesis examines the influence of the colonial past on contemporary media coverage of France and Britain. It focuses on selected colonies and the frequency of their references on two websites - Skynews.com and France24.fr. Thus the thesis tries to answer the question whether or not the colonial past is still a strong determinant which governs the media's priorities. Imperial history has always been very vivid in these countries, where vast colonial land was possessed. Consequently they must now deal with the impact of their incursions. A strong relationship with former colonies exists and still be seen through the media. In addition, the fact that news media still prefers those states to the information about different former colonies, proves the existence of very strong bonds after the end of decolonial processes. The thesis is divided into two main sections. The first section considers the theoretical frame of analyzed notions (e.g. the geography of communication, colonialism or postcolonialism etc.), colonial history and pursuits the basic facts from media studies. Subsequently, the second section focuses on research results, whereby the principal aim is to confirm the assumption that British and French media prefers to inform more about their own former colonies than colonies of the second great...

This thesis deals with the exporting performance of Ukraine. Focusing on the reorientation of merchandise exports, both in terms of geography – from East to West – and in terms of commodity composition, it explores the multi-level determinants of the observed picture. While until 2003-2004 reorientation from East to West appeared to be a steady trend, in 2005 this trend reversed and CIS re-emerged as a leading destination market for Ukraine’s exports. The commodity composition in trade with the EU has also hardly improved, and was more positive in trade with the CIS. Marginal improvements were observed on a more disaggregated level. These findings were confirmed in the macro-level analysis – Ukraine tends to under-trade with the external trade blocs – EU-15 and the then CEFTA, and over trade with the internal trade bloc of CIS. On a micro-level, the analysis has not revealed that trade with the EU has been associated with firm-level industrial upgrading, although FDI does increase the likelihood to export to the EU. Trade with the CIS has been associated with higher commodity diversification, which in turn is known to be associated with higher growth potential. On the level of policy lobbying, on the other hand, business elites have shown an increasing interest in the Western vector of integration.