This thesis explores the ways in which the factory workers of Petrograd struggled between February 1917 and June 1918 to improve their position as workers and to democratise relations within the factories. It begins by examining the sociology of the factory workforce and posits the centrality of the division between a fully proletarianised minority of skilled, literate, male workers and the majority of low-paid, unskilled, peasant and women workers. These two groups had a different relationship to the labour movement during the revolution of 1917. Chapter 2 examines the position of workers within the tsarist factory, and chapter 3 the ways in which this position changed as a result of the overthrow of the autocracy in February 1917. Chapter 4 looks at the creation of the factory committees, their political complexion, and their activities in spheres as diverse as law and order, labour discipline and the campaign against drunkenness. Chapters 5 and 6 examine the political coloration of the trade unions, and the extent to which the two organisations were genuinely democratic. Chapters 7 and 8 analyse the battle by the factory committees for workers' control of production, challenging the Western interpretation of this battle as being inspired by anarcho-syndicalism, and interpreting it instead as an attempt to stem disorder in the economy and to preserve jobs. The debates about workers' control are surveyed, and chapter 10 shows how the terms of the debate about the roles of the factory committees and trade unions changed as a result of the Bolshevik seizure of power. Within the space of a few weeks, the movement for workers' control of production developed into a movement for workers' self-management and for the nationalisation of industry. In a context of mounting economic chaos, mammoth redundancies and plummeting labour discipline, the Bolshevik government decided that workers' self-management conflicted with the priority of raising productivity in industry. June 1918 saw a move to nationalise industry, but the end of the democratic experiment in workers' management.

The thesis explores the 'return' migration and resettlement experience of members of ethnic Russian and Russian speaking migrant populations who over the period 1991-2000 left their homes in the former republics of the Soviet Union to resettle on the territory of the Russian Federation, their 'historical homeland'. The study focuses upon individual experiences of resettlement in two regions of the Russian Federation, but locates these experiences within the context of the wider regional, national and global migration regimes. The thesis traces the development of the institutions and legislation of the Russian federal and regional migration regimes over the period 1995-2001. The study demonstrates that the way in which the migration process (the migration movement and subsequent resettlement) and the space of 'return' are constructed, through political and non-political discourse and practice, often conflicts with migrant experiences of the same process and their expectations of 'return'. It charts how migrants, despite displacement and the often constraining features of the surrounding migration environment, begin to re-construct their own sense of 'home' at the site of settlement. The study concludes that rather than the migration process of the Russian populations from the former republics being a 'return' to a 'homeland', for the individual migrant the process represents an attempt to re-create an immediate 'home', that is primarily achieved through a reliance upon personal networks of family and friends.

This thesis explores the continuities and change in the conduct of Russian foreign policy in the Caspian region in the period 1991-2008 with the central focus set on the inclusion of energy both as a tool and one of the main targets of Russian foreign policy during the Putin administration. More specifically it looks at the impact that the choice to establish Russia as an energy superpower based mainly on its oil and gas sectors during this period had on the conduct of Russian foreign policy in the Caspian region. The central research question is how Russian oil and gas companies are used as foreign policy tools in the conduct of Russian foreign energy policy within the current foreign energy policy framework and to what end. The argument of this thesis is based on the hypothesis that the Russian state uses its oil and gas companies in order to infiltrate the Central Asian energy markets and assert its economic hegemony in the region through a web of legal and contractual monopolies aiming at maintaining Russia’s economic hegemony in the Caspian and contributing to one of Russia’s main energy policy priority of becoming an influential player in the global energy markets.

Set in the context of the evolving political tapestry of the Caspian region, encompassing the five riparian states of Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Russia, and their immediate neighbours in the South Caucasus (Armenia and Georgia) and Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) this PhD presents an analysis of Iranian foreign policy in the first six years following the Soviet break-up (1991-1997), an era that overlapped with the administration of President Ali Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani (1989-1997). This thesis aims to build upon two distinct areas of current scholarship creating linkages between Tehran’s domestic and external environment between 1988 and 1991 which resulted in the comprehensive pragmatist alliance and the emergence of opportunities in the Caspian after the Cold War. The crux is that Rafsanjani’s material interests were aligned with the changing geopolitics of its northern region, inducing an Iranian policy driven by a pragmatic construction of strategic concerns.

Beyond the half-lives, Exclusions Zones, and official imaginaries of nuclear risk, exists an informal geography of Chernobyl. This thesis explores what it is like to live with nuclear disaster. It reveals how people have developed informal coping tactics and local risk understandings that defy formal constructions of nuclear space, and help resist de facto state abandonment. This project involved in-depth ethnographic research with marginalised communities who live in the contaminated landscapes around the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in Ukraine. Qualitative approaches including participant observation, photographic methods and semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants including liquidators (cleanup workers), border guards, evacuees, returnees, ‘Chernobyl widows’, farmers and many other people impacted by the disaster’s contested nuclear geography. The thesis reveals how Chernobyl’s constructed landscape is produced through a negotiated process of ‘nuclearity’ (Hecht 2012). The research posits that alongside formal spatialisations of Chernobyl – such as its ‘Exclusion Zones’ - are a spectrum of unofficial understandings of space and risk that contest this top-down and ‘strategic’ geography of nuclear disaster (de Certeau 1984). It demonstrates that these alternative nuclear understandings help people assert agency and oppose the status of post-atomic ‘bare life’ (Agamben 1998). Utilising theorisations of power and resistance offered by de Certeau (1984), the thesis uncovers the hidden geography of informality, local knowledge and place attachment that allow people to resist the ‘stealthy violence’ (Li 2009, 67) of abandonment and perform their own alternative narratives of nuclear space. This thesis contributes to discussions of Agamben within geographical discourses, and advances understandings of informality in the context of post-socialist marginalisation and landscapes of risk.

This thesis presents a critique of the Copenhagen School's conceptualisation of security via an exploration of the socio-political situation in post-Akaev Kyrgyzstan. Centrally, I consider how different forms of knowledge can inform our interpretations of security. I argue that it is vital to challenge the underlying normative assumptions of the securitization and societal security, which manifest as a disciplinary "Westphalian straitjacket", if we are to produce accounts of places such as Kyrgyzstan that are not founded on stereotypes and untested assumptions. I argue that it is necessary to prioritise context when using theoretical concepts in order to fully situate our research. Adopting an interpretive approach not only in relation to Kyrgyzstan, but also securitization theory, I highlight the pluralities and contradictions of how security means in different settings and on different analytical levels. The issues raised are explored via the reflexive consideration of a number of protests in Bishkek, as well as discussion of the wider socio-cultural and political setting of post-Akaev Kyrgyzstan. I conclude that loosening the Westphalian straitjacket that currently restricts the normative and empirical utility of the Copenhagen School, and IR more generally, is a crucial step towards a more complex and nuanced understanding of security.

This thesis investigates relations between five Russian energy companies – RAO UES/Inter RAO (electricity), Minatom/Rosatom (nuclear energy), Lukoil (oil), Transneft (oil pipelines) and Gazprom (gas) – and the Russian state from 1992 to 2012, with particular regard to state-company interaction over Russian foreign policy and companies’ activities in the post-Soviet region. The argument is that, due to the institutional legacies of the Soviet system, state-company interaction over foreign policy and energy operations abroad was part of their interaction over the Russian state’s institutional development. The study is based on the conceptual framework of social orders developed by North, Wallis and Weingast (NWW). State-company relations are seen to vary according to their informality and formality, and how closely the companies, and their rent streams, are tied to the state and the ruling coalition, or regime. The thesis concludes that the institutions that structure companies’ relations with the Russian state at home make them more or less available as foreign policy tools. In particular, domestic state-company relations influence the companies’ role in maintaining post-Soviet energy dependence on Russia. The thesis highlights the energy companies’ importance for state infrastructural power, and for the durability of Russia’s authoritarian regime.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-08-17T16:32:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Aurélio dos Santos Benites_.pdf: 7036241 bytes, checksum: f739cfb94c342d5abc6835df9c66f25c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T16:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Aurélio dos Santos Benites_.pdf: 7036241 bytes, checksum: f739cfb94c342d5abc6835df9c66f25c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-23 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho discute quais são os principais impactos do processo de formação no curso de Especialização em Gestão Empresarial da UFRGS na carreira profissional dos egressos que finalizaram sua formação de 2012 a 2014, bem como de que modo se dá/pode ser dar o processo de acompanhamento desses ex-alunos desde o seu ingresso no Curso. Para tal, foi feita uma análise documental de materiais coletados nas três edições do Curso, elaborando, aplicando e analisando um questionário de acompanhamento dos alunos a partir dos referenciais teóricos da pesquisa – principalmente do estado da arte. Durante o percurso investigativo, foram examinados documentos como a ficha de inscrição e a avaliação de final de curso que foi preenchida pelos ex-alunos. Além disso, foi gerado um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, aplicado a uma amostra de 69 egressos através da plataforma Google Forms com formulários de pesquisa online e com a participação efetiva de 38 respondentes, representando um índice de 55,07% do total dos egressos do período. Além de sistematizar o perfil dos egressos do Curso de 2012 a 2014 (cruzamento de dados pessoais, profissionais e acadêmicos), a pesquisa apresenta um percurso possível de acompanhamento de egressos de Cursos de Especialização lato sensu e complexifica a análise dos dados sobre carreira e formação continuada a partir do contexto das relações de trabalho contemporâneas. Entre os principais teóricos que dão sustentação ao trabalho destacam-se Cesar Sanson, Christian Laval, David Harvey, Pierre Dardot, Maria Isabel da Cunha, Nadir Zago, entre outros. / This paper discuss the main impacts of UFRGS Business Management graduate studies course education process in the professional career of those who concluded their education between 2012 and 2014, as well as understand how can the monitoring process works since they start this course. To do so, it was done a documental analysis of collected materials in three editions of the course, being prepared, applied and analysed a student monitoring questionnaire from research theoretical references - mostly, state-of-the-art. During the investigative pathway, were examined documents as signup forms and feedback forms, filled up by the former students. Furthermore, a questionnaire was created using open-ended and closed-ended questions, applied to a sample of 69 former students through the Google Form online platform, with the effective participation of 38 people, representing a response rate of 55,07%. In addition to systematizing the profile of graduates of the Course from 2012 to 2014 (cross-referencing of personal, professional and academic data), the research presents a possible way to monitor former students of the graduate studies course and complexify data analysis about career and continued education from the contemporary workplace relations context. Among the main theoricals that supports this paper, there are: Cesar Sanson, Christian Laval, David Harvey, Pierre Dardot, Maria Isabel da Cunha, Nadir Zago, and others.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wilson de Paula Trevisan.pdf: 1093882 bytes, checksum: a471834c46738e6bd4d925333478835b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-18 / The decision of start a new business and the process of choosing what kind of business has been the subject of several studies. The relevance of this issue lies in its association with changes in the workplace. In the twenty-first century, the option of undertaking becomes increasingly a real and affordable way to generate income, occupation and work in a globalized environment in which large organizations reduce jobs, employment and shorter careers. In this context, we highlight the figure of seasoned middle-aged executive, fired from a large corporation, and sees the opening of the business itself an option to generate income and occupation. The objective is to understand the variables that influence the decision of when executives choose to start their own businesses and understand the reasons for the choice of business type and its selection criteria in light of the literature on entrepreneurship. This is a qualitative exploratory study that investigates how the dismissed executive develops its option to start a new business. To this end, there were five semi-structured interviews in which participants were asked to narrate their professional life stories and discuss issues related to their career development. The participants were five former executives who chose to mount his own business. The analysis of the transcript generated from the interview was performed using the method of analysis of the content. We performed the coding and categorization of the messages contained in the interviews, and information resulting from these procedures were the basis for the interpretation of results. Executives revealed that the decision process and choose the type of business to be started was, as the most important factors, the degree of mobility and accordingly, represented by the maximum time in an organization and the function or position most played in his career, together with the factors of attraction and financial comfort, ranging from Wright Mills executive typical described to the innovative businessman described by Joseph Schumpeter. From the results obtained, there were some thoughts that can serve as guidelines for future studies on this topic. These reflections have become in proposing a set of parameters, which aims to present the process of choosing the type of business of the former executive, through the scale and intensity of facts connected with its history of professional life, current situation and motivations / A decisão de empreender e a escolha sobre que tipo de negócio, tem sido objeto de vários estudos. A relevância do tema está em sua associação às transformações no mundo do trabalho. No século XXI, a opção de empreender torna-se, crescentemente, uma forma real e acessível para gerar renda, ocupação e trabalho em um ambiente globalizado em que grandes organizações reduzem postos de trabalho, onde há diminuição do emprego e carreiras mais curtas. Nesse contexto, destacamos a figura do executivo experiente e de meia idade, demitido de uma grande corporação e que vê, na abertura do negócio próprio, uma opção de gerar renda e ocupação. O objetivo do trabalho é entender os fatores que influenciam a decisão desses executivos quando optam por iniciar um negócio próprio, e compreender os motivos da opção pelo tipo negócio e seus critérios de escolha, à luz da literatura sobre empreendedorismo. Trata-se de estudo exploratório de enfoque qualitativo, que investiga como o executivo demitido desenvolve sua opção de empreender. Para tanto, foram realizadas cinco entrevistas semi-estruturadas, nas quais os participantes foram convidados a narrar suas histórias de vida profissional e a discorrer sobre aspectos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de suas carreiras. Participaram da pesquisa cinco exexecutivos que optaram montar um negócio próprio. A análise do material, gerada a partir da transcrição das entrevistas, foi realizada por meio do método de análise de conteúdo. Foram realizadas a codificação e a categorização das mensagens contidas nas entrevistas, e as informações resultantes desses procedimentos serviram como base para a interpretação dos resultados. Os executivos revelaram que o processo decisório e a escolha do tipo de negócio a ser montado tiveram como fatores preponderantes o grau de mobilidade e conformidade, representado pelo tempo máximo em uma organização, a função exercida ou cargo mais desempenhado na carreira, aliado aos fatores de atração e conforto financeiro, variando do executivo típico, descrito por Wright Mills, ao empresário inovador, descrito por Joseph Schumpeter. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foram realizadas algumas reflexões que podem servir como orientações a futuros estudos sobre este tema. Estas reflexões converteram-se na proposição de um conjunto de parâmetros de análise que visa apresentar o processo de escolha do tipo de negócio do ex-executivo, através da dimensão e intensidade de fatos ligados a sua história de vida profissional, situação atual e motivações

O presente trabalho foi realizado no âmbito do Pibid/Química da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), que foi implementado em 2009. O objetivo da pesquisa foi registrar as contribuições do Pibid/Química da UFRGS para a formação docente, na perspectiva dos egressos, e onde esses egressos atuam após saírem do Programa. A pesquisa foi realizada com 32 dos 35 egressos do subprojeto Química do Pibid da UFRGS, de 2009 a 2014, através da aplicação de um questionário eletrônico com 13 questões. Essa pesquisa se constitui metodologicamente como um estudo de caso. Apesar de apresentar alguns dados quantitativos, a pesquisa tem ênfase na abordagem qualitativa. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico na formação de professores principalmente as ideias de Antonio Nóvoa e Maurice Tardif. Os dados coletados foram analisados por Análise Textual Discursiva, de acordo com a proposta de Roque Moraes e Maria do Carmo Galiazzi. Este trabalho se divide em dois artigos. O primeiro traça o perfil dos egressos e investiga em que atuam após saírem do Programa. No segundo artigo trata-se das contribuições do Programa para a formação docente. No primeiro artigo observouse, como perfil dos egressos, a predominância de ex-alunos de escolas públicas, do sexo feminino, a maioria tendo atuado por tempos longos no Programa. Dos participantes, 19 egressos concluíram o curso de Licenciatura em Química na UFRGS, enquanto 13 ainda não o concluíram. Foi evidenciado que 40% dos egressos seguem atuando na educação básica. Os que deixaram de atuar na educação básica informaram que as precárias condições enfrentadas na realidade escolar foram um fator determinante para mudar de profissão. No segundo artigo, ficou evidenciado que o Pibid/Química contribuiu positivamente na formação docente dos egressos. As contribuições mais citadas pelos bolsistas egressos participantes da pesquisa foram a reafirmação da escolha profissional, o contato antecipado e a familiaridade com o ambiente escolar, a percepção da realidade da profissão, as atividades didático-pedagógicas de caráter inovador, a segurança para entrar em sala de aula e a oportunidade de dividir suas aprendizagens e anseios com os colegas do Pibid. O Pibid/Química pode, assim, ser considerado como uma ferramenta propulsora da formação docente, enriquecendo-a. Pode-se concluir, portanto, que o Pibid/Química da UFRGS vem alcançando os objetivos enunciados pela Capes para este Programa. / This work was done inside the reach of the Pibid/Chemistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), which was implemented in 2009. The research objective was to trace UFRGS’ Pibid/Chemistry’s contributions to the teaching education, from the perspective of the Program’s former students, and where said students work after they leave the Program. The research surveyed 32 out of the 35 students that left the Chemistry subproject of UFRGS’ Pibid from 2009 to 2014 by means of an electronic questionnaire with 13 questions. The research methodology is the case study. Though presenting some quantitative data, the research focuses on a qualitative approach. The theoretical frameworks used, regarding teachers’ education, were mainly the ideas of Antonio Nóvoa and Maurice Tardif. The collected data were analyzed with Textual Discourse Analysis, keeping with Roque Moraes and Maria do Carmo Galiazzi’s proposal. This work is divided in two articles. The first one trails the former students’ profile and investigates where they work after leaving the Program. The second article regards the Program’s contributions to the students’ teaching education. In the first article, the students’ profile was found to be mainly women who studied in public schools and who stayed with the Pibid for a long time. From the surveyed students, 19 had concluded the Bachelor’s Degree in Chemistry Teaching at UFRGS, while the other 13 still had not concluded it. It surfaced that 40% of the former Pibid students keep on working within basic education. The ones that left basic education said that the poor conditions faced in the school reality were a crucial factor for the profession change. In the second article, the positive contribution of the Pibid/Chemistry towards the teaching education of the students surfaced. The surveyed students cited the reassurance of the career choice, the early contact and nearness to the school environment, the profession’s reality’s perception, the innovative didactic-pedagogical activities, the confidence to enter the classroom and the opportunity to share their learnings and yearnings with their fellow Pibid students as Pibid’s contributions. The Pibid/Chemistry was found to be a driving and enriching tool in the teaching education. The Pibid/Chemistry at UFRGS was concluded to be reaching Capes’ objectives for this Program.