Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 1997. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 490-492).

This dissertation is a historical analysis of the dominant framing practices utilized by both liberal and conservative advocacy organizations and individuals in the domain of sex education throughout the 20th century and into the 21st. It is in two parts. In the first part, I construct a strategic narrative to answer the question why did conservative organizations, despite their documented anti-science sentiments, begin to embrace expertise-based frames? Utilizing a mixed-method approach, I analyze primary and secondary documents to trace the diffusion of expertise-based framing practices by liberal and conservative actors in the field of sex education. I find that the domain of sex education has always utilized expertise-based frames, though it has experienced disruptions spurred by major socio-political shifts (e.g., McCarthyism, the AIDS epidemic). In the second part, I present the results of an experimental vignette study. While the strategic narrative focuses on organizational and institutional shifts in framing practices, the experiment seeks insight into whether and how "expert cues" are noticed by a non-scientific professional audience, specifically parents (N=202) of school-aged children (5–17). The results provide weak support for the claim that parents will more favorably evaluate a sex education lesson plan when it includes expert cues, irrespective of their religious and political identities. I conclude by discussing theoretical implications for the study of framing, sociology of science, and public understanding of science as well as future directions for this research.

This study analyzes how some managers frame and make sense of engagement within organizational contexts. It aims to comprehend how their lived experiences of engagement shape their reflexive thoughts, perspectives, and strategies on a daily basis. To generate relevant data, this study used a qualitative approach by conducting semi-structured interviews with ten managers in Ontario, Canada. It made use of a thematic analysis to develop patterns and better understand common perspectives. The results showed a variety of approaches to engagement with no unanimous way of framing it as well as some paradoxes when looking at how managers make sense of this concept. Some managers seem to put forward more tangible words such as care, involvement, and success instead of explicitly evoking engagement. More specifically, from a communication perspective, this study has found that framing and communicating engagement seems to be a complex challenge for managers. They seem to make up their own meaning of engagement, which can greatly vary among individuals.

Die Arbeit analysiert das politische Framing in den Bundestagsdebatten rund um die Einführung und Abschaffung der sogenannten Praxisgebühr. Da Framing begrifflich und methodisch uneinheitlich verwendet wird, wurde ein politischer Framing-Ansatz hergeleitet. Insbesondere der konflikthaften Dimension politischen Framings kam bislang nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit zu. Auch wenn die Prozesshaftigkeit von Frames anerkannt wird, werden sie meist zu einem Zeitpunkt und als statische Objekte untersucht. Ihr strategisches Moment manifestiert sich aber in Anpassungen an die Diskursumgebung. Um diese Anpassungsprozesse durch politische Eliten zu analysieren, bieten sich Plenardebatten an. Hier wird der Wettstreit um ein imaginäres Publikum ausgetragen und im Zeitverlauf lassen sich Veränderungen nachvollziehen. Außerdem wird das Framing politischer Eliten selten untersucht und Bundestagsdebatten um Policy-Wechsel bieten einen neuen Untersuchungsgegenstand. Dabei wurden insbesondere zwei Forschungslücken bearbeitet: Framing-Konflikte und die Veränderung von Framing im Zeitverlauf. Im empirischen Teil wurden die Framing-Strategien in den Plenardebatten von der Verabschiedung der Gesundheitsreform 2003 bis zur Abschaffung der Praxisgebühr 2012 untersucht. Elementare Werte des Gesundheitssystems, wie Solidarität oder Entscheidungsfreiheit, wurden neu verhandelt. Außerdem erhöhten Einschränkungen im Leistungskatalog und höhere Belastungen den Rechtfertigungsdruck. Zur Identifikation der verschiedenen Strategien wurde ein manuell-dimensionsreduzierendes, qualitatives Verfahren verwendet. Es erlaubt nachzuvollziehen, was salient gemacht werden sollte und welche Konflikte ausgetragen wurden. Die identifizierten Frames wurden anschließend zu themenunabhängigen Frames abstrahiert. Die Arbeit liefert eine konzeptionelle Erweiterung des politikwissenschaftlichen Framing-Ansatzes und eine Analyse der Framing-Strategien in den Debatten zwischen Einführung und Abschaffung der Praxisgebühr. / The dissertation analyzes political framing in the Bundestag plenary debates surrounding the introduction and abolition of the so-called "Praxisgebühr". Scholars use the framing-approach in a terminologically and methodologically inconsistent manner. From the fund of approaches, the dissertation develops an approach to political science questions. The research interest refers to dimensions of framing that have received little attention so far. In particular, the conflictual dimension of political framing. Frames are usually examined at isolated points in time and thus treated as static objects. Consequently, such an analytical approach fails to capture their strategic quality, which manifests itself in strategic alignments to the discourse environment. To analyze these adaptation processes, plenary debates provide a suitable setting. Here, speakers compete for an imaginary audience and framing strategies and their alignments can be identified over time. Furthermore, Bundestag debates around policy changes offer a new object of study. In particular, this study addresses two research gaps: Framing conflicts and the change of framing over time. The dissertation examines the framing strategies in the plenary debates from the passing of the health care reform of 2003 to the abolition of the "Praxisgebühr" in 2012. Fundamental values of the German health care system were renegotiated. In addition, limitations of services and higher burdens for patients and healthcare providers led to pressure to justify the reform. A manual dimension-reducing qualitative method was used to identify the different framing strategies. It allows tracing of the aspects of an issue, which were made salient by framing and which conflicts were expressed by that. The identified health care specific frames were subsequently abstracted into general frames. Thus, the dissertation provides a conceptual extension of the framing approach and an analysis of framing strategies in these debates.

The purpose of this study is to examine in which way two Swedish tabloid newspapers, Aftonbladet and Expressen, most commonly frame gambling in the news coverage on their websites in a time when research reveals that it has become increasingly harder to determine what is journalistic material and what is advertisement. At the same time, gambling companies have taken over a large part of the advertising space at Swedish tabloid websites. There has, in its extent, been done insufficient research within the journalistic field of news coverage when it comes to gambling and this study seeks to fill in some of the investigative blanks. In order to analyze how frames emerge from the news coverage we collected articles from a six-month period, as close to the initiation of the study as possible, by using eight different words or short phrases that led to the total empirical data of 302 news articles. Methodologically the study uses quantitative content analysis mainly based on the theory of framing. Furthermore, we also apply the theoretical aspects of agenda setting and news selection. The result clearly shows that the Swedish tabloid newspapers frame gambling in a positive and non-problematic way and there is a remarkable over representation of articles that are based on what we call “the happy winner frame”. In the conclusion we discuss both social and media related implications of the newspapers way of framing gambling in their online news coverage. We also offer a couple of propositions for future research within this field of medial science.

ABSTRACT Title:                         Lucrative deals How service offers and its clients is forms by Optional Framing                 Level:                       Bachelor, Business Administration Author:                     Gabriel Krogius, Mikaela Sörensen Supervisor:              Jonas Kågström, department of economics Date:                         2013, August Introduction:           That the human mind may be directed by how an offer is designed is not news. However, what is new in the following thesis is whether a person is affected in the case of a service rather than, as previously research, a physical product. Does a person find it harder to separate with something rather than to add an option? Aim:                          The aim for this thesis is to examine how Optional Framing has affection on service offerings/companies, and in this case on real estate brokerage services. Is it, as earlier, when the human can form her own offer, the final price ends up higher when she is about to add options than removing them? Method:                    The thesis emanates to achieve earlier results where the difference in this case is that our thesis is targeting service offerings. It applies through a positivistic deductive method. The empirical data is collected from a quantitative sample of survey answers, where one part of the groups is faced to remove options from a deluxe-offer and the other part of the group is about to add options to a standard-offer. The survey was created with episodic support from a sample of interviews with active real estate agents. Discussion:               The thesis shows that earlier results approve within service companies and its offers, in this case real estate brokerage. We can interpret that the human mind is directed through Optional Framing and that the deluxe-offer ends with a higher price and more options to it than the standard-offer. The correlation analysis shows us connection between some of the offers services that can benefit real estate brokerage in the future. Future research:     We hope that foundations have been created for future research that can lead on to further understanding about the customers view on real estate brokerage services and how to make them more attractive. Contribution:           Real estate brokerage can benefit from the results in this thesis where they further can implement the work from comparison of theory and empirical.  Key words:              Loss Aversion, The Endowment Effect, Status Quo Bias and also Framing/Optional Framing.

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 2004 / Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 186).

The purpose of this study is to explore how to make persuasive messages effective to sufficiently motivate individuals to form good security practice through two aspects - affect valence-based message and message framing effect. The two emotional appeals examined in this study include traditional fear appeals and humor appeals. Fear appeals, arousing people's fear to persuade them to take precautionary actions, are predominant in the literature of information security. By contrast, humorous messages have been found to induce positive affect, reduce negativity, and enhance message acceptance. In addition, messages can be illustrated in a broader context or can be presented with particular examples tailored to individuals' decision-making. The effects of these two ways - thematic and episodic frames - are also investigated in the fear and humor appeals. A multi-group experimental design is adopted to examine the hypotheses. 577 valid responses were collected from college students at Mississippi State University via a professional platform. Followed by a number of rigorous analysis, the results indicate that a humor appeal is more effective when framed in a thematic frame. Furthermore, issue relevance and gender difference are salient factors that can influence the interaction between affect valence and message frame. Additionally, both abstract and concrete fear appeals demonstrated a stronger impact than concrete humor appeals on individuals' intent to follow the positive security practice. However, there is no evidence that concrete fear appeals are more superior to abstract ones. It's not found that humor appeals are more effective than traditional fear appeals when promoting cybersecurity threats.

Problemformulering och syfte: Allmänheten har varken en positiv eller korrekt bild utav PR-branschen, branschens image är alltså inte den bästa. Studier på hur gestaltningen utav PR-yrkesrollen ser ut i film, visar en tvetydighet. Några resultat visar att de gestaltas negativt medan en annan påvisar en positiv gestaltning. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur PR-yrkesrollen gestaltas i amerikanska TV-serier. Metod och material: En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av fyra stycken amerikanska TV-seriers gestaltning av PR-yrkesrollen. Serierna var; Mad Men, The Crazy Ones, Scandal och House of Cards. Huvudresultat: PR-yrkesrollen gestaltas som en med hög professionaliseringsgrad men vi möttes av karaktärer med varierande typer av problematik.

The following thesis describes and analyses the representation of lung cancer in the Canadian print media. The thesis employs a theoretical framework comprised of Giddens’ theory of reflexivity and Goffman’s theory of framing, to understand the social dynamics of negotiation behind the disease’s portrayal in the media, in a late modern context. Late modernity was defined by institutional reflexivity and a focus on understanding and mitigating risk. The research was conducted through a content analysis and examined quantitative trends that contributed to a subsequent qualitative interpretation. The results show that the coverage of lung cancer decreased over time. The analysis shows a discourse of a biomedical institution that has unsuccessfully controlled the disease, a lack of patient advocacy, particularly among celebrities, and a continued conflation of smoking behaviour and lung cancer, all of which contributed to the decreasing coverage. The framing processes point to a society focused on understanding risk through studying the disease’s causes, as well as one concerned with legislative debate and behavioural prevention. The emergence of a frame focused on the patient’s lived experience might contribute to an improved representation of the disease.