Denna rapport täcker framtagandet av en prototyp för ett ramverk av soft front panels för testutrustning hos Saab Support and Services [1]. Prototypen ska användas av Saab i en utvärdering rörande en möjlig implementation och nyttan av ett sådant ramverk i Saabs befintliga system. Under framtagandet av prototypen har även en utredning rörande möjligheterna och problemen med att använda WiFi i känsliga miljöer utförts. Denna utredning är kopplad till prototypen i den mening att det finns ambition från Saab att använda liknande system trådlöst. Prototypen är även framtagen för att stödja WiFi som medel för kommunikation med den utrustning den är kopplad mot. Efter en utvärdering av olika ramverk valdes WPF som ramverk för framtagandet av prototypen. Programmeringen skedde i programmeringsspråket C# och XAML. Prototypen kopplades initialt upp mot simulerade instrument, för att ge ökad flexibilitet under utvecklingen. Den färdiga prototypen testades med faktiskt hårdvara tillsammans med simulerade PXI-moduler och uppvisade ett gott resultat. Fördjupningen angående användningen av WiFi i känsliga miljöer resulterade i ett antal förslag på åtgärder för att motverka störningar och signalläckage, så som användningen av WiFi-protokoll med höga frekvensband och ”defensive jamming”. / This report covers the creation of a prototype for a framework of soft front panels for test equipment at Saab Support and Services [1]. The prototype will be used by Saab in an evaluation regarding the possible implementation and benefits of such a framework in Saabs current system. During the creation of the prototype there has been an in-depth look at the possibilities and problems regarding the use of WiFi in sensitive environments. This in-depth look is tied to the prototype in such a way that there is an ambition at Saab of utilizing similar systems wirelessly. The prototype has been created in such a way that it supports WiFi as means of communication with the equipment it is connected to. After an evaluation of different frameworks WPF was chosen for the development of the prototype. The programming was done in the programming language C# and XAML. The prototype was initially connected to a set of simulated instruments, for increased flexibility during the development. The completed prototype was tested with actual hardware together with simulated PXI-modules and the results where satisfactory. The in-depth look regarding the use of WiFi in sensitive environments resulted in a number of suggestions for actions to counter interference and leakage of signals, such as the use of WiFi-protocols using a high frequency band and ”defensive jamming”.

A dor orofacial compreende todas as dores que envolvem os tecidos moles e mineralizados da cavidade oral e da face, pode ser referida na região da cabeça e/ou pescoço. A etiologia da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) é multifatorial, são distúrbios musculoesqueléticos que afetam o sistema estomatognático, os músculos mastigatórios e/ou estruturas associadas. Uma disfunção muito prevalente é a dor miofascial. O front-plateau é um dispositivo de resina acrílica instalado nos dentes superiores anteriores, que desoclui os dentes posteriores, proporcionando desprogramação neuromuscular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade eletromiográfica, o limiar de dor à pressão (LDP) dos músculos temporal e masseter, e a força de mordida molar máxima de participantes com dor miofascial, antes e após a instalação da placa anterior \"front-plateau\". As participantes foram recrutadas e atendidas na Clínica de Dor Orofacial do DAPE da FORP-USP. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 22 mulheres entre 20 e 60 anos. As participantes foram submetidas inicialmente aos exames de eletromiografia (EMG), eletromiógrafo MyoSystem-Br1, limiar de dor a pressão (LDP) algômetro Kratos® e foi aferida força de mordida molar máxima (FMM) por meio do dinamômetro Kratos® IDDK. Foram formados dois grupos, no grupo 1 (G1) 11 participantes usaram o front-plateau por sete dias, 16 horas nos três primeiros dias e por oito horas nos próximos quatro dias, sendo que o tratamento foi interrompido após este período. O grupo 2 (G2), com 11 participantes, iniciou o tratamento idem ao G1 e após sete dias continuaram usando o front-plateau por oito horas diárias por mais três semanas, totalizando 1 mês de uso. Após o tratamento, as participantes dos dois grupos foram novamente avaliadas quatro semanas após a primeira avaliação. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio do software R (R® Foundation for Statistical Computing, Áustria). Os valores reais ou transformados das variáveis foram comparados entre os tratamentos, dias de avaliação e sua interação pela Analise de Variância (ANOVA) em um delineamento interamente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo. Para as variáveis que apresentaram diferença estatística, as médias foram comparadas pelo pós-teste de Tukey (p<0,05) e os dados apresentados como a média ± o erro padrão (EP). Foi encontrado relevância estatística em todas as variáveis das análises feitas pelo algômetro durante a utilização do front-plateau, havendo diminuição da sensibilidade dolorosa e aumento do LDP em todos os músculos analisados. Não houve qualquer alteração estatisticamente significativa na FMM no período de utilização do front plateau. Na eletromiografia foi encontrados valores significativos nos padrões posturais de lateralidade direita (LD) e lateralidade esquerda (LE) e mastigação de uva-passa (MU) entre os grupos. Podemos concluir que durante o período de uso do front-plateau houve elevação do LDP (reduzindo a sensibilidade à dor) sendo que após a interrupção do tratamento essa variável retornou às condições iniciais; Na EMG foi observado diminuição do estímulo elétrico para padrões posturais de LD, LE e MU. Porém a FMM não foi modificada durante a utilização do dispositivo. / Orofacial pain comprises all pains involving the soft and mineralized tissues of the oral cavity and face, it can be felt in the region of the head and/or neck. The etiology of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is multifactorial. Its defined as musculoskeletal disorders that affect the stomatognathic system, the masticatory muscles and/or associated structures. A very prevalent dysfunction is myofascial pain. Front-plateau is an acrylic resin device installed in the anterior superior teeth, which separates the posterior teeth, providing neuromuscular deprogramming. The purpose of this study was to assess the electromyographic activity, the pain threshold at the temporal and masseter muscles, and the maximum molar bite strength of participants with myofascial pain, before and after the installation of the front-plateau. Participants were recruited and cared at the FORP-USP DAPE Orofacial Pain Clinic. Twenty two women between 20 and 60 years old were evaluated. The participants were initially submitted to electromyography (EMG) tests, MyoSystem-Br1 electromyograph, pressure pain threshold (PPT), Kratos® algometer, and maximal molar bite force (MMB), Kratos® IDDK dynamometer. Two groups were formed, in group 1 (G1) 11 participants used the front-plateau for seven days, 16 hours on the first three days and for eight hours on the next four days, and treatment was stopped after this period. Group 2 (G2), with 11 participants, started the treatment identical to G1 and after seven days they continued using the front-plateau for eight hours daily for another three weeks, totaling one month of use. After treatment, participants from both groups were reassessed four weeks after the first evaluation. The data were analyzed using R software (R® Foundation for Statistical Computing, Austria). The real or transformed values of the variables were compared between the treatments, evaluation days and their interaction by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in an inter randomized design with repeated measures in time. For the variables that presented statistical difference, the means were compared by Tukey\'s post-test (p <0.05) and the data presented as the mean ± standard error (SE). A statistically significant value was found in all the variables analyzed by the algometer. There was a decrease in pain sensitivity and an increase in the pressure pain threshold (PPT) in all muscles analyzed. There was no statistically significant change in the maximum bite force during the period of use of the front-plateau. In electromyography, significant values were found in the postural patterns of right laterality (RL) and left laterality (LL) and chewing of raisins (CR). We can conclude that during the period of use of the front-plateau there was elevation of the PPT (reducing the sensitivity to pain) returning to the initial conditions after removal of the device; It was observed a decrease in the electrical stimulus for postural patterns of RL, LL and CR. However, the MMB was not modified during the use of the device.

Pour comprendre les origines du système français de relations professionnelles, cette thèse revient sur l’un des épisodes majeurs de sa construction : la négociation des conventions collectives du Front populaire. Inscrite dans une perspective de moyenne durée allant du début du siècle jusqu’au vote de la loi de 1950, l’étude porte une attention particulière au contenu des conventions collectives, mais aussi aux pratiques des acteurs du système de relations industrielles. Enfin, elle adopte une perspective comparative, croisant l’étude de divers secteurs et de trois espaces : la Seine, le Nord et la région lyonnaise. En ce qu’il étend les conventions collectives à l’ensemble des secteurs, le Front populaire apparaît bien comme un moment fondateur. Mais les mutations à l’œuvre en 1936 sont également le produit d’un apprentissage qui révèle une implication précoce et croissante de l’Etat et des syndicats et d’une réflexion sur la réforme des relations professionnelles qui se noue autour du rapport Laroque en 1934. Trois registres s’en dégagent. La convention collective doit permettre d’établir un contrôle sur la gestion patronale de l’usine, d’organiser la profession, de pacifier et stabiliser les relations sociales. Loin de correspondre à ces attentes, les conventions du Front populaire sont avant tout des instruments de protection et de hiérarchisation des travailleurs. Toutefois, selon les secteurs, le sens accordé aux conventions collectives, leur contenu ne sont pas les mêmes, ce qui suggère l’importance des dynamiques sectorielles à l’œuvre dans la construction d’un modèle français de relations professionnelles. / To help understand the origins of the French system of industrial relations, this thesis focuses on one major phase of its building, namely the negotiation of collective agreements under the Popular Front. Covering a span of moderate length this study pays special attention not only to the content of collective agreements but also to the practices of parties in the industrial relations system. Last, it takes a comparative approach, cross-checking studies on several sectors in three major industrial areas: the Nord and Seine departments and the Lyon region. Inasmuch as it extends collective agreements to all sectors, the Popular Front must indeed be seen as a founding period. But structural shifts implemented in 1936 are also the result of a developing practice which testifies both that the Government and unions were involved quite early and ever more so, and that thorough consideration was given to ways of reforming industrial relations right after the Laroque report came out in 1934. Three aspects stand out: a collective agreement should permit to exercise control over the business management of a factory, to organize the profession, to pacify and stabilize labour relations. Far from achieving these aims, collective agreements brought into effect by the Popular Front were first and foremost devised to protect the workers and establish a hierarchy among them. Yet, depending on the sector, the meaning granted to these collective agreements and their content may vary, which suggests the important part sector dynamics play when it comes to building a French model of industrial relations.

This dissertation examines in detail, the organisation, training and operations of the 27th and 30th American Divisions during the period of Summer 1917 to the announcement of an armistice in November 1918. Particular emphasis is placed on the two divisions after they were attached to the II American Corps, especially their experience with the British Expeditionary Force in 1918, and the training received under the supervision of British officers. The II American Corps was unique in that it spent its entire service in France in the British sector. Originally it was composed of 10 divisions, but eight of these were removed by the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, Gen. John. J. Pershing. The divisions were transferred to the First American Army and operated entirely independent of II American Corps. The two American divisions that remained with the British, the 27th and 30th, relied heavily upon their coalition partners for advice in training, supplies, equipment, food and more importantly, tactical leadership. Although General Pershing forbade American divisions from being amalgamated into Allied armies, in reality, the 27th and 30th Divisions became part of the BEF, especially the Fourth Army during the final campaigns of the war. Despite its attachment to arguably the best fighting force on the Western Front in 1918, the II American Corps suffered heavy casualties during its limited operational experience and, in many ways, failed to take advantage of lessons learned by the British Army during its campaigns of 1916-1917. This dissertation concludes that the relationship between the two American divisions and their British ally was in the end result a success. By allowing the 27th and 30th Divisions to remain behind with the BEF, Pershing provided the British with more than 50,000 able American troops to use at the front. Thus the two allies became Brothers-in-Arms.

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo estudar a influência da consultoria em iniciativas de Fuzzy Front End (FFE). Para tanto, conceituam-se os principais constructos que sustentam a análise, quais sejam: FFE, Nebulosidade, Modelo de Gestão de FFE e Modelo de Tomada de Decisão. Com o intuito de entender melhor o fenômeno em questão, o FFE, avalia-se, através de revisão bibliográfica, quais sãos os principais elementos capacitadores em gestão de FFE para os processos de inovação de produtos em empresas. Nesse sentido, foi elaborado um modelo de gestão FFE, com base em modelo preexistente, aprimorado com modelos de tomada de decisão. Foram empregados a metodologia de Estudo de Caso e o método de Extended Case Method, aplicado a consultorias que executam iniciativas de FFE em empresas clientes. A questão de pesquisa a ser respondida foi: Qual a influência das consultorias em iniciativas de FFE de empresas clientes? Foi construído também um modelo de geração de ideia para entender a gênese do surgimento da ideia em iniciativas de FFE. Da mesma forma, foi realizado o mapeamento do FFE dentro da ciência da administração, mostrando que o FFE deve ser entendido como o motor de geração e seleção de ideias para quaisquer tipos de mudança, e, para isso, recorreu-se à Teoria da Decisão, a fim de fazer a integração do FFE com os demais temas de ciências. Como resultado, este trabalho traz uma visão do FFE, verificando a aplicabilidade prática dos elementos capacitadores levantados na revisão da literatura; um modelo de gestão da dinâmica de interação e geração de competência entre consultorias e empresas clientes; bem como o reconhecimento do valor gerado pelas consultorias em iniciativas de FFE. / The main objective of this work is to study the influence of consulting on Fuzzy Front End initiatives (FFE). For this, the main constructs that support the analysis are: FFE, Fuzziness, FFE Management Model, Decision Making Model and Consulting. In order to better understand the phenomenon in question, the FFE, it is evaluated, through a bibliographic review, which are the main enablers in FFE management for the processes of product innovation in companies. In this sense, an FFE management model was elaborated, based on a preexisting model, improved with decision-making models. We used the Case Study methodology and the Extended Case Method, applied to consultancies that execute FFE initiatives in client companies. The research question is: What is the influence of consulting companies in FFE of client\'s enterprises? A model of idea generation was also designed to understand the genesis of the idea\'s emergence in FFE initiatives. In the same way, the mapping of the FFE within the science of administration was carried out, showing that the FFE should be understood as the engine of generation and selection of ideas for any type of change, and for this, we used Decision Theory, In order to integrate the FFE with other science subjects. As a result, this work brings a complete view of the FFE, verifying the practical applicability of the enablers in the literature; A management model of interaction dynamics and competence generation between consultancies and client companies; as well as the recognition of the value generated by consultancies in FFE initiatives.

Assembling components in a production line could potentially be a tedious task, if performed stepwise by the book. However, an employee who is assembling many different products may not know all the steps by heart. As such they will be reliant on an instruction manual. However, an instruction manual must be carried around and, while assembling components, placed in the assembler's line of sight. Instead new technology could make the process more efficient. Google Glass places a display slightly above the user's line of sight and can be controlled via voice commands, and as such solves many of the problems associated with carrying around instruction manuals. This dissertation is an evaluation of Google Glass and describes the design, implementation and evaluation of an product assembly application for both Google Glass and smartphones. The smartphone version was implemented in order to provide a reference point as well as means of comparison with the Google Glass application. The test application used in the study was to read a QR code and download a set of assembly instructions. Testing was carried out on the different steps of the application, from when the QR code had been scanned until the information was displayed to the user. The results show that Google Glass is almost always slower, in all steps, compared to the smartphone equivalents. The conclusion is that Google must upgrade and improve on Google Glass and in particular the hardware. Google Glass overheats easily and the camera is of inferior quality. Google's implementation restrictions also limits what developers might be able to do with the device. However, Google Glass is easy to use and has potential to become a more useful device in the future. / Montering av komponenter i en produktionslinje kan potentiellt vara en tradig och mekanisk uppgift, om det utförs stegvis enligt instruktioner. En anställd som bygger många olika produkter kan dock eventuellt inte samtliga steg utantill, utan blir beroende av en bruksanvisning. En bruksanvisning måste dock bäras runt och, vid montering av komponenter, lämnad i monterarens siktlinje. Ny teknik skulle kunna göra processen mer effektiv. Google Glass heter den enhet som placerar en display något över användarens siktlinje och kan styras via röstkommandon, och löser således många av de problem som är förknippade med att bära runt en bruksanvisning. Denna uppsats är en utvärdering av Google Glass och beskriver utformning, implementering och utvärdering av en produktsammansättningsapplikation för både Google Glass och smarttelefoner. Smarttelefon-versionen implementerades i syfte att ge en referenspunkt samt medel för jämförelse med Google Glass applikationen. Test-applikationen som används i studien kan skanna en QR-kod och ladda ner en uppsättning monteringsanvisningar. Testning utfördes på de olika stegen i applikationen, från när QR-koden har skannats tills informationen visas för användaren. Resultaten visar att Google Glass nästan alltid är långsammare, i alla steg, jämfört med smarttelefon-ekvivalenter. Slutsatsen är att Google måste uppgradera och förbättra Google Glass, och särskilt hårdvaran. Google Glass överhettas lätt och kameran är av sämre kvalitet. Googles implementationsbegränsningar begränsar också vad utvecklarna skulle kunna göra med enheten. Google Glass är dock lätt att använda och har potential att bli en mer användbar enhet i framtiden.

Pour survivre sur le long terme, les entreprises dépendent des innovations discontinues. Ce type d’innovation est nourri dès le début du processus d’innovation (fuzzy front-end) par la créativité collective des employés répartis sur les entités internationales de l’entreprise. Le management se voit confronté à un défi important : comment faire innover des employés qui ne sont pas physiquement localisés au même endroit ? La présente recherche propose un levier novateur pour substituer l’espace physique entre les collaborateurs lors du fuzzy front-end. Le ProxIS-Télescope est une solution compacte pour les entreprises afin de rapprocher leurs salariés dans l’optique de générer des combinaisons inattendues de leurs connaissances. De plus, cette recherche montre que le véritable défi des entreprises n’est pas seulement l’extension internationale au niveau du fuzzy front-end, mais également le management d’une équipe croissante en termes de masse salariale. L’extension dynamique du ProxIS-modèle permet de l’adapter à tout type d’entreprise en fonction du nombre de personnes ainsi que du degré d’internationalisation de l’entreprise. / To assure their long term survival, organizations depend on discontinuous innovations. This type of innovation is nurtured by collective creativity between employees of an organization’s subsidiaries starting from the early phase of the innovation process (fuzzy front-end). Management faces an important challenge here: how to innovate if employees are not physically located at the same place? This research proposes an innovative approach to compensate geographic space at the fuzzy front-end. The resulting ProxIS-Telescope represents a compact solution for organizations in order to enhance the collaboration between employees independently of their location and to create unexpected combinations of knowledge. Furthermore, this research reveals that a crucial challenge for companies is not only the international expansion during the fuzzy front-end, but also the management of a growing workforce. The dynamic extension of the ProxIS-model proposes thus appropriate solutions for each organizational type depending on the number of actors and the international dimension during the fuzzy front-end.

The aim of the thesis is to create a comprehensive material that covers the basic knowledge of theory and practices necessary to understand the whole complexity of the Responsive Web Design (RWD). This thesis first focuses on the RWD origin and its two approaches. Furthermore, the work deals with technical solutions of the RWD and technologies that enabled its creation or were found useful for it. This part also mentions tools which simplify the work with given technologies. The next part is devoted to Responsive CSS Frameworks as being the base for creating responsive websites and shows layout examples where two different approaches and frameworks were used. At last an issue of testing responsive websites is discussed.

L’étendue hivernale de la banquise en mer de Barents n’a cessé de diminuer, et un certain nombre d’études suggèrent que cette diminution pourrait coïncider avec des hivers très froids en Europe et Asie. L’eau Atlantique (AW) transportée vers la mer de Barents, se réchauffe. En mer de Barents, l’AW se transforme en Barents Sea Water (BSW), plus froide et moins salée. Etudier cette dernière nous permet d’en savoir plus sur l’influence de la saisonnalité de la banquise Arctique sur la stratification et la circulation de l’océan.Tout d’abord, nous utilisons des observations satellites pour localiser le Front Polaire (PF) qui matérialise la limite entre la BSW et l’eau Arctique. Nous établissons que l’étendue de la banquise était indépendante du PF jusqu’au milieu des années 2000, jusqu’à ce que le réchauffement de l’AW commence à limiter l’extension de la banquise hivernale au sud du front. Ensuite, en combinant données satellites et in situ, nous montrons que l’on peut surveiller ‘à distance’ les propriétés de la BSW : les variations de la température de surface de l’océan sont ainsi corrélées à celles du contenu en chaleur de la mer de Barents qui, associées à celles de la hauteur stérique, permettent également d’estimer son contenu en eau douce.Pour finir, nous utilisons un modèle à haute résolution pour calculer les bilans de volume, transport et flux des masses d’eau. Le volume de la BSW atteint un minimum en 1990 et 2004 : l’étendue de glace de mer hivernale ayant fondue l’été suivant était alors conséquente, résultant notamment d’une masse d’AW plus froide. L’événement de 2004 a permis une entrée massive d’AW, de plus en plus chaude, dans la mer de Barents. / Winter sea ice has declined in the Barents Sea and there is growing evidence that the low sea ice here coincides with cold, winter surface air temperature in Europe and Asia. Atlantic Water (AW) transported into the Barents Sea is warming and its temperature variability is correlated with variability in sea ice extent. As AW extends into the Barents Sea it is modified into a cooler, fresher water mass called BarentsSea Water (BSW). There are limited observations of BSW despite its importance in the Arctic Ocean system, leading to the question, how does the seasonal sea ice impact ocean stratification and mean flow?First, satellite observations are used to find the Polar Front, a water mass boundary between BSW and fresher Arctic Water to the north. The sea ice extent was found to be independent of the Polar Front until the mid-2000s when warming AW prevented the extension of winter sea ice south of the front.Second, by combining satellite and in situ data, it is shown that sea surface temperature can approximate heat content in the Barents Sea. Using heat content with satellite steric height, freshwater content can also be estimated, showing the potential for remote monitoring of BSW properties.Third, a high-resolution model is used to calculate the volume, transport and flux budgets within the AW and BSW domain south of the Polar Front. The model shows BSW volume minimum years in 1990 and2004. Both events were preceded by extensive winter sea ice and substantial summer sea ice melt, a result of preceding, cool AW. The event in 2004 was more extreme and allowed warming AW a greater volume in the Barents Sea.

This thesis deals with construction proposal of front axle consoles for tractor Zetor Forterra. The aim of this work is to design and construct the 3D console model, which will be put through a solidity analysis. Based on this analysis the console will be optimized according to the solidity needs. The model proposal is realized in the software Pro/Engineer. Following strength calculations are realized in the software Pro/Mechanica.