Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O consumo de frutas e hortaliças (F&H) tem sido incentivado em vários países como medida de prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, sendo a escola um espaço privilegiado para a promoção do consumo desses alimentos. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção de promoção de F&H sobre o consumo desses alimentos por alunos e professores de escolas públicas do município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de estudo de avaliação do tipo antes e depois, realizado com turmas de primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental em oito unidades públicas municipais situadas em territórios cobertos pela Estratégia da Saúde da Família. No diagnóstico pré-intervenção foram registradas as atividades de promoção da alimentação saudável desenvolvidas nas escolas e o consumo usual de F&H pelos professores. Foram também observados o ambiente escolar e o consumo, pelos alunos, das F&H oferecidas pelo Programa de Alimentação Escolar. A intervenção abarcou um curso de formação para professores e merendeiras sobre promoção da alimentação saudável, com ênfase na promoção de F&H; distribuição de materiais educativos e realização de eventos de mobilização. No diagnóstico pós-intervenção, foram incluídas questões referentes às estratégias da intervenção. Foram criados indicadores de cobertura da atividade e intensidade de exposição à intervenção, de síntese do nível de implementação da intervenção, de adesão à alimentação escolar, aceitação e consumo de F&H pelos alunos e do consumo de F&H pelos professores, e, também, indicadores de variação da aceitação (alunos) e do consumo (alunos e professores) de F&H. As variações observadas foram testadas estatisticamente por meio do teste t-Student pareado (no caso de médias) ou do Qui Quadrado de McNemar (no caso de proporções). A eventual influência do nível de implementação da intervenção sobre a variação do consumo e aceitação de F&H foi examinada por meio de modelos de regressão linear ou logística, dependendo do tipo de desfecho. Foram observados índices altos de aceitação de F&H entre alunos e de consumo de F&H entre alunos e professores no diagnóstico inicial. A intervenção alcançou 52,7% de implementação, tendo sido bem avaliada entre os professores. Nenhuma variação estatisticamente significativa foi observada após a intervenção tanto em relação à aceitação quanto em relação ao consumo de F&H. Foram observados resultados estatisticamente significativos somente para a associação positiva entre o nível de exposição à intervenção e a aceitação de hortaliças pelos alunos. A intervenção proposta alcançou nível intermediário de implementação e os resultados alcançados foram modestos em termos de variação do consumo de F&H por alunos e professores. / The consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) has been encouraged in several countries as a measure of preventing chronic diseases being the school a privileged space for the promotion of these foods. This study aims to evaluate the impact of an intervention focused on the promotion of F&V on the consumption of these foods among students and teachers of public schools in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. This was a before-and-after evaluation study that involved students enrolled in the first cycle of primary schools in eight municipal units located in territories covered by the Family Health Strategy. In the baseline schools activities on healthy diet promotion and teacherss usual F&V intake were registered. The school environment and the students consumption of F&V delivered by the School Feeding Program were also observed. The intervention included a training course for teachers and schools cooks to promote healthy diet, with emphasis on F&V promotion; distribution of educational materials and carrying out mobilization events. Questions related to the intervention strategies intervention assessment were included in the pos-intervention assessment. Indicators of coverage of the activities, of intensity of exposure to the intervention, of adherence to school food program, of F&V acceptance and consumption by the students and F&V consumption by teachers, of variation in F&H acceptance (students) and consumption (students and teachers) as well as indicators that synthesized the delivery of the intervention were created. The observed variations were statistically tested using the paired Student t test (for means) or chi square McNemar (for proportions). The possible influence of the level of implementation of the intervention on the F&V acceptance and consumption was examined by using linear regression or logistic regression models, depending on the outcome. High levels of F&V acceptance among students and F&V consumption among students and teachers at the initial diagnosis have been observed. The intervention reached 52,7% of implementation, being well evaluated among teachers. No statistically significant variation was observed after the intervention for both F&V acceptance and consumption. Significant results were observed only for the positive association between level of exposure to the intervention and vegetable acceptance by students. The proposed intervention achieved an intermediate level of implementation and the results were modest in terms of variation of F&V consumption among students and teachers.

Objetivo. Avaliar o impacto de ações para promoção do consumo de frutas e hortaliças (FH) no ambiente de trabalho. Método. Estudo de intervenção tipo antes e depois não randomizado com grupo controle histórico, realizado em empresa do ramo da pesquisa científica. A população de estudo consistiu em funcionários que almoçaram no restaurante da empresa nos dias do estudo. No diagnóstico inicial, foram coletados dados de caracterização da empresa estudada e da empresa fornecedora de refeições, caracterização sociodemográfica e consumo de FH pelos indivíduos estudados e sua opinião sobre temas ligados a FH. Foi também realizado grupo focal com formadores de opinião da empresa, a fim de conhecer os determinantes do seu consumo de FH com vistas a subsidiar a construção de estratégias para sua promoção. A intervenção durou oito meses, sendo composta por duas vertentes: ambiental (refeitório da empresa) e educativa (dirigida aos indivíduos). Na primeira, investiu-se na sensibilização do proprietário da empresa concessionária e da responsável técnica para a importância da promoção de FH e em contatos regulares com ela a fim subsidiá-la para a oferta de FH no refeitório. Na segunda, foram realizadas atividades presenciais, distribuídos materiais educativos e desenvolvidas ações de comunicação eletrônica. No diagnóstico final, além do consumo de FH pelos funcionários, foram registrados o nível de exposição dos funcionários à intervenção e suas impressões sobre modificações no restaurante da empresa no tocante à oferta de FH. A análise do impacto da intervenção consistiu no exame da relevância da diferença observada entre proporções ou médias obtidas antes e depois da intervenção. A associação entre intervenção e desfechos foi examinada por meio de modelos de regressão múltipla controlando-se para a situação de consumo inicial e para fatores sociodemográficos dos indivíduos. Resultados. Foram estudados 61 indivíduos. A média de cobertura das atividades e materiais educativos foi de 63,5%, sendo esses avaliados positivamente por 98% dos funcionários. Cerca de 2/3 dos funcionários perceberam mudanças em pelo menos dois aspectos referentes a variedade e aparência das preparações. Do total, 88,6% confiavam na higiene desses alimentos no momento pós intervenção contra 56,9% no momento pré intervenção. Houve um aumento de 53,6g (38%) no consumo de FH no almoço realizado no ambiente de trabalho. Houve também aumento no consumo regular de verduras (de 47,5 para 72,1%), e no número médio de dias de consumo de verduras (de 4,4 para 5,6 dias). Foi observada associação entre aumento do consumo de FH e mudança positiva na confiança em relação à higiene dos alimentos oferecidos crus; aumento do consumo de hortaliças e mudança positiva na confiança em relação à higiene dos alimentos oferecidos crus e nível de exposição à vertente educativa da intervenção; e aumento na média de dias de consumo de legumes e percepção de mudanças positivas na variedade e na apresentação das preparações com FH. Conclusão. Houve um aumento no consumo de FH entre funcionários expostos à intervenção. Seu desenho multicomponente parece ter contribuído para os achados do estudo. / Objective. To assess the impact of actions to promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) in the workplace. Method. Non-randomized before and after intervention study with historical control group, in a public company directed to scientific research. The study population were employees who had lunch in the restaurant of the company in the days of the study. At the pre-intervention survey, data about both the company studied (A) and the one responsible for supplying meals (B), sociodemographic characteristics and FV consumption of subjects studied, and their opinions on topics related to FV were collected. It was also conducted a focus group with opinion makers of the company in order to identify the determinants of their FV consumption aiming to subsidize the construction of strategies for FV promotion. The intervention lasted for eight months and was composed by two lines: environmental (restaurant) and education (directed to individuals). At the first one, activies were developed to sensitize the B‟s manager and nutritionist about the importance of promoting FV and regular contacts were made to subsidize her to offer FV in the restaurant. At the second one, presential activities were performed, materials were distributed and electronic communication strategies were developed. At the pos-intervention survey, besides FV consumption by employees, the level of exposure to the intervention and their opinion about changes in the restaurant in terms of FV supply were recorded. The analysis of the impact of the intervention consisted in the exam of the relevance of the difference between proportions or means obtained before and after the intervention. The association between intervention and outcomes was examined by multiple regression models controlling for the initial FV intake and individuals‟ sociodemographic factors. Results. We studied 61 individuals. The average coverage of activities and educational materials was 63.5%. Nearly 2/3 of employees noticed a change in at least two aspects related to appearance and variety of preparations. At the second survey, 88.6% of the employees trusted in the hygiene of raw FV comparing to 56.9% in the first survey. There was an increase of 53.6 g (38%) in the consumption of FV at lunch. The regular consumption of vegetables increased from 47.5 to 72.1%, and the average number of days of consumption of vegetables increased from 4.4 to 5.6 days. It was found association between the increase in the consumption of FV and positive change in confidence in the hygiene of raw FV; incresase in consumption of vegetables and both positive change in confidence in the hygiene of raw FV and level of exposure to the educational aspect of the intervention, and increase in the average days of consumption of vegetables and perceived positive changes in the variety and presentation of preparations with FV. Conclusion. There was an increase in consumption of FV among employees exposed to the intervention. Its multicomponent design seems to have contributed to the study's findings.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O consumo de frutas e hortaliças (F&H) tem sido incentivado em vários países como medida de prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, sendo a escola um espaço privilegiado para a promoção do consumo desses alimentos. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção de promoção de F&H sobre o consumo desses alimentos por alunos e professores de escolas públicas do município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de estudo de avaliação do tipo antes e depois, realizado com turmas de primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental em oito unidades públicas municipais situadas em territórios cobertos pela Estratégia da Saúde da Família. No diagnóstico pré-intervenção foram registradas as atividades de promoção da alimentação saudável desenvolvidas nas escolas e o consumo usual de F&H pelos professores. Foram também observados o ambiente escolar e o consumo, pelos alunos, das F&H oferecidas pelo Programa de Alimentação Escolar. A intervenção abarcou um curso de formação para professores e merendeiras sobre promoção da alimentação saudável, com ênfase na promoção de F&H; distribuição de materiais educativos e realização de eventos de mobilização. No diagnóstico pós-intervenção, foram incluídas questões referentes às estratégias da intervenção. Foram criados indicadores de cobertura da atividade e intensidade de exposição à intervenção, de síntese do nível de implementação da intervenção, de adesão à alimentação escolar, aceitação e consumo de F&H pelos alunos e do consumo de F&H pelos professores, e, também, indicadores de variação da aceitação (alunos) e do consumo (alunos e professores) de F&H. As variações observadas foram testadas estatisticamente por meio do teste t-Student pareado (no caso de médias) ou do Qui Quadrado de McNemar (no caso de proporções). A eventual influência do nível de implementação da intervenção sobre a variação do consumo e aceitação de F&H foi examinada por meio de modelos de regressão linear ou logística, dependendo do tipo de desfecho. Foram observados índices altos de aceitação de F&H entre alunos e de consumo de F&H entre alunos e professores no diagnóstico inicial. A intervenção alcançou 52,7% de implementação, tendo sido bem avaliada entre os professores. Nenhuma variação estatisticamente significativa foi observada após a intervenção tanto em relação à aceitação quanto em relação ao consumo de F&H. Foram observados resultados estatisticamente significativos somente para a associação positiva entre o nível de exposição à intervenção e a aceitação de hortaliças pelos alunos. A intervenção proposta alcançou nível intermediário de implementação e os resultados alcançados foram modestos em termos de variação do consumo de F&H por alunos e professores. / The consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) has been encouraged in several countries as a measure of preventing chronic diseases being the school a privileged space for the promotion of these foods. This study aims to evaluate the impact of an intervention focused on the promotion of F&V on the consumption of these foods among students and teachers of public schools in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. This was a before-and-after evaluation study that involved students enrolled in the first cycle of primary schools in eight municipal units located in territories covered by the Family Health Strategy. In the baseline schools activities on healthy diet promotion and teacherss usual F&V intake were registered. The school environment and the students consumption of F&V delivered by the School Feeding Program were also observed. The intervention included a training course for teachers and schools cooks to promote healthy diet, with emphasis on F&V promotion; distribution of educational materials and carrying out mobilization events. Questions related to the intervention strategies intervention assessment were included in the pos-intervention assessment. Indicators of coverage of the activities, of intensity of exposure to the intervention, of adherence to school food program, of F&V acceptance and consumption by the students and F&V consumption by teachers, of variation in F&H acceptance (students) and consumption (students and teachers) as well as indicators that synthesized the delivery of the intervention were created. The observed variations were statistically tested using the paired Student t test (for means) or chi square McNemar (for proportions). The possible influence of the level of implementation of the intervention on the F&V acceptance and consumption was examined by using linear regression or logistic regression models, depending on the outcome. High levels of F&V acceptance among students and F&V consumption among students and teachers at the initial diagnosis have been observed. The intervention reached 52,7% of implementation, being well evaluated among teachers. No statistically significant variation was observed after the intervention for both F&V acceptance and consumption. Significant results were observed only for the positive association between level of exposure to the intervention and vegetable acceptance by students. The proposed intervention achieved an intermediate level of implementation and the results were modest in terms of variation of F&V consumption among students and teachers.

Objetivo. Avaliar o impacto de ações para promoção do consumo de frutas e hortaliças (FH) no ambiente de trabalho. Método. Estudo de intervenção tipo antes e depois não randomizado com grupo controle histórico, realizado em empresa do ramo da pesquisa científica. A população de estudo consistiu em funcionários que almoçaram no restaurante da empresa nos dias do estudo. No diagnóstico inicial, foram coletados dados de caracterização da empresa estudada e da empresa fornecedora de refeições, caracterização sociodemográfica e consumo de FH pelos indivíduos estudados e sua opinião sobre temas ligados a FH. Foi também realizado grupo focal com formadores de opinião da empresa, a fim de conhecer os determinantes do seu consumo de FH com vistas a subsidiar a construção de estratégias para sua promoção. A intervenção durou oito meses, sendo composta por duas vertentes: ambiental (refeitório da empresa) e educativa (dirigida aos indivíduos). Na primeira, investiu-se na sensibilização do proprietário da empresa concessionária e da responsável técnica para a importância da promoção de FH e em contatos regulares com ela a fim subsidiá-la para a oferta de FH no refeitório. Na segunda, foram realizadas atividades presenciais, distribuídos materiais educativos e desenvolvidas ações de comunicação eletrônica. No diagnóstico final, além do consumo de FH pelos funcionários, foram registrados o nível de exposição dos funcionários à intervenção e suas impressões sobre modificações no restaurante da empresa no tocante à oferta de FH. A análise do impacto da intervenção consistiu no exame da relevância da diferença observada entre proporções ou médias obtidas antes e depois da intervenção. A associação entre intervenção e desfechos foi examinada por meio de modelos de regressão múltipla controlando-se para a situação de consumo inicial e para fatores sociodemográficos dos indivíduos. Resultados. Foram estudados 61 indivíduos. A média de cobertura das atividades e materiais educativos foi de 63,5%, sendo esses avaliados positivamente por 98% dos funcionários. Cerca de 2/3 dos funcionários perceberam mudanças em pelo menos dois aspectos referentes a variedade e aparência das preparações. Do total, 88,6% confiavam na higiene desses alimentos no momento pós intervenção contra 56,9% no momento pré intervenção. Houve um aumento de 53,6g (38%) no consumo de FH no almoço realizado no ambiente de trabalho. Houve também aumento no consumo regular de verduras (de 47,5 para 72,1%), e no número médio de dias de consumo de verduras (de 4,4 para 5,6 dias). Foi observada associação entre aumento do consumo de FH e mudança positiva na confiança em relação à higiene dos alimentos oferecidos crus; aumento do consumo de hortaliças e mudança positiva na confiança em relação à higiene dos alimentos oferecidos crus e nível de exposição à vertente educativa da intervenção; e aumento na média de dias de consumo de legumes e percepção de mudanças positivas na variedade e na apresentação das preparações com FH. Conclusão. Houve um aumento no consumo de FH entre funcionários expostos à intervenção. Seu desenho multicomponente parece ter contribuído para os achados do estudo. / Objective. To assess the impact of actions to promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) in the workplace. Method. Non-randomized before and after intervention study with historical control group, in a public company directed to scientific research. The study population were employees who had lunch in the restaurant of the company in the days of the study. At the pre-intervention survey, data about both the company studied (A) and the one responsible for supplying meals (B), sociodemographic characteristics and FV consumption of subjects studied, and their opinions on topics related to FV were collected. It was also conducted a focus group with opinion makers of the company in order to identify the determinants of their FV consumption aiming to subsidize the construction of strategies for FV promotion. The intervention lasted for eight months and was composed by two lines: environmental (restaurant) and education (directed to individuals). At the first one, activies were developed to sensitize the B‟s manager and nutritionist about the importance of promoting FV and regular contacts were made to subsidize her to offer FV in the restaurant. At the second one, presential activities were performed, materials were distributed and electronic communication strategies were developed. At the pos-intervention survey, besides FV consumption by employees, the level of exposure to the intervention and their opinion about changes in the restaurant in terms of FV supply were recorded. The analysis of the impact of the intervention consisted in the exam of the relevance of the difference between proportions or means obtained before and after the intervention. The association between intervention and outcomes was examined by multiple regression models controlling for the initial FV intake and individuals‟ sociodemographic factors. Results. We studied 61 individuals. The average coverage of activities and educational materials was 63.5%. Nearly 2/3 of employees noticed a change in at least two aspects related to appearance and variety of preparations. At the second survey, 88.6% of the employees trusted in the hygiene of raw FV comparing to 56.9% in the first survey. There was an increase of 53.6 g (38%) in the consumption of FV at lunch. The regular consumption of vegetables increased from 47.5 to 72.1%, and the average number of days of consumption of vegetables increased from 4.4 to 5.6 days. It was found association between the increase in the consumption of FV and positive change in confidence in the hygiene of raw FV; incresase in consumption of vegetables and both positive change in confidence in the hygiene of raw FV and level of exposure to the educational aspect of the intervention, and increase in the average days of consumption of vegetables and perceived positive changes in the variety and presentation of preparations with FV. Conclusion. There was an increase in consumption of FV among employees exposed to the intervention. Its multicomponent design seems to have contributed to the study's findings.

Individuals who are disadvantaged by low-income and/ or minority status face a number of barriers to experiencing optimal health and eating well. Twenty Aboriginal and 29 non-Aboriginal participants (N = 49) from Ottawa, Canada took part in a cross-sectional, mixed methods study and completed one questionnaire and single in-depth interview that verified: 1) food security status and household eating habits, 2) fruit and vegetable purchase and consumption, and 3) knowledge about or participation in the Good Food Box [GFB] Program. Ottawa GFB staff (n = 5), site coordinators (n = 6) and steering committee members (n = 3) took part in separate discussion groups to identify challenges and strengths related to program coordination, management and delivery. Within an ecological framework, qualitative data is discussed using a social phenomenological and thematic approach. Using χ2 analyses, results suggest a medium effect size and association between food security status and Aboriginal identity (χ2(1) = 8.04, p < 0.01; φ = 0.4) and satisfaction with how stores meet household food needs and gender (χ2(1) = 5.86, p < 0.05; φ = 0.36). A relationship between participation in the GFB Program and food security status (χ2(1) = 11.13, p < 0.01; φ = 0.48) is also shown where estimates suggest that GFB customers are 9.9 times more likely to be food secure compared to non-affiliates. ANOVA results and post-hoc tests demonstrate a significant mean difference in frequency of fruit consumption between GFB customers and non-program users (F(2, 46) = 11.29, p = 0.00) where 29.6% of the variance (ω2 = 0.296) is explained by program participation. Results-based and community-driven recommendations to improve access to healthy food, food security and the GFB Program are discussed as shared responsibilities between different levels of government across sectors and the community since these are public and social health issues, determinants of health and economic concerns. Implications of findings are also discussed.

A global crisis struck the world in the shape of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020. As a result, supermarkets have experienced panic buying behaviors, empty store shelves, out of stocks, and a large increase in online sales. Supermarkets, producers, marketers, and businesses have had to adapt to consumers' changed buying behavior in food consumption. In previous research, it has been found that price and quality are two of the most influential factors in the consumer decision- process, in particular, increased price sensitivity and perceived quality of food products concerns consumers in crisis situations. The aim of this study was to research beyond panic buying behaviors, by investigating if consumer buying behavior has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding price sensitivity and perceived quality within two specific food categories, meat as well as fruits and vegetables. In addition, a moderating effect of residency in either Austria or Sweden was tested. A quantitative method has been used, in which consumers in Austria and Sweden were surveyed in an online questionnaire. 169 responses from consumers were analyzed. The result suggests that the buying behavior in regard to price sensitivity and perceived quality of meat, fruits, and vegetables has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. No moderating effect of residency was found. The findings in the study create a foundation in a unique crisis situation that has never been studied before and the exploratory nature of the study gives multiple indicators for future research.

Suicide is among the leading cause of adolescent deaths worldwide and thus a significant public health concern. Risk factors for suicidal behavior include drinking alcohol, smoking, and engaging in risky sexual behaviors. One area of concern is dietary patterns and their association with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes the assumption that one can perform specific actions to bring about desired outcomes. The primary research questions for this quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional study concerned whether there is a statistically significant interaction between fruit and vegetable intake and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts. Data from 71,776 adolescents in the Centers for Disease Control's Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance Survey were analyzed using complex samples binominal logistic regression. The dependent variable was suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, and the independent variable was intake of fruits and vegetables. Suicidal ideation was significantly, positively correlated with fruit and vegetable intake. Even after controlling for age, sex, race, and depression, there was a significant, positive correlation with fruit and vegetable intake. Suicide attempt was significantly, positively correlated with fruit and vegetable intake even after controlling for age, sex, race, and depression. Although the results of this study were contrary to previous findings, these results do support the claim that sugary foods and fast foods have a dopaminergic 'reward effect'. The findings may foster positive social change by identifying the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts in adolescents.

La creciente demanda en la coyuntura actual del Covid-19 por productos de primera necesidad ha ocasionado que diversas empresas opten por desarrollar nuevas propuestas para satisfacer dicha demanda, puesto que los consumidores tienen temor a salir a comprar dichos productos, por lo que optan por solicitar entregas hasta la puerta de su hogar. Por ello, se ha desarrollado una línea de canasta de frutas y de verduras para satisfacer la creciente demanda actual. Cabe mencionar que, en el mercado actual existe la venta de frutas y verduras, sin embargo, lo que ofrece “La Caperucita” como empresa, es la calidad y entrega a la puerta del hogar del cliente de manera segura y con los requerimientos de salubridad que el Estado Peruano establece. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo con metodología mixta, es decir, tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa, tiene como objetivo conocer la viabilidad del proyecto “La Caperucita”. proyecto analiza en primer lugar, el BMC, en donde establece los aspectos fundamentales del negocio se analizan las necesidades y el perfil del consumidor, además, analiza la competencia e incluso factores externos para luego pasar a un análisis interno en donde evalúa con la investigación de mercados hipótesis que validen la idea del negocio. Una vez realizadas y validadas dichas hipótesis se procede a realizar proyecciones de ventas y planes tanto estratégicos, responsabilidad social, recursos humanos, marketing como financiero, financiamiento y valorización del proyecto. / The growing demand in the current situation of the Covid-19 for necessities has caused various companies to choose to develop new proposals to satisfy said demand since consumers are afraid to go out and buy these products, so they choose to request delivery to the door of your home. For this reason, a line of fruit and vegetable baskets has been developed to meet the current growing demand. It is worth mentioning that, in the current market there is the sale of fruits and vegetables, however, what “La Caperucita” offers as a company is the quality and delivery to the client's home door safely and with sanitation requirements that the Peruvian State establishes. Therefore, the present work with a mixed methodology, that is, both quantitative and qualitative, aims to determine the viability of the “La Caperucita” project. The project first analyzes the BMC, where it establishes the fundamental aspects of the business, the needs, and profile of the consumer are analyzed, and it also analyzes the competition and even external factors and then goes on to an internal analysis where it evaluates with the investigation. Of hypothetical markets that validate the business idea. Once these hypotheses have been made and validated, sales projections and plans are carried out, both strategic, social responsibility, human resources, marketing and financial, financing, and valuation of the project. / Trabajo de investigación

Introdução: O atual estilo de vida traz consequências negativas no que se refere aos padrões dietéticos, nível de atividade física (AF), uso de tabaco e estresse psicossocial, os quais predispõem ao aumento de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis. Dieta rica em frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) pode atenuar os efeitos sobre o risco cardiometabólico, havendo evidências consistentes de benefícios na prevenção da obesidade, dislipidemia e diabetes tipo 2. O consumo de FLV, fontes de vitaminas e minerais essenciais para a homeostase corporal está aquém do desejado. Estes alimentos contribuem para um perfil cardiometabólico favorável, atenuando o estresse oxidativo, inflamação e resistência à insulina. Objetivo: Este estudo analisou a associação entre o consumo FLV e de certos micronutrientes com marcadores do estado oxidativo, inflamatório e de resistência à insulina em indivíduos de risco cardiometabólico. Métodos:Nesta análise transversal foram incluídos 205 participantes (65 por cento mulheres; média de idade de 54,1 anos) do Estudo de Prevenção de Diabetes do CS-Escola da FSP-USP, com pré-diabetes ou de síndrome metabólica sem diabetes. Foram submetidos a questionários e coletas de sangue. Entre as dosagens, a superóxido dismutase (SOD) e a LDL oxidada (LDLox) serviram para indicar o estado anti/pró-oxidativo. O nível de AF foi medido pela versão longa do IPAQ. Três recordatórios alimentares de 24h foram empregados para cálculo da ingestão de micronutrientes e de FLV. Três categorias de consumo de FLV consumidas foram criadas considerando-se a recomendação internacional e a ingestão de micronutrientes estratificada segundo tercis de consumo, analisados por ANOVA. Coeficiente de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla foram também empregados. Resultados: Os participantes consumiram uma média de 1800 kcal/dia e 3,7 porções/1000 kcal de FLV. Ao longo das categorias de ingestão de FLV, os valores médios de circunferência da cintura (p=0,06) e pressão arterial diastólica (p=0,05) tenderam a diminuir e adiponectina (p=0,05) a aumentar. Indivíduos no tercil mais alto de ingestão de zinco apresentaram valores mais baixos de massa gorda e HOMA-IR, enquanto as concentrações de PCR foram marginalmente significantes (p=0,06). O HOMA-IR associou-se inversamente com ingestão de zinco e magnésio em todos os modelos. Associações diretas foram encontradas entre as concentrações de SOD com ingestão de FLV, bem como de magnésio em modelos ajustados. A concentração de LDLox se associou inversamente a ingestões de magnésio, vitaminas C e E em modelos ajustados. Resultados similares foram encontrados entre a concentração de LDLox e FLV, mas perdeu a significância após ajustes. Associação direta entre LDLox e ingestão de selênio manteve-se nos modelos ajustados. Conclusão: Nosso estudo sugere que a análise do consumo de FLV e/ou de certas vitaminas e minerais, ainda que estejam abaixo dos níveis recomendados, pode ser útil para identificar estresse oxidativo e resistência à insulina. / Introduction: Current lifestyle has deleterious consequences in dietary habits, physical activity, smoking and psychosocial stress, which have predisposed to non-communicable chronic diseases. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables can attenuate the effects on cardiometabolic risk, and there is consistent evidence of its benefit on the prevention of obesity, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Worldwide the consumption of fruits and vegetables, sources of vitamins and minerals, which are essential for body homeostasis, is low. These foods contribute to a favorable cardiometabolic profile, attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance. Objective: Associations between the consumption of certain micronutrients and fruits and vegetables with markers of oxidative status, inflammation and insulin resistance were examined in individuals at cardiometabolic risk. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 205 participants (65 per cent women, mean age 54.1 years) with pre-diabetes or with metabolic syndrome without diabetes of the Diabetes Prevention Study of the FSP-USP Health Care Unit. They were submitted to questionaires blood collection. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) were used to indicate the oxidative status. The physical activity level was measured by the long version of IPAQ. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were used to calculate intake of micronutrients and of fruits and vegetables. Three categories of fruits and vegetables consumption were created taking into consideration international recommendations, and micronutrient intake were grouped according tertiles of consumption, these categories analyzed by ANOVA. Pearsons correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were used. Results: Participants consumed a mean of 1,800 kcal per day and 3.7/1000 kcal servings of fruit and vegetables. Mean values of waist circumference (p=0.06) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.05) tended to decrease, and adiponectin (p=0.05) to increase across the categories of fruits and vegetables intake. Individuals in the highest tertile of zinc intake showed lower values of fat mass and HOMA-IR, while CRP concentrations were marginally significant (p=0.06). HOMA-IR was inversely associated with zinc and magnesium intakes in all the models. Direct associations were found between SOD concentrations and fruits and vegetables as well as magnesium intakes in adjusted models, while oxLDL concentration was inversely associated with magnesium, vitamin C and E intakes. Similar results were found between oxLDL concentration and fruits and vegetables intake but significance disappeared after adjustments. A direct association between oxLDL and selenium intake was detected after multiple adjustments. Conclusion: Our study suggest that fruits and vegetables and/or selected vitamins and minerals intakes albeit below recommended levels may be useful to identifying oxidative stress and insulin resistance.

The aim of this work is to find out the attitudes of Czech consumers to the quality of fruit and vegetables on the Czech market. The quality of fruit and vegetables in sales formats is also investigated. The theoretical part includes general characteristics of fruits and vegetables, conventional and organic farming and other certification systems, production and consumption of fruit and vegetables and foreign trade. The work describes the quality of food and organic food, the quality of freshness fruit and vegetables and legislative requirements.The practical part examines during questionnaire survey how consumers perceive the quality of fruit and vegetables on the Czech market. In this section was conducted research in retail chains and specialized stores in České Budějovice and Vlašim. For the research were selected red apples, bananas, tomatoes and cucumbers. Shops have been awarded points and the winner is the shop which got least points. The practical part was concluded with a structured interview with the founder of the Food Bank in České Budějovice.