The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge about gender differences in ideological orientations in Europe. We use quantitative methods and survey data from European Social Survey (ESS) to examine 25 countries in Europe over time and investigate if there is a correlation between gender equality and the gender gap in self-placement on the political left-right scale. The study examines how the political gender gap has developed through time, and how the trends differ between men and women. The study also examines how gender equality has evolved over time in comparison to the gender gap in political ideology. Furthermore, it examines whether different ideological dimensions might affect self-placement on the left-right scale for men and women. The results show that the gender gap has increased in general across Europe. However, there is substantial variation across the countries. In several countries, the gender gap in ideological orientations decreases over time. The study found different tendencies in how the gender gap has been changing through time in relation to how gender equality has developed. We also found that some ideological factors have a greater effect on women’s self-placement compared to men’s and vice versa.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-02-16T20:59:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_stanley.pdf: 4369040 bytes, checksum: ed63301078418b326241edb9682820e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T20:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_stanley.pdf: 4369040 bytes, checksum: ed63301078418b326241edb9682820e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Interacting peculiar galaxies are objects that still require further studies because they play an important role in the processes of the evolution of galaxies. The knowledge of its location and properties constitutes a great benefit to the astronomical community. In this dissertation, we present an automatic method for identifying and classifying images of interacting galaxies at low redshifts for the Southern Hemisphere, based on the properties of stellar and interstellar extinction distribution as well as using a pattern recognition software called ?Wndchrm? on images from the 2MASS survey, in the near infrared for the filters: J, H and KS. The training phase was made with images of known interacting galaxies from the Arp &Madore Catalogue, Categories 1 and 2. After training, a validation was performed using images of a region of the sky with 573 square degrees, obtaining a hit of, approximately, 73% in the identification of galaxies identified by visual inspection as interacting. This rate can reach up 88% considering the comparison with previous know galaxy pairs of Category 2 of Arp &Madore Catalogue. The procedure was performed for an area of about 17.836 square degrees of the Southern Hemisphere, finding at least several hundred galaxy pairs as yet uncatalogued. / As gal?xias peculiares interagentes s?o objetos que ainda carecem de maiores estudos. Elas desempenham um papel importante nos processos de forma??o e de evolu??o das gal?xias. O conhecimento de sua localiza??o e propriedades, constitui um grande benef?cio para a comunidade astron?mica. Nesta disserta??o, apresentamos um m?todo autom?tico para identificar e classificar imagens de gal?xias interagentes a baixos redshifts para o Hemisf?rio Sul. Para tal, estabelecemos crit?rios baseados na distribui??o de estrelas e extin??o interestelar, assim como de objetos identificados no Cat?logo de fontes extensas do 2MASS. Usamos um software de reconhecimento de padr?es chamado Wndchrm em imagens do grande levantamento 2MASS no infravermelho pr?ximo para os filtros: J, H e Ks. A fase de treinamento foi feita com imagens de gal?xias interagentes conhecidas, do Cat?logo de Arp&Madore, das categorias 1 e 2. Ap?s o treinamento foi realizada uma valida??o com imagens de uma regi?o do c?u de 573 graus quadrados, obtendo uma taxa de acerto de, aproximadamente 73% na identifica??o de gal?xias previamente identificadas de forma visual como interagentes. Essa taxa aumenta para, aproximadamente 88% levando em conta pares da Categoria 2 previamente identificados no Cat?logo de Arp&Madore como pertencentes ? essa categoria. Executamos, o procedimento para uma ?rea de, aproximadamente 17.836 graus quadrados do Hemisf?rio Sul, encontrando, ao menos, v?rias centenas de pares de gal?xias ainda n?o catalogados.

The New Zealand Food Bill is being passed amidst stern criticism of its content and the influence on it by multi-national corporations and the Codex Alimentarius Commission, whose food-safety standards motivated the bill. These concerns illustrate the large democratic and legitimisation deficits in global governance. One response to these criticisms and concerns is global administrative law, which focuses on promoting administrative law tools to enhance accountability. However, an examination of the Food Bill reinforces two main critiques of global administrative law: that it excludes addressing substance of international law and brackets democracy. I argue the limited GAL approach cannot be justified and the significant gaps in its approach require that it engage with democracy. I analyse the possibilities of global administrative law to engage with (to acknowledge and adopt) three theories of global democracy - deliberative, cosmopolitan, and radical pluralism. I argue deliberative democracy offers the most accessible option.

The New Zealand Food Bill is being passed amidst stern criticism of its content and the influence on it by multi-national corporations and the Codex Alimentarius Commission, whose food-safety standards motivated the bill. These concerns illustrate the large democratic and legitimisation deficits in global governance. One response to these criticisms and concerns is global administrative law, which focuses on promoting administrative law tools to enhance accountability. However, an examination of the Food Bill reinforces two main critiques of global administrative law: that it excludes addressing substance of international law and brackets democracy. I argue the limited GAL approach cannot be justified and the significant gaps in its approach require that it engage with democracy. I analyse the possibilities of global administrative law to engage with (to acknowledge and adopt) three theories of global democracy - deliberative, cosmopolitan, and radical pluralism. I argue deliberative democracy offers the most accessible option.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:14:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioCA.pdf: 422263 bytes, checksum: 38e453430108d31eaf2c39772eae20ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work is a detailed study of self-similar models for the expansion of extragalactic radio sources. A review is made of the definitions of AGN, the unified model is discussed and the main characteristics of double radio sources are examined. Three classification schemes are outlined and the self-similar models found in the literature are studied in detail. A self-similar model is proposed that represents a generalization of the models found in the literature. In this model, the area of the head of the jet varies with the size of the jet with a power law with an exponent γ. The atmosphere has a variable density that may or may not be spherically symmetric and it is taken into account the time variation of the cinematic luminosity of the jet according to a power law with an exponent h. It is possible to show that models Type I, II and III are particular cases of the general model and one also discusses the evolution of the sources radio luminosity. One compares the evolutionary curves of the general model with the particular cases and with the observational data in a P-D diagram. The results show that the model allows a better agreement with the observations depending on the appropriate choice of the model parameters. / Este trabalho se constitui num estudo detalhado dos modelos auto-similares para a expans?o de r?dio fontes extragal?cticas. ? feita uma revis?o das defini??es dos NAGs, discute-se o modelo unificado e examina-se as principais caracter?sticas das radio fontes duplas. Apresenta-se os tr?s esquemas de classifica??o para as mesmas e estuda-se em detalhe os modelos auto-similares existentes na literatura. ? proposto um modelo auto-similar que representa uma generaliza?ao dos modelos existentes. Neste modelo, a ?rea da cabe?a do jato varia com o tamanho do jato de acordo com uma lei de pot?ncia determinada pelo par?metro γ. A atmosfera pode ter uma densidade vari?vel que pode ser ou n?o esfericamente sim?trica e leva-se em conta a varia??o temporal da luminosidade cinem?tica do jato seguindo uma lei de pot?ncia determinada pelo par?metro h. ? poss?vel mostrar que os modelos Tipo I, II e III s?o casos particulares do modelo geral e discute-se a evolu??o da luminosidade r?dio das fontes. Compara-se as curvas evolutivas do modelo geral com os casos particulares e tamb?m com os dados observacionais num diagrama P-D. Os resultados mostram que o modelo permite um melhor ajuste com as observa??es dependendo da escolha apropriada dos par?metros do mesmo.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-09-15T21:10:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao1 - F.pdf: 19663712 bytes, checksum: b4d07b5a7a0e8418855eb7151fddc47c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T21:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao1 - F.pdf: 19663712 bytes, checksum: b4d07b5a7a0e8418855eb7151fddc47c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-16 / This work shows the development of a graphical interface to reduce spectroscopic observations of peculiar galaxies present in the Catalogue of Southern Peculiar Galaxies and Associations (Arp and Madore 1987). The data have been observed with the Cassegrain spectrograph installed at the 1.6-m telescope of the Observat?rio do Pico dos Dias, Brazil/Laborat?rio Nacional de Astrof?sica ? Minist?rio da Ci?ncia Tecnologia e Inova??o (OOD/LNA-MCTI). The interface is called "PyOPD-Cass". In this project, the tasks present in IRAF package are sequenced together in order to produce calibrated data in flux and wavelength. Thus, the methodology used to reduce spectral data allows the user to quickly and easily insert all the necessary parameters for the spectral reduction process. The material developed in this work, within the concept of "pipeline", has the advantage of minimizing the time in the spectral reduction. As application of the computational process, we show only the spectral reduction to a selected set of 73 peculiar galaxies with emission lines observed over the long-term project carried out in OPD/LNA-MCTI ("Spectroscopic Study of Peculiar Galaxies and associations", OP2012A-009). The scientific results of these active galaxies will be discussed later in another study, already under development. All the development program was conducted in Python, further comprising PyRAF language and PyQt adapter as a basis for the final GUI architecture. / Este trabalho, aplicado na sub?rea de Astronomia Extragal?ctica, apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma interface gr?fica de redu??o de dados espectrais no ?ptico para Gal?xias Peculiares e Associa??es do Cat?logo de Arp e Madore (?A Catalogue of Southern Peculiar Galaxies and Associations?, 1987), que vem sendo observadas com o espectr?grafo Cassegrain instalado no foco f/10 do telesc?pio de 1,60m do OPD/LNA-MCTI (Observat?rio do Pico dos Dias/Laborat?rio Nacional de Astrof?sica ? Minist?rio da Ci?ncia Tecnologia e Inova??o). Denominamos a mesma neste trabalho de ?PyOPD-Cass?. Neste projeto de Computa??o Aplicada, as tarefas de redu??o de dados presentes no IRAF ser?o sequenciadas e agrupadas afim de produzir dados finais calibrados em fluxo e comprimento de onda. Dessa forma, constru?mos uma metodologia otimizada para a redu??o dos dados espectrais, a qual permitir? ao usu?rio a inser??o de maneira f?cil e r?pidade todos os par?metros necess?rios para o processo de redu??o espectral. O material desenvolvido neste trabalho, dentro do conceito de "pipeline", possui a grande vantagem de minimizar o tempo de redu??o espectral em rela??o ao processo empregado atualmente. Como aplica??o do processo computacional desenvolvido neste trabalho, ser? mostrada apenas a redu??oespectral para um conjunto selecionado de 73 gal?xias peculiarescom linhas de emiss?o observadas ao longo do projeto de longo prazo realizado no OPD/LNA-MCTI (?Estudo Espectrosc?pico de Gal?xias Peculiares e Associa??es?, OP2012A-009), de autoria do orientador deste trabalho dissertativo. Todo desenvolvimento de programa??o foi realizado no ambiente Python, integrando ainda a linguagem PyRAF e o adaptador de linguagem PyQT, como base para a arquitetura final da interface gr?fica.

The present thesis analyzes possible determinants shaping attitudes of selected relevant political parties from the EU27 Member States to the potential Turkish accession to the European Union. Bilateral relationships between the EU and the Turkish Republic have been evolving multifariously and long-windedly. However, the question of the direct Turkish participation in the EU's project remains unresolved, and still resonates across all stakeholders. The phenomenon of the eventual Turkish joining is a very topical issue. In particular, the views of the political parties on this particular problem are studied, since these subjects operate with an exclusive position in representative democracies. They symbolize the necessary interconnection between the state and society. Moreover, in the context of the eventual EU enlargement to Turkey, they will likely discuss its confirmation in parliamentary procedures, or they will mobilize voters and form their attitudes in the case of ratification referenda. The present thesis distinguishes between two main groups of explanatory variables. In regarding to the accepted theoretical framework, these are supposed to explicate the views of the selected political parties on the eventual Turkish enlargement qualifiedly. Particularly, the ideological and (general)...

This essay examines the changing behavior of young Swedish voters in the 2022 election, showing a shift towards right-wing parties compared to older voters. Focusing on the period from 2010 to 2022, it analyzes the influence of gender and education on subjective political alignment and party choice of young voters in parliamentary elections. The study relies on a statistical analysis of exit poll surveys from Swedish Television, from the elections that took place during the period. Previous research suggests that today's younger generations lean towards post- materialistic or libertarian values due to improved material and economic security, while older generations lean towards materialistic and authoritarian values. As older voters pass away and young people gain voting rights, support for libertarian parties is expected to increase while backing for authoritarian parties should decline. However, this essay challenges the previous research, suggesting that despite increased opportunities for higher education and affluence, certain demographic groups, particularly young men who opt out of these opportunities, are more likely to adopt authoritarian values. The results disclose that both gender and education significantly impact the political alignment and party choice of young people throughout the studied period, with the most significant changes observed among the youngest men.

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