Dans le contexte de la hausse actuelle du niveau marin, la détermination du mouvement vertical à la côte est cruciale pour deux principales raisons. D’une part, parce qu’il est enregistré dans la mesure marégraphique et constitue une source d’incertitude dans l’estimation des variations long terme du niveau marin (suivant les auteurs ces variations sont de l’ordre de 1 à 2 mm/an de montée au cours du siècle passé). Et d’autre part, parce que les processus de subsidence à la côte sont un facteur aggravant des effets de la montée du niveau marin avec parfois des taux qui résultent en une montée relative du niveau marin de l’ordre de 1 cm/an, soit des projections de 1 mètre en un siècle, sans accélération des contributions climatiques actuelles. Cette thèse de doctorat s’attaque à la détermination des mouvements verticaux à la côte par GPS et par une méthode originale de combinaison des données de marégraphie et d’altimétrie radar embarquée sur satellite. La méthode proposée ici est basée sur celle de Kuo et al. (2004), reprise et étendue en appliquant un filtrage spatio-temporel issu de l’analyse EOF des deux types de séries de données. La méthode est appliquée dans le Golfe du Mexique sur la période 1950-2009 en utilisant les quinze séries marégraphiques de plus de 40 ans d’observations disponibles dans la région au PSMSL et les séries altimétriques mises à disposition dans AVISO sur la période 1992-2009. La comparaison avec les mouvements verticaux issus des cinq séries de positions de stations GPS co-localisées avec marégraphes montre un écart moyen quadratique sur les différences de 0.60 mm/an révélant la grande précision de la nouvelle approche. Les séries temporelles GPS ont préalablement fait l’objet d’une analyse poussée du bruit et des incertitudes associées, légitimant l’utilisation des séries GPS dans la correction des tendances du niveau marin obtenues des marégraphes. Les incertitudes obtenues des vitesses verticales GPS sont de l’ordre de 0.5 mm/an ce qui est significativement inférieur à d’autres analyses de ce type. La méthode altimétrie moins marégraphie mise au point offre donc des perspectives intéressantes dans la détermination précise des mouvements verticaux côtiers où il n’existe pas de mesures géodésiques. / In the context of the current sea level rise, the determination of coastal vertical land motion is crucial for two main reasons. In one hand, tide gauge measurements are affected by vertical displacements and this is a source of uncertainties for the estimation of long-term sea level variations ( those variations are in the order of 1 to 2 mm/yr of sea level rise during the last century according to different authors). On the other hand, coastal subsiding processes could aggravate the effects of sea level rise with rates leading sometimes to 1 cm/yr of relative sea level rise, that is 1 meter over a century, without any acceleration of climatic contribution. This PhD thesis addresses the determination of coastal vertical land movement by GPS and by an original method combining the data from both tide gauge and satellite radar altimetry. The method which is suggested here is based on those of Kuo et al., (2004), repeated and extended by spatio-temporal filtering from EOF analysis of the two kinds of series. The method is applied in the Gulf of Mexico over the period 1950-2009 using the available fifteen tide gauge series of more than 40 years of observations selected from the PSMSL and altimetric series selected from AVISO over the period 1992-2009. The comparison between vertical land movements from the five position time series of the GPS stations collocated at tide gauge locations shows a root mean square error of 0.60 mm/an over the difference , highlighting the high accuracy of the new approach. Beforehand, GPS time series underwent a detailed noise analysis and their associated uncertainties, legitimating the use of GPS series in the correction of tide gauge sea level trends. The uncertainties from GPS vertical velocities are in the order of 0.5 mm/yr which is significantly lower than other analysis of this type. The adjusted method altimetry minus tide gauge presents interesting prospects for the accurate determination of coastal land motion where there are not geodetic measurements.

In this thesis, we use the Coleman-Weinberg effective potential for computing the radiative corrections to scalar masses in six simple models of the quantum field theory. We probe, for example, the theory of two scalar fields, simple generalizations of the Abelian Higgs model or some classic extensions of the Standard Model. A common feature of all the theories considered is the existence of (at least) two mass scales different in order of magnitude. Being motivated by the hierarchy problem, we study mainly the sensitivity of light scalar masses on the radiative corrections induced by the heavy fields in relevant Feynman loops. We demonstrate that while the masses of scalars with zero VEV obtain corrections proportional to the masses of the heavy fields, in theories with the spontaneous symmetry breakdown is the Higgs mass always governed by the corresponding ordering parameter, i.e., by its vacuum expectation value. For the Standard Model, understood as an effective field theory, this implies that the Higgs boson mass is as stable with respect to the effects of possible new physics on very high energies as the masses of the leptons, quarks, W and Z bosons. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

SKF Coupling in Hofors manufactures screws and couplings to the energy sector and the marine industry. The products have tight tolerances to be more attractive at the market through the tolerances. With increased competition on the market, the quality requirements increase, which means that many products fail to meet the quality requirements in order to avoid customer complaints. The purpose of this work was to improve measurement accuracy. To get an overview of the current situation, interviews and observations were made. A measurement system analysis was conducted by tests where a certain number of products were measured by a certain number of operators, with a certain number of repetitions. The test results were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA and Gauge R&R, which are common methods in measurement system analysis. A cause-and-effect diagram was used to investigate the causes of quality problems. The results indicated that the existing measurement systems were not reliable enough. The shortcomings may depend on the measuring device and the operator. The measuring device may be defective or have calibration defects. Operators can have different methods when measuring which contributes to variations in the measurements. The work led to suggestions for improvements that could imply higher accuracy in the measurement systems. For example, a tighter calibration interval of the measuring device would lead to reduced impact from the measuring device. A standardized education of measurement method, measurement environment and the importance of deviation management can also lead to improved measurement accuracy. / SKF Coupling i Hofors tillverkar skruvar och kopplingar till energisektorn och den marina industrin. Produkterna har snäva toleranser för att genom toleranserna vara mer attraktiva på marknaden. I och med ökad konkurrens ökar kvalitetskraven. Därför kasseras många produkter, som inte uppnår kvalitetskraven, för att undvika returer från kunderna. Syftet med arbetet var att förbättra mätnoggrannheten. För att få en överblick av nuläget gjordes intervjuer och observationer. En mätsystemanalys gjordes genom tester där ett utvalt antal produkter mättes av ett utvalt antal operatörer, med ett visst antal upprepningar. Testresultaten analyserades med en tvåvägs-ANOVA och Gauge R&R som är vanliga metoder inom mätsystemanalys. Ett orsak-verkan-diagram användes för att undersöka orsakerna till kvalitetsproblemen. Resultatet visade att det finns brister i det nuvarande mätsystemet. Bristerna kan bland annat bero på mätdonet och operatören. Mätdonet kan exempelvis vara defekt eller ha brister i kalibreringen. Operatörerna kan ha olika metoder som bidrar till variationer i mätningarna. Arbetet ledde till förbättringsförslag, som kan innebära högre noggrannhet i mätsystemen. Exempelvis skulle ett tätare kalibreringsintervall hos mätdonen leda till minskad påverkan från mätdonen. En standardiserad utbildning av mätmetod, mätmiljö och vikten av att avvikelsehanteringen följs kan också leda till en förbättrad mätnoggrannhet.

Dust particles in the atmosphere are a key cause of nuisance, health and other environmental problems. The mining sector is a major source of airborne particulate matter caused by operations like terrain clearing, drilling, blasting, tipping and loading and the passage of vehicles on unpaved roads. The nuisance effect of airborne dust can be measured by using dust buckets and/or directional dust deposition gauges. Dust buckets are used to determine vertical dust deposition rates and directional dust deposition gauges are used to determine the direction of the sources. Traditionally the measurement of the vertical flux of dust, or dust deposition has been used as to indicate the nuisance caused by coarse suspended particulate matter. Several countries have produced standards for permissible dust deposition rates. Although alternative deposition measurement methods have been proposed, ASTM D1739 has remained the method most often used in the South African mining and industrial sectors to measure dust deposition. In addition, a number of non-standard directional dust deposition gauges have been used. SANS 1929:2005 (South African National Standards, 2005) prescribes the use of ASTM D1739:98 for measuring dust deposition. However, for historical reasons the previous version, ASTM D1739:70 (re-approved as ASTM D1739:82) is still widely used and in the recently promulgated South African Dust Management regulations the use of this version is prescribed. In order to determine the difference in the results obtained by the two versions, ASTM D1739:82 and ASTM D1739:98 were used to measure dust deposition levels arising from a coal mining operation in the Mpumalanga Province and a gold mining operation in North-West Province. In order to determine whether a correlation exists between vertical dust flux (dust deposition) and horizontal dust flux, standard directional horizontal dust flux gauges according to BS 1747 part 5 were also set up at both sites. The measurement of dust deposition using three dust deposition gauges (i.e. ASTM D1739:82, ASTM D1739:98 and BS 1747 part 5, directional dust deposition gauges) was undertaken monthly over a period of fourteen (14) months at the two sites. The findings of the study indicate that the dust deposition rates for an opencast coal mine are generally higher than the dust deposition rates for an underground gold mine. ASTM D1739:98 was shown to be a more efficient dust deposition collection method than ASTM D1739:82, with the ratio between the mean values slightly more than 2. The addition of water to the dust bucket does not make a statistically significant difference to retention of dust in the bucket. There is a weak correlation between results for the vertical dust gauges and horizontal dust flux. It is recommended that the South African mining sector continue dust deposition monitoring and reporting using the more recent version of ASTM D1739, as high deposition levels may indicate a potential health impact from PM10 thoracic dust. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Mathematics / David R. Auckly / We study geometric variational problems for a class of models in quantum field theory known as Faddeev-Skyrme models. Mathematically one considers minimizing an energy functional on homotopy classes of maps from closed 3-manifolds into homogeneous spaces of compact Lie groups. The energy minimizers known as Hopfions describe stable configurations of subatomic particles such as protons and their strong interactions. The Hopfions exhibit distinct localized knot-like structure and received a lot of attention lately in both mathematical and physical literature. High non-linearity of the energy functional presents both analytical and algebraic difficulties for studying it. In particular we introduce novel Sobolev spaces suitable for our variational problem and develop the notion of homotopy type for maps in such spaces that generalizes homotopy for smooth and continuous maps. As the spaces in question are neither linear nor even convex we take advantage of the algebraic structure on homogeneous spaces to represent maps by gauge potentials that form a linear space and reformulate the problem in terms of these potentials. However this representation of maps introduces some gauge ambiguity into the picture and we work out 'gauge calculus' for the principal bundles involved to apply the gauge-fixing techniques that eliminate the ambiguity. These bundles arise as pullbacks of the structure bundles H[arrow pointing right with hook on tail]G[arrow pointing right]G/H of homogeneous spaces and we study their topology and geometry that are of independent interest. Our main results include proving existence of Hopfions as finite energy Sobolev maps in each (generalized) homotopy class when the target space is a symmetric space. For more general spaces we obtain a weaker result on existence of minimizers only in each 2-homotopy class.

This report is a Bachelor thesis executed at Jönköping University during the spring of 2017 by Jenny Larsson and Molly Sandbacka. The thesis was conducted as a final part of the education program for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering, specialisation Product Design and Development. The most dangerous and physically demanding work assignment allowed in Sweden is to work as a firefighter. The firefighters carries oxygen cylinders on their backs and from there the oxygen is transported to a breathing mask and to a pressure gauge. The pressure gauge indicates how much oxygen is left and gives the firefighters an idea over ​​how long they can work. More features could be applied on the device if it were to be digitalised. A digitalisation laid the foundation of the Bachelor thesis performed on behalf of the technical consulting company Combitech in Jönköping. The aim with this project was, from problem to prototype, to construct a component within a pressure gauge. The component shall distribute the oxygen from the cylinders to partly an analogue gauge and partly a digital pressure sensor. Another section of the project was to choose material and suggest how the device should remain tight. Based on theories of the product development process different methods has been used to deliver two concept proposals with different advantages regarding function, manufacturing and cost. One concept has a freely rotating system that promotes the function, while the other concept is easier to manufacture and thus a cheaper alternative. The project has also resulted in three recommended metals: low alloy steel, medium carbon steel and brass quality already used on one of the components of the pressure gauge. The concepts and materials are presented and analysed by simulations, prototypes, risk analysis and value analysis. The results of the Bachelor thesis have contributed with a component so the equipment of the firefighter can be modernised through a lighter, more flexible and digitalised pressure gauge. Furthermore, the other components of the pressure gauge and the full device need to be tested to check that the specifications are met. / Denna rapport behandlar det examensarbete som utförts vid Jönköping University under vårterminen 2017 av Jenny Larsson och Molly Sandbacka. Examensarbetet genomfördes som en avslutande del av utbildningen till högskoleingenjör och teknologie kandidat inom Maskinteknik produktutveckling och design. Att arbeta som rökdykare är en av de allra farligaste och fysiskt mest krävande arbetsuppgifter som tillåts i Sverige. På ryggen bär rökdykare en eller två syrgastuber och därifrån transporteras syret till en andningsmask och till en tryckmätare. Denna mätare indikerar hur mycket syrgas som finns kvar och ger då rökdykaren en uppfattning över hur länge rökdykaren kan arbeta. Digitalisering av denna mätare skulle medföra att fler funktioner skulle kunna appliceras. Detta lade grunden för examensarbetet som genomfördes på uppdrag av teknikkonstultbolaget Combitech i Jönköping. Syftet var att konstruera, från problem till prototyp, en komponent som ska förgrena syrgas till dels en analog manometer, dels en digital trycksensor inuti en tryckmätare. Examensarbetet skulle även innefatta materialval och förslag kring hur mätaren ska förbli tät. Genom metoder utifrån teorier om produktutvecklingsprocessen har arbetet resulterat i två konceptförslag med olika fördelar gällande funktion, tillverkning och kostnad. Det ena konceptet har en inbyggd svivelfunktion vilken främjar funktionen, medan det andra konceptet är enklare att tillverka och därmed ett billigare alternativ. Arbetet har även resulterat i tre på lufttrycksförgreningen applicerbara metaller: låglegerat stål, medium kolstål och en mässingskvalité som redan används på en av delkomponenterna i tryckmätaren. De båda koncepten samt materialen presenteras och analyseras genom simuleringar, prototyper, riskanalys och värdeanalys. Examensarbetets resultat har bidragit med en komponent så att rökdykarens utrustning kan moderniseras genom en smidigare, lättare och digitaliserad tryckmätare. Vidare behöver tryckmätarens övriga komponenter och den fulla enheten testas för att kontrollera så att kravspecifikationen uppfylls.

Nous explorons la structure des vides dans une déformation massive de la théorie de Yang-Mills maximalement supersymétrique en quatre dimensions. Sur un espace-temps topologiquement trivial, la théorie des orbites nilpotentes dans les algèbres de Lie rend possible le calcul exact de l'indice de Witten. Nous en donnons les fonctions génératrices pour les algèbres classiques, et recourons à un calcul explicite pour les exceptionnelles. Après compactification sur un cercle, un lien entre les théories de jauge supersymétriques et les systèmes intégrables est exploitable pour réduire la chasse aux vides à une extrémisation du hamiltonien de Calogero-Moser elliptique twisté. Une analyse soigneuse des propriétés globales du groupe de jauge et des opérateurs de ligne est nécessaire pour obtenir un accord parfait. En combinant exploration numérique sur ordinateur et contrôle analytique grâce à la théorie des formes modulaires, nous exhibons la structure des vides massifs pour des algèbres de rang petit, et mettons en évidence de nouvelles propriétés modulaires. Nous montrons que des branches de vides de masse nulle existent, et nous en donnons la structure exacte pour les algèbres de rang deux. / We investigate the vacuum structure of a massive deformation of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills gauge theory in four dimensions. When the topology of spacetime is trivial, the Witten index can be computed exactly for any gauge group using the theory of nilpotent orbits in Lie algebras. We provide generating functions for classical algebras and an explicit calculation for the exceptional ones. Upon compactification on a circle, one can use a bridge between supersymmetric gauge theories and complex integrable systems to reduce the analysis of vacua to the search of extrema of the twisted elliptic Calogero-Moser Hamiltonian. A careful inspection of global properties of the gauge group and line operators are needed to reach total agreement. Using a combination of numerical exploration on a computer and analytical control through the theory of modular forms, we determine the structure of massive vacua for low-rank gauge algebras and exhibit new modular properties. We also show that massless branches of vacua can exist, and provide an analytic description for rank two gauge algebras.

Ce travail de th`ese est consacré à la conception, la réalisation technologique et la caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un nouveau type de capteur de champ magnétique MEMS 3D. Différent de l'approche classique utilisée pour des magnétomètres MEMS 3D, le capteur conçu dans le cadre de cette thèse n'a pas comme base le principe de la force de Lorentz, mais se sert des avantages qu'offrent les matériaux magnétiques intégrés dans des systèmes MEMS. Le matériau magnétique subit un moment lorsqu'il est soumis à un champ magnétique environnant. Le principe de détection du signal est basé sur la piézorésistivité et utilise des jauges en silicium mono-crystallin avec une section nanométrique. Le concept technologique convient également pour la fabrication de capteurs inertiels et est donc une approche prometteuse pour la fabrication des centrales de mesure inertielle (IMUs). La conception est principalement basée sur un modèle de bruit. En dehors de la considération des limitations technologiques, des aspects mécaniques, magnétiques et thermiques sont également pris en compte. Deux pistes ont été étudiées pour l'intégration du matériau magnétique. Une première option consiste dans l'intégration d'aimants terres-rares comme SmCo et NdFeB. Une deuxième option a pour objet l'intégration des multi-couches antiferromagnétiques et ferromagnétiques, couplées par le couplage d'échange. La réalisation technologique bien exigeante des ces deux approches sera présentée avec une concentration particulière sur les propriétés magnétiques des matériaux utilisés. Une autre partie sera consacrée à la caractérisation des contraintes mécaniques dans des couches minces qui peuvent devenir problématiques pour les micro-systèmes conçus dans le cadre de ce travail. Au final, la fabrication du capteur ainsi que des caractérisations fondamentales seront présentées afin d'établir une preuve expérimentale pour le concept du capteur. / This PhD thesis deals with the design, the technological implementation, and functional characterizations of a new type of monolothic 3D MEMS magnetometer. Other than for the classical approach used for 3D MEMS magnetometers, the sensor developed in this work is not based on the principle of Lorentz force, but takes advantage of magnetic material which is integrated into the MEMS device and experiences a torque when surrounded by a magnetic field. Signal detection is based on piezoresistive detection using gauges of monocrystalline silicon with nanometric section. The technological concept is also suitable for the fabrication of inertial sensors and thus a very promising approach for fabrication of inertial measurement units (IMUs). Sensor design mainly relies on a noise model. Besides technological limitations, mechanical, magnetic and thermal aspects are also taken into account. Two different methods for integration of magnetic material were explored. A first option consists in the integration of rare-earth magnets like SmCo and NdFeB, a second option is about the integration of exchange-bias coupled antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic multilayers. The technologically challenging implentation of both approaches will be discussed with a special focus on magnetic properties of the used materials. A further part will be dedicated to the characterization of mechanical stress in thin layers, which may become problematic for the microsystems conceived in this work. Finally, sensor fabrication and fundamental characterizations will be presented as experimental proof of concept for the sensor.

This report covers the investigation of the next generation of sensors to be used in the sensor based tube system known as SentusysTM. One essential feature of the next generation of sensors is high-temperature endurance. The sensors (strain gauges and thermocouples) have been produced by means of thermal spraying techniques, short-pulse laser ablation and laser cladding. It has been found that the sensors seem to work in general, however, much research and development remain.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21562号 / 理博第4469号 / 新制||理||1641(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 國友 浩, 教授 杉本 茂樹, 教授 田中 貴浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM