Gender inequality has during the past decades become an increasingly studied topic in the field of peace and conflict. However, there are still many gaps to fill. This thesis is an aim at explaining a phenomenon that has yet to be uncovered, namely the relation between conflict related gender inequality and women’s attitudes towards reconciliation processes that include truth-telling and reintegration of ex-combatants. The thesis builds upon prior qualitative and quantitative studies of gender inequality in relation to conflict, and its potential consequences, as well as trauma-related psychology. Using a direct and structured comparative method of comparison between Rwanda and Sri Lanka, it is found that gender inequality both during and after conflict affect women’s attitudes towards peacebuilding negatively.

The present study is examining the representation of femicides in a selection of Greek newspapers. The aim of the study is to examine how victims of femicide and their perpetrators are being represented in the selected newspapers, which cases are receiving more attention and if the understanding of femicide as a term and a phenomenon has changed the last two decades. The method of the analysis is a qualitative content analysis of selected Greek newspapers. For the theoretical part, a feminist approach on intersectionality and femicide aided me with my analysis. What I found is the way victims, cases and perpetrators are represented has changed throughout the years. About the nature of the crimes, the term femicide began to be used the most recent years, but the understanding of femicides as a phenomenon has not changed drastically.

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[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a possibilidade de implementar o modelo de Contrato de Impacto Social no Brasil como uma nova ferramenta para aumen-tar a participação das mulheres empreendedoras no mercado. A implementação deste modelo poderia incentivar mecanismos de finanças sociais que visam facili-tar a entrada das mulheres no mercado. Consequentemente, isto trata de um tema maior, a desigualdade de gênero, reconhecendo os desafios que as empreendedo-ras enfrentam no meio dos negócios em comparação com seus colegas do sexo masculino. O desafio reside na institucionalização da desigualdade de gênero, presente na estrutura da sociedade. Analisando as soluções apresentadas neste artigo relacionadas à área de finanças sociais, concluo que este desafio pode ser combatido através da integração das economias locais com o mercado, diminuin-do e possivelmente erradicando os obstáculos que as mulheres empreendedoras enfrentam para participar do mercado de forma igualitária. / [en] The objective of this article is to demonstrate the possibility of implementing the Social Impact Bond model in Brazil, as a new tool in order to increase the participation of women entrepreneurs in the market. The implementation of this model involves the greater subject of gender inequality, recognizing the challenges that women entrepreneurs face in comparison with their male counterparts. The challenge resides in the institutionalization of gender inequality present within the structures of society. The alternatives presented in this article are related to the area of social finances. The challenge of gender inequality can be addressed through the integration of local economies in the greater market, diminishing and potentially eradicating the challenges that women entrepreneurs face in order to participate on an equal-level playing field.

Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Sexual harassment remains an issue in the workplace as result of ineffective legislative and other measures that fail to recognise sexual harassment as a form of discrimination that is gender orientated. Gender inequality is credited as one of the contributors of sexual harassment, as more women than men suffer sexual harassment in the workplace. Moreover, sexual harassment has adverse effects on the individual who is on the receiving end of it, which are psychological in nature. This alone may lead to the abuse of substances as a form of coping mechanism, to arriving late to work or quitting which also affects productivity. In an attempt to confront the issue of sexual harassment, laws were created over the years, both at national and international level. Although some countries show efficiency in the creation of these laws by responding with urgency, some countries have had a more difficult time formulating appropriate and effective laws, with some countries having very little laws aimed at combatting sexual harassment in the workplace. At the same time workplace sexual harassment policies have proven to be an effective weapon against the gendered inequality that is sexual harassment if implemented effectively.

This study is based on the statistical finding that every tenth women in Sweden refrains to go outside alone in their own residential area when it is dark because they are afraid (BRÅ 2015:88) and strives to discuss this problem further. The purpose of this study is to argue that there is a need to address women’s fear of sexual violence as a human rights concern in Sweden. Women’s ability to enjoy their human rights is restricted by their fear and the normalization of women’s fear contributes to this problem. Furthermore, Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach and her theoretical understanding of emotions enable an understanding of how the concept of bodily integrity is affected by women’s fear. Women’s fear of sexual violence can be understood as a problem of social inequality that is affected by the underlying structures of gender inequality. Therefore, it is essential to identify the nature of the attitudes that tend to undermine women and result in violence against women. The fear of sexual violence is dependent on the occurrence of violence against women, which is a human rights violation. However, the fear of sexual violence is not a human rights violation yet it should be understood as a human rights concern.

This essay applies a feminist neo-Marxist perspective to analyze the intricate parts of society in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. The essay performs an analysis of societal norms and the influence the economy has on individuals with a focus on the character Charlotte Lucas by applying feminist and Marxist frameworks to the character and her choices. The analysis explores how Regency patriarchy influences the lives and choices of individuals such as Charlotte, who has to make decisions within societal constraints in pursuit of a stable future. An introduction to feminist neo-Marxism is made to establish a theoretical understanding of the gender roles and power dynamics in the novel. Interactions between gender expectations, economic factors, and class are highlighted. Regency societal norms and economic pressures are especially analyzed to contextualize Charlotte’s choices. This essay offers insight into the character’s motivations while highlighting what in the way society functions drives them to make the decisions they do, especially as women.

[pt] A presente tese tem como objetivo entender como as funcionárias de uma empresa brasileira do ramo de construção civil estão percebendo, interpretando e construindo o sentido acerca das ações que essa empresa vem implementando com o intuito de diminuir a desigualdade de gênero no ambiente organizacional. A tese subjacente a esse objetivo é que a construção de um ambiente mais igualitário em termos de gênero depende, principalmente, do entendimento, da criação e do compartilhamento dos sentidos - entre as pessoas - sobre a importância da busca por igualdade de gênero e sobre a pertinência das ações voltadas a esse propósito. Para compreender a construção desse entendimento coletivo, a perspectiva teórica do sensemaking foi explorada nessa tese com vistas a entender o processo de sensegiving da construtora e as transformações de significados diante das mudanças que estão ocorrendo, no ambiente organizacional, para ampliar a igualdade de gênero nessa empresa. Para aprofundar o entendimento desse sentido, criado e compartilhado entre as funcionárias da empresa pesquisada, elegeu-se a lente teórica desenvolvida por Joan Acker que discute as subestruturas de gênero, os regimes de desigualdade e o trabalhador ideal forjados nos contextos organizacionais. O método de pesquisa escolhido é o qualitativo, mais aderente a investigações de cunho interpretativista, como a endereçada nesta tese. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais e em grupo focal com trabalhadoras mulheres que atuam na construtora escolhida para a pesquisa. Além de uma pesquisa documental com a exploração de e-mails e conteúdos publicados em redes sociais. A análise dos dados das entrevistas foi feita através da análise de narrativa temática buscando entender como as funcionárias vêm interpretando e criando sentidos relativos às políticas e iniciativas que a empresa vem implementando. Para a análise documental a análise de conteúdo foi usada para entender a implementação da Gestão da Diversidade. Dentre os principais achados da pesquisa, destaca-se que que o patriarcado, enquanto sistema social, é uma barreira que impende a evolução do processo de construção de sentido acerca das políticas que buscam um ambiente mais igualitário de gênero, todavia, os exemplos positivos compartilhados pelas mulheres trouxeram esperança por um ambiente mais igualitário de gênero. Chamou atenção, durante as entrevistas, que muitas das entrevistadas não sabiam sobre práticas e políticas, houve a necessidade de explicar o que a construtora está implementando. A importância da liderança dentro do processo pela busca de um ambiente mais igualitário de gênero é outro achado desta pesquisa. Espera-se que a pesquisa contribua para os estudos sobre gestão de pessoas e gestão da diversidade ao explorar o processo de implementação de políticas que buscam por diversidade e inclusão. Para os estudos feministas, espera-se contribuir para o entendimento de como o tema igualdade de gênero vem sendo interpretado, na prática, no contexto das organizações. Para os estudos organizacionais, em especial para a perspectiva do sensemaking, busca contribuir com o desvelamento do processo de sensegiving acerca das iniciativas voltadas para a promoção da diversidade de gênero em uma organização de grande porte. / [en] This thesis aims to understand how employees of a Brazilian company in the construction industry are perceiving, interpreting and constructing meaning about the actions that this company has been implementing with the aim of reducing gender inequality in the organizational environment. The thesis underlying this objective is that the construction of a more egalitarian environment in terms of gender depends, mainly, on the understanding, creation and sharing of meanings - among people - about the importance of the search for gender equality and about the relevance of actions aimed at this purpose. To understand the construction of this collective understanding, the theoretical perspective of sensemaking was explored in this thesis with a view to understanding the construction company s sensegiving process and the transformations of meanings in the face of the changes that are occurring, in the organizational environment, to expand gender equality in this company. To deepen the understanding of this meaning, created and shared among the employees of the researched company, the theoretical lens developed by Joan Acker was chosen, which discusses gender substructures, inequality regimes and the ideal worker forged in organizational contexts. The chosen research method is qualitative, more in line with interpretative investigations, such as the one addressed in this thesis. Individual and focus group interviews were carried out with female workers who work in the construction company chosen for the research. In addition to documentary research exploring emails and content published on social networks. The analysis of interview data was carried out through thematic narrative analysis, seeking to understand how employees have been interpreting and creating meanings related to the policies and initiatives that the company has been implementing. For document analysis, content analysis was used to understand the implementation of Diversity Management. Among the main findings of the research, it is highlighted that patriarchy, as a social system, is a barrier that impedes the evolution of the process of constructing meaning regarding policies that seek a more gender egalitarian environment, however, the positive examples shared by women brought hope for a more gender-equal environment. It was noteworthy during the interviews that many of the interviewees did not know about practices and policies, there was a need to explain what the construction company is implementing. The importance of leadership within the process of seeking a more gender-equal environment is another finding of this research. It is expected that the research will contribute to studies on people management and diversity management by exploring the process of implementing policies that seek diversity and inclusion. For feminist studies, it is expected to contribute to the understanding of how the theme of gender equality has been interpreted, in practice, in the context of organizations. For organizational studies, especially from the perspective of sensemaking, it seeks to contribute to the unveiling of the sensegiving process regarding initiatives aimed at promoting gender diversity in a large organization.

The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (28 of 2002) (MPRDA) and the accompanied Broad-based Socio-economic Empowerment Charter aimed to rectify previous inequalities and disadvantages in the mining sector and specifically provide for the inclusion of women in core mining activities. According to the Act and the Charter, the mining industry was supposed to reach a quota of 10% women in core mining activities by 2009. The amendment of the Broad-based Socio-economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining and Minerals Industry (launched in 2010) set further requirements in terms of employment equity targets; the Charter requires a 40% historically disadvantaged South African representation in core and critical skills by 2015. Although well intended, the establishment of gender equality in the male-dominant mining sector remains one of the biggest equity challenges in the country and numerous problems accompany the deployment of women in core mining activities. Against this background, the main objective of the study was to critically analyse gender issues in the mining sector and to subsequently develop a conceptual framework that will enable the mining sector to contribute to and ensure the sustainable employment of women in the mining sector. A literature review was done, firstly to provide an understanding of persistent inequalities in society and the workplace, and secondly to gain an in-depth understanding of the variables that have an impact on women in the world of work in general and in the mining sector specifically. An empirical study was conducted to determine and investigate relevant gender-related issues in the mining sector. Quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and direct observation) research paradigms were used. From the literature review as well as the empirical study, it is evident that the deployment of women in core positions is still accompanied by various challenges, not only for managers but also for male co-workers as well as the women themselves. Although the numbers of women in the South African mining industry have risen, there is still a long way to go to successfully and sustainably ensure women‟s participation in the industry. Through the literature study and the empirical research, it became clear that various factors need to be considered for the successful and sustainable deployment of women in the mining sector. The study concludes by making recommendations and offering a conceptual framework, with the main pillars being company policies, workplace opportunities, infrastructure facilities, physical ability, health and safety and workplace relations. This framework can be implemented and used by various stakeholders in the mining sector to contribute to the successful and sustainable deployment of women in the mining sector. / PhD (Sociology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (28 of 2002) (MPRDA) and the accompanied Broad-based Socio-economic Empowerment Charter aimed to rectify previous inequalities and disadvantages in the mining sector and specifically provide for the inclusion of women in core mining activities. According to the Act and the Charter, the mining industry was supposed to reach a quota of 10% women in core mining activities by 2009. The amendment of the Broad-based Socio-economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining and Minerals Industry (launched in 2010) set further requirements in terms of employment equity targets; the Charter requires a 40% historically disadvantaged South African representation in core and critical skills by 2015. Although well intended, the establishment of gender equality in the male-dominant mining sector remains one of the biggest equity challenges in the country and numerous problems accompany the deployment of women in core mining activities. Against this background, the main objective of the study was to critically analyse gender issues in the mining sector and to subsequently develop a conceptual framework that will enable the mining sector to contribute to and ensure the sustainable employment of women in the mining sector. A literature review was done, firstly to provide an understanding of persistent inequalities in society and the workplace, and secondly to gain an in-depth understanding of the variables that have an impact on women in the world of work in general and in the mining sector specifically. An empirical study was conducted to determine and investigate relevant gender-related issues in the mining sector. Quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and direct observation) research paradigms were used. From the literature review as well as the empirical study, it is evident that the deployment of women in core positions is still accompanied by various challenges, not only for managers but also for male co-workers as well as the women themselves. Although the numbers of women in the South African mining industry have risen, there is still a long way to go to successfully and sustainably ensure women‟s participation in the industry. Through the literature study and the empirical research, it became clear that various factors need to be considered for the successful and sustainable deployment of women in the mining sector. The study concludes by making recommendations and offering a conceptual framework, with the main pillars being company policies, workplace opportunities, infrastructure facilities, physical ability, health and safety and workplace relations. This framework can be implemented and used by various stakeholders in the mining sector to contribute to the successful and sustainable deployment of women in the mining sector. / PhD (Sociology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014