This research project employs principles of feminist theory to critically analyze video games, focusing specifically on the dichotomy between "games for boys" and "games for girls." By comparing these digital environments with the gendered play styles observed on playgrounds, this study investigates how entrenched stereotypes from the childhoods of European game designers are reflected in contemporary game design. The research extends previous studies by examining how gender roles are manifested in games.

After South Africa had adopted a democratic government, the labour force was changed profoundly. With the emphasis on diversity, employees were faced with work teams comprising people from different ages, genders, positions, races etc. The opportunity was given to value and embrace diversity in organisations. On the other hand, opportunities for prejudice and discrimination were greater than ever before. Consequently, stereotyping is evident within these diverse workplaces. If not properly managed, stereotypes can have various negative effects on the organisation. The academic sector in South Africa has to be equipped to manage diversity and therefore stereotypes to ensure the effectiveness of these institutions. The challenge is that employers need to be aware of how to manage such issues. Stereotypes are therefore a significant topic for research, specifically within South Africa. The objective of this research study was to explore stereotypes as experienced by individuals employed in the South African academic environment. A qualitative research study, specifically within the social constructivism paradigm, was employed for this study. A combination of the phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches was employed to reach the objectives of this study. The researcher made use of a case study strategy. Only one single case was utilised in this research study, namely the academic environment. Employees at one higher education institution (and two campuses) (N = 30) participated in this research study. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews, where after thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The results of this study indicated that individuals working in the academic environment in South Africa are consciously aware of the meaning of stereotypes. Most participants were able to illustrate a definition of or meaning for stereotypes. The themes that were mentioned by participants included assumptions, beliefs, categorisation, generalisation, judgement as well as perception. Participants also indicated that stereotypes originate from various sources. Participants reported that primary and secondary exposure, individual differences, subjective perception as well as the fact that stereotyping was part of human nature were possible explanations for the origin of stereotypes. Participants were well aware of the fact that stereotypes originate from both us and others. When being stereotyped, individuals react to stereotypes in different ways. Participants mentioned that they react on a behavioural, cognitive and emotional level. Participants were also asked questions pertaining to the stereotypes they experience. It was found that various stereotypes exist within the academic environment. These stereotypes are experienced on an out-group and in-group level. Stereotypes mentioned by participants included age, gender, nationality, occupation, sexual orientation, race and work-related stereotypes. There were also participants from the study population who stated that they neither experienced stereotypes on in-group nor out-group level. Recommendations with regard to future research and practice were made. / MCom (Human Resource Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

After South Africa had adopted a democratic government, the labour force was changed profoundly. With the emphasis on diversity, employees were faced with work teams comprising people from different ages, genders, positions, races etc. The opportunity was given to value and embrace diversity in organisations. On the other hand, opportunities for prejudice and discrimination were greater than ever before. Consequently, stereotyping is evident within these diverse workplaces. If not properly managed, stereotypes can have various negative effects on the organisation. The academic sector in South Africa has to be equipped to manage diversity and therefore stereotypes to ensure the effectiveness of these institutions. The challenge is that employers need to be aware of how to manage such issues. Stereotypes are therefore a significant topic for research, specifically within South Africa. The objective of this research study was to explore stereotypes as experienced by individuals employed in the South African academic environment. A qualitative research study, specifically within the social constructivism paradigm, was employed for this study. A combination of the phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches was employed to reach the objectives of this study. The researcher made use of a case study strategy. Only one single case was utilised in this research study, namely the academic environment. Employees at one higher education institution (and two campuses) (N = 30) participated in this research study. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews, where after thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The results of this study indicated that individuals working in the academic environment in South Africa are consciously aware of the meaning of stereotypes. Most participants were able to illustrate a definition of or meaning for stereotypes. The themes that were mentioned by participants included assumptions, beliefs, categorisation, generalisation, judgement as well as perception. Participants also indicated that stereotypes originate from various sources. Participants reported that primary and secondary exposure, individual differences, subjective perception as well as the fact that stereotyping was part of human nature were possible explanations for the origin of stereotypes. Participants were well aware of the fact that stereotypes originate from both us and others. When being stereotyped, individuals react to stereotypes in different ways. Participants mentioned that they react on a behavioural, cognitive and emotional level. Participants were also asked questions pertaining to the stereotypes they experience. It was found that various stereotypes exist within the academic environment. These stereotypes are experienced on an out-group and in-group level. Stereotypes mentioned by participants included age, gender, nationality, occupation, sexual orientation, race and work-related stereotypes. There were also participants from the study population who stated that they neither experienced stereotypes on in-group nor out-group level. Recommendations with regard to future research and practice were made. / MCom (Human Resource Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Studien handlar om den könssegregerade arbetsmarknaden i förskolan i Borås stad, närmare bestämt bristen på manliga förskollärare. Tidigare forskningar har visat att diskussionen om att få män arbetar i förskolan har pågått under en lång tid men ännu har det inte skett några större förändringar. Det har bland annat visat att yrket ses som typiskt kvinnligt och att yrket behöver mer uppmärksamhet för att locka män. Problemen som denna könssegregering kan skapa är ekonomiska, både privata och för samhället, samt att barnen i förskolan inte får träffa kvinnor och män. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur Borås stad arbetar för att minska könssegregeringen inom förskolan och varför vissa män väljer att bli förskollärare. Information och material till studien har samlats in genom kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens resultat visar att de manliga förskollärarna anser att yrket fortfarande ses som typiskt kvinnligt och att det är en anledning till könssegregeringen. Förskollärarna berättar dock att de känner sig välkomna och uppskattade av sina kollegor samt av barnens föräldrar. Debatten om sexuella övergrepp på förskolor ses även ett problem för att kunna förändra situationen. Intervjupersonerna anser att yrket behöver marknadsföras mer och att det behöver introduceras tidigare i grundskolan eller på gymnasiet. Vidare visar resultatet att synen på att alla män i förskolan är pedofiler behöver förändras för att få fler män till förskolan i framtiden. Vårt resultat visade även att Borås stad inte arbetar med någon specifik strategi för att få fler män till förskolan. För att manliga förskollärare ska bli allmänt accepterade behöver uppfattningen och synen på yrket förändras till att män som arbetar i förskolan är lika accepterade som kvinnor / This study examines the gender segregation among preschool teachers in Borås stad. Earlier research shows that the discussion about male pre-school teacher has been going on for several years but there is still no big development in the issue. The profession is still regarded as typical “women's work” and that the pre-school teacher profession need more highlighting to get attention among men. The gender segregation in the labour market can cause economic problems. Also the children only get to meet women during their time in preschool. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Borås stad work to reduce the gender segregation in preschools and to discover why some men choses to become preschool teachers. The material and information used in this study has been gathered through qualitative, semi structured interviews. The result of the study shows that the interviewed male preschool teachers think that the reason for the issue is that the profession is still considered to typical work for females. However the preschool teachers feel welcomed and appreciated by their colleagues and the parents of the children. Another contributing reason to the problem is the ongoing debate about sexual abuse in preschools. Also advertisement for the profession is lacking and seen as another reason for the problem according to the results. Furthermore, the result shows the perception that all male preschool teachers are pedofiles is need to change in order to get more males working in preschool in the future. The result also shows the Borås stad does not have a clear strategy to get more men to work in preschools. The appreciation of the profession needs to change in order for men to be fully accepted as preschool teachers by society.

The thesis is aimed at finding if the ninth-year students (both girls and boys) of selected basic schools have been affected by gender stereotypes, and if the gender stereotypes approach their ideas, perception and decision making. Besides gender concept, the theoretical part also includes chapters related to gender theories, attitudes, gender stereotypes, equal opportunities for men and women in occupation, and the role of men and women in a family. The central chapter deals with topics of gender and education. The practical part of the thesis is focused on determining students'attitudes towards gender area. Using questionnaire inquiry, the author has got data from 204 students (both girls and boys). The obtained data were faced with finding from the relevant literature.

In the diploma thesis we ask the question whether the important agents of socialization family and school reproduce gender stereotypes which associate women with the role of a carer about family and household and men with the role of a breadwinner and with the orientation to the field of technology. We focus on whether family and school reproduce these stereotypes in connection with the definition of a career and in relation to horizontal and vertical segregation at the labour market. The reproduction of gender stereotypes viewing women as carer about family and household and men as breadwinners and the reproduction of gender stereotype connecting rather men than women with technical orientation are conjoined with gender scheme theory of Sandra Bem and with Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus. The diploma thesis aims at the Czech society, mainly in the period from 2001 to 2011. To answer the question we ask in the diploma thesis we draw on literature, on quantitative and qualitative research dealing with the themes we are concerned with, on statistics of Czech Statistical Office, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Institute for Information on Education, and on selected data from international longitudinal research International Social Survey Programme...

This dissertation addresses the role and value of gender stereotypes in Marketing. The objective is on the one hand to chart male and female imagery in advertising and on the other to establish consumers' attitudes to this imagery, thus enabling a comparison of these outcomes. The first, theoretical part of the dissertation depicts the status of men and women in society and how advertising seeks to reflect this, and in addition describes the research methodology employed in the second, practical part. This latter part comprises a questionnaire survey and an advertising content analysis, and concludes with a comparison of the mentioned surveys.

The thesis "Gender stereotypes in the communication of retail chains on Facebook" deals with the topic of gender stereotyping in the Facebook network. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the theoretical foundations are analyzed. The introductory part of the thesis introduces new media, their theoretical basis and history, and then defines the social network Facebook, on which this work focuses. The thesis focuses on gender and gender stereotypes, specifically the gender stereotyping of women. The aim of this thesis is to transfer the outlined theoretical basis, which focuses primarily on new media and gender stereotypes, into practice and to analyze the presence of female gender stereotypes on Facebook pages on the Czech market that primarily target the female audience. Specifically, it is examined whether and how retail chains use female gender stereotypes to communicate, frequency and what types of female stereotypes are most common, and whether the use of gender stereotyping of women changes over time. At the same time, the work also focuses on women's autostereotypes, specifically how women respond to the presence of female gender stereotypes in Facebook communication and whether there is a visible difference from communication without using gender stereotyping of women.

This study focuses on the mechanisms of women behaviour in salary negotiation, inparticular the counter-stereotypical gender dilemma, a concept this study develops. The dilemma is based on a conflict between the woman role (with characteristics such assubmissiveness, friendliness and communality) and the negotiator role (with conflicting male characteristics such as being strong, being dominant, being assertive and being rational) and is defined as the dilemma of whether to act in accordance to the gender stereotypical role or counter the stereotypical gender role in salary negotiations. The purpose of this study is thus to deepen the understanding of women behaviour in wage negotiations and in the long run contribute to pay equality between men and women. The research question is: how do women experience the counter-stereotypical gender dilemma when deciding salary claims in salary negotiations? 12 women working in white collar – female dominated professions were interviewed. The findings showed that women experienced salary negotiations as in conflict with their sense of self, this sense of self included many characteristics of the stereotypical woman role. This conflict caused women to lower their salary claims as they found high salary claims to be in conflict with who they are. The participating woman also expected backlash for going outside the woman role and claim high salary, this also caused women to lower their salary claims. However the findings also showed that women developed strategies to deal with this dilemma and contexts that mitigated the dilemma where identified.

This essay is focused on gender issues in the film The Kissing Booth directed by Vince Marcello and how it can be used in a Swedish EFL classroom to problematize the stereotypical portrayals of the main characters. Since film is readily available for people in the Western world, including young students, it is important to teach them to be mindful of how media content can influence people in different ways. Even though the movie challenges some gender norms at first glance, an application of the Bechdel test shows that The Kissing Booth actually strengthens the Western world's traditional representation of gender. Because gender was mostly viewed as a binary correlated to sex before, it is easy to stay within those restrictive ways when creating and depicting characters in film. However, theorists have found that gender is not innate but performative and if it is not depicted as such in mainstream media, it may uphold outdated notions of gender and prevent changes in attitudes needed for a more inclusive society. Modern events, such as the Me Too movement, also indicate that there is a need for more conversations about these issues.