Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional acelerado reafirma a necessidade da prestação de cuidados de longa duração e a instituição de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI) é uma das modalidades disponíveis. Pela demanda de cuidado, os enfermeiros estão inseridos na maioria dessas residências. Objetivo: compreender a vivência de enfermeiros no cuidado ao idoso que reside em instituição de longa permanência. Método: trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem fenomenológica, realizada com 11 enfermeiros que trabalham em ILPI. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais, gravadas em áudio, com as seguintes questões norteadoras: Fale sobre sua vivência no cuidado ao idoso que reside em instituição de longa permanência e O que você espera com a sua atuação em ILPI? Os conteúdos foram transcritos e analisados individualmente, segundo o referencial da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz. Resultados: a partir da análise dos discursos foi possível identificar sete categorias concretas do vivido: dificuldades no trabalho, desvalorização profissional, vínculo, valorização do trabalho, oferecer assistência de boa qualidade, ser reconhecido e valorizar o idoso. A vivência do enfermeiro nesse mundo vida é permeada pela escassez de recursos financeiros, materiais e humanos, alta rotatividade de profissionais e qualificação insuficiente para o trabalho, gerando sentimento de insegurança. Também é marcado pela falta de autonomia, baixos salários, preconceitos e desrespeito nas relações interpessoais. Apesar das dificuldades vivenciadas, a formação de vínculos afetivos significativos com os idosos leva o enfermeiro a refletir sobre o processo de envelhecimento e promover uma assistência mais humanizada. A partir da percepção do valor social do trabalho, projeta melhorar a qualidade da assistência oferecida, por meio de qualificação adequada dos profissionais que atuam em ILPI, adequação do quantitativo de recursos humanos e a eliminação da sobrecarga de trabalho. Dessa forma, busca reconhecimento profissional, financeiro e social. Por fim, da vivência desse contexto emerge, no grupo social estudado, a consciência sobre a importância e a premência da mudança do valor do idoso em nossa sociedade. Espera-se que isso aconteça por meio de intervenções educacionais, com enfoque na redução do preconceito, na difusão do envelhecimento saudável e pela ampliação e efetividade de políticas públicas que priorizem a população idosa. Considerações finais: o presente estudo possibilitou a compreensão da ação de cuidar de idosos residentes em ILPI, sob a perspectiva de enfermeiros, evidenciando a vivência desse grupo social, marcada pela dificuldade no trabalho, pela aproximação afetiva com os idosos e pelas expectativas de transformar a realidade do cuidado ao idoso, vislumbrando um envelhecimento digno a todos. / Introduction: Accelerated populational aging reaffirms the need for long-term care, and long-term care institutions for the elderly (LTCI) is one of the available modalities. Given the care demands, nurses are inserted in the majority of these residences. Objective: to understand nurses experience in the care for elderly living in a long-term institution. Method: this is a qualitative research of phenomenological approach, conducted with 11 nurses working in LTCI. Data were collected through individual audio-recorded interviews with the following guiding questions: Talk about your experience in the care of the elderly living in a long-term institution and What do you expect from your performance at the LTCI?. The contents were transcribed and analyzed individually according to Alfred Schützs social phenomenology framework. Results: from the analysis of discourses, it was possible to identify seven concrete categories of the experience: work difficulties, professional devaluation, bonding, valorization of work, provision of good quality care, being recognized and valuing the elderly. Nurses experience in this world is permeated by the scarcity of financial, material and human resources, high turnover of professionals and insufficient qualification for the work, generating a feeling of insecurity. It is also marked by lack of autonomy, low salaries, prejudices and disrespect in interpersonal relationships. Despite the difficulties experienced, the formation of significant affective bonding with the elderly leads nurses to reflect on the aging process and promote a more humanized care. Based on the perception of the social value of work, nurses plan to improve the quality of care provided by means of adequate qualification of professionals working in LTCI, adequate human resources quantitatively, and the elimination of work overload. This way, they seek professional, financial and social recognition. Finally, from the experience in this context, in the studied social group emerges the awareness about the importance and urgency of changing the elderlys value in our society. This is expected to happen through educational interventions focused on reducing prejudice, disseminating healthy aging, and by the expansion and effectiveness of public policies that prioritize the elderly population. Final considerations: the present study enabled an understanding about the action of caring for elderly people living in LTCI from the nurses perspective. It showed the experience of this social group is marked by work difficulties, affective approximation to the elderly and expectations of transforming the reality of care for the elderly, with the view of aging with dignity for all.

Orientadores: Maria da Luz Rosario de Sousa, Fernando Neves Hugo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T05:56:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Torres_LuisaHelenadoNascimento_D.pdf: 1911467 bytes, checksum: 2b830f3462b85c1e0e821da1c3c949c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar determinantes de agravos à saúde geral e bucal em uma coorte de idosos independentes residentes em Carlos Barbosa, RS. No capítulo 1 foi realizada uma revisão sistemática para verificar os fatores de saúde bucal associados com fragilidade. Para os demais capítulos, utilizou-se dados do estudo longitudinal em idosos de Carlos Barbosa, RS (2004). Foram coletadas informações sócio-demográficas, comportamentais, de acesso aos serviços, de história médica, depressão, atividade física e exame bucal, antropométrico e fragilidade. No capítulo 2, em estudo exploratório transversal aninhado em uma coorte, o objetivo foi investigar se saúde bucal precária age como fator associado para a fragilidade. No capítulo 3, o objetivo foi verificar se saúde bucal precária contribui para o desenvolvimento de obesidade geral (BMI) e central (WC). No capítulo 4, o objetivo foi determinar incidência de perda dentária após 8 anos e seus preditores. Análise descritiva e bivariadas foram realizadas. Associações com os desfechos foram realizadas por meio de regressão logística binária, regressão logística multivariada e análise longitudinal multinível e regressão de Poisson ajustando para variáveis de confundimento. No capítulo 1, de 12 estudos incluídos, 07 eram transversais e 05 longitudinais. Foram considerados de boa qualidade 41,7% (n=5) dos artigos selecionados e 8,3% (n=1) de baixa. No capítulo 2, dos 389 idosos estudados, após controle da idade, renda familiar e estado civil, aqueles que precisavam de prótese dentária apresentaram duas vezes mais chance de ser pré-frágil/ frágil do que aqueles que não precisavam (OR = 2,0, IC95% 1,1-3,7); assim como, aqueles com um maior número de dentes perdidos (OR = 1,0, IC95% 1,0-1,1), aqueles que fumaram pelo menos cem cigarros na vida (OR = 2,5, IC95% 1,4-4,7) e aqueles que estavam deprimidos (OR = 2,8, IC95% 1,2-6,9). No capítulo 3 participaram 633 idosos independentes. As pessoas que nunca visitaram um dentista eram mais propensas a serem obesas (OR = 3,02 IC 95% 1,25-7,26), de acordo com o IMC e a necessidade de prótese inferior total aumentou o risco de ser obeso de acordo com a CC (OR = 4,38, 95% CI 1,34-14,32). Em relação ao IMC, os indivíduos edêntulos com próteses totais em ambos os arcos (OR = 0,23, 95% CI 0,06-0,84) e aqueles que percebiam sua saúde bucal como insatisfatória, de acordo com a CC (OR = 0,43 IC 95% 0,19-0,88 ), apresentaram uma menor chance de serem obesos. No capítulo 4 o número médio de dentes no baseline foi 10,50 (±7,09) e a média de dentes presentes ao final foi 9,06 (±7,3). Dados completos estavam disponíveis para 193 participantes. Ser do sexo feminino (RR = 0,65, 95% CI 0,49-0,86), não usar uma prótese parcial removível (RR = 0,73, 95% CI 0,56-0,97) foram associados com menor risco de perda dentária. Ter mais sítios de sangramento foi associado com maior risco de perda dentária (RR = 1,008, IC 95% 1,003-1,01). Saúde bucal precária apresenta relação com fragilidade e é fator de risco para obesidade central e geral e também para perda dentária / Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate determinants of general and oral health among a cohort of independently living older adults residents in Carlos Barbosa, Brazil. In chapter 1 it was performed a systematic review to assess the oral health measures that were related to frailty. To the other chapters it was used data from the study about the elderly population of Carlos Barbosa held in 2004. The measures comprised a questionnaire with information about socio-demographic, behavioral, access to services, medical history, depression, physical activity and oral examination, also anthropometric and frailty assessments. In chapter 2, a cross-sectional exploratory study nested in a major cohort, the aim was to investigate if poor oral health acts as a associate factor for the presence of frailty. In chapter 3, the aim was to investigate if poor oral health status contributes to the development of general (BMI) and central obesity (WC). In chapter 4 the aim was to determine tooth loss incidence after 8 years and its predictors among community-living older adults in a southern Brazilian city. Descriptive and bivariate analysis were performed Associations with the outcomes will be assessed using binary logistic regression, multinomial logistic regression, longitudinal multilevel regression and negative binomial regression adjusting for confounding variables. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, 07 of them were cross-sectional and 05 were cohort studies. From the 12 papers, 41.7% (n=5) were rated as GOOD and 8.3% (n=1) as POOR. In chapter 2, 389 elders participated and after controlling for age, family income and marital status the analysis found that those who needed dental prosthesis were 2 times more likely to be prefrail/frail when compared to those who did not need (OR=2.0, CI95% 1.1-3.7) as well as those with a higher number of missing teeth (OR=1.0, CI95% 1.0-1.1), those who smoked at least a hundred cigarettes in (OR=2.5, CI95% 1.4-4.7) and those who were depressed (OR=2.8, CI95% 1.2-6.9). For chapter 3 a total of 633 independently-living elders participated. Individuals who never visited a dentist were more likely to be obese (OR=3.02, 95%CI:1.25-7.26) according to the BMI and the need for a full mandibular denture increased the risk for being obese according to their waist-circumference ratio-WC (OR=4.38, 95%CI:1.34-14.32). Regarding BMI, edentulous subjects with full dentures in both arches (OR=0.23, 95%CI:0.06-0.84) and those who perceived their oral health as unsatisfactory, according to the WC (OR=0.43, 95%CI:0.19-0.88), had a lower likelihood of being obese. In chapter 4 the mean number of teeth in risk (baseline mean number of teeth) was 10.50±7.09 and mean teeth present at 8-years follow-up was 9.06±7.3. Complete data was available for 193 participants. Being female (RR=0.65, 95%CI 0.49-0.86), not using a partial removable prosthesis (RR=0.73, 95%CI 0.56-0.97) were associated with lower risk of tooth loss. Having more bleeding sites was associated with higher risk of tooth loss (RR=1.008, 95%CI 1.003-1.01). Poor oral health is associated with frailty and it is a risk factor for central and general obesity and also for tooth loss / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutora em Odontologia

Internado en Farmacia Clínica y Atención Farmacéutica para optar al título de Químico Farmacéutico / La artrosis es un cuadro caracterizado por la pérdida progresiva del cartílago articular asociado a la alteración del tejido ligamentoso. Según la guía clínica publicada el 2010 por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile, el 15,4% de las personas mayores padece ya sea artritis, artrosis o algún problema en las articulaciones. El envejecimiento de la población conlleva un aumento de la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, atendidas en Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) con el aumento del uso de medicamentos en el Adulto Mayor (AM). Es por esto que, el objetivo de este trabajo fue seguir pacientes adultos mayores con artrosis que reciben terapia convencional en APS y observar cumplimiento del objetivo sanitario. Como también la posible inclusión de terapias complementarias. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de carácter prospectivo en el Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) Dr. Hernán Alessandri, de la comuna de Providencia, durante un periodo de 4 meses. El total de pacientes correspondió a aquellos en que se logró realizar la primera y segunda entrevista, la cual fue realizada en la ventanilla de la Farmacia. La segunda entrevista se realizó, 2 a 3 meses de iniciado el estudio. La entrevista consistió en la realización del test de adherencia al tratamiento (test Morisky-Green-Levine), evaluación de la percepción del dolor (EVA) y de Calidad de Vida relacionada con salud (EVA) y establecer hábitos de uso relacionados con medicamentos. La información personal de los pacientes fue obtenida de sus fichas clínicas en el centro de salud. En total 127 pacientes que recibían TC entraron al estudio, de los cuales el 85,0% eran mujeres, con una edad promedio de 75,3 años. La artrosis de rodilla es la patología predominante en ambos sexos, y la hipertensión arterial, la comorbilidad más frecuente. En cuanto al Índice de Actividad de APS (IAAPS) u objetivo sanitario específico para el AM, el EFAM-CHILE, el 60,6% se encontraba con esta evaluación al día, sobrepasando el requisito mínimo del 50% de la población del estudio. El Paracetamol es el medicamento más utilizado en un 88,2% de los pacientes y el Tramadol el segundo, presente en el 28,1% de los AM. La percepción del dolor en los AM, disminuyó entre la primera y segunda entrevista, a un 45,7% de los pacientes que reportaron un puntaje sobre los 5 puntos. La percepción de Calidad de vida relacionada con salud se mantuvo constante entre ambas entrevistas, con un 61,4% de los AM, sobre los 50 puntos. La TC para la artrosis recomendada por el AUGE, parece mejorar la percepción del dolor, no así la percepción de Calidad de Vida, aun así se deben optimizar las posologías para disminuir el riesgo de Eventos Adversos a Medicamentos (EAMs) indeseados. / Osteoarthritis is a condition characterized by the progressive loss of joint cartilage associated with the impairment of the ligament tissues. According to the clinical guidelines published in 2010 by the Chilean Ministry of Health, 15.4% of elder people suffer either arthritis, osteoarthritis, or a problem in the joints. The aging of population entails to increase of the prevalence of chronic diseases no communicable, attended at Primary Health Care (PHC) with the increased use of drugs in the elderly patients (EP). The main purpose of this study was to follow patients with osteoarthritis that receive conventional therapy (CT) at PHC and observe compliance of health goal. This was a descriptive and prospective study conducted in the Family Health Center (CESFAM in its Spanish abbreviation) Dr. Hernán Alessandri, located at Providencia district (Santiago, Chile), during a period of four months. Patients included in the study corresponded to those elderly contacted and interviewed two times, when they were delivering the CT at the pharmacy. The patients were interviewed for a second time 2-3 months after the study had been started. During the interview test for evaluating adherence to drug-treatment (Morisky-Green-Levine), perception of pain (VAS), perceptions of health-related quality of life (VAS), and establish drug-related habits, were applied. Personal data of the patients were obtained from their clinical files at the health center. In total 127 patients that were receiving CT entered to this study, of which 85.0% were women, the mean age was 75.3 years. Knee osteoarthritis is the predominant pathology in both sexes, and hypertension, the most common comorbidity. PHC Activity Index or specific health goal for the EP, the EFAM-CHILE (in its Spanish abbreviation), 60.6% were with this assessment a day, accomplishing the minimum requirement of 50% of study population. Acetaminophen is the most used drug with an 88.2% of patients and the Tramadol the second, present at the 28.1% of EP. Perception of pain in the elderly, decreased between interviews, to a 45.7% of patients that reported a score above the five points. The CT for the osteoarthritis recommended for PHC, seems improve the perception of pain, to difference of the perception of health-related quality of life. It is should optimize dosages for decrease the risk of adverse drug events (ADEs) undesired.

Internado en Farmacia Clínica y Atención Farmacéutica para optar al título de Químico Farmacéutico / No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo en el Portal de Tesis Electrónicas. / El envejecimiento es considerado un fenómeno mundial y se asocia a una mayor predisposición a padecer enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Los adultos mayores (AM) están expuestos a un elevado consumo de medicamentos que trae como consecuencia riesgos de desarrollar problemas relacionados con medicamentos (PRM) y de recibir prescripciones de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados (MPI) que ocasionarían una disminución en su estado funcional y en su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Educar y hacer seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (SFT) a AM atendidos en el centro de salud familiar (Cesfam) La Bandera de la comuna de San Ramón, Chile. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal de tipo descriptivo sobre educación sanitaria y de intervención a pacientes AM ≥65 años bajo SFT, pertenecientes a los clubes de AM de la comuna de San Ramón, en un período de 6 meses. A los participantes de los talleres educativos se les aplicaron encuestas para evaluar satisfacción. A los AM que aceptaron participar del SFT se les aplicó mensualmente el test Morisky-Green, el índice de Barthel y el EVA CVRS para medir cumplimiento terapéutico, funcionalidad y percepción del estado de salud respectivamente. Además se utilizaron los criterios de Beers 2002 para detectar MPI. Resultados: Los participantes de las charlas (= 83) quedaron satisfechos con el contenido de las presentaciones. Respecto a los pacientes bajo SFT (n=17) todas fueron mujeres con un promedio de edad de 70 años (65-87 años) y más de la mitad de ellas fueron consideradas polimedicadas; su consumo promedio de medicamentos al finalizar el SFT fue de 5,6 medicamentos/paciente. Además se logró que 10 pacientes manifestaran ser cumplidores de sus tratamientos. Finalmente, sobre el uso de MPI, 11 de 17 pacientes utilizaron al menos uno, la mayoría considerados de alto riesgo para el AM, siendo la ciclobenzaprina (n=6) el más prescrito, y la amitriptilina (n=3), el más automedicado. Conclusiones: La educación junto con el SFT parecieran ser estrategias simples que permiten mejorar el cumplimiento terapéutico en este grupo de pacientes. El Químico Farmacéutico como profesional de la salud puede insertarse en un Cesfam colaborando tanto con las políticas nacionales como locales. Se necesitan más estudios para evaluar el costo-efectividad de estas estrategias. / Ageing is considered a global phenomenon and older people are highly likely to suffer chronic non transmissible diseases. The elderly are exposed to high medication taking, situation that increases the likelihood to develop drug related problems (DRP) and to receive prescribing potentially inappropriate medication (PIM). This would cause the lost functionality state and decreased quality of life. Objective: Teaching and pharmacotherapy follow-up to older people cared for in La Bandera Family Health Center, municipality of San Ramón, Chile. Methodology: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective health education study and interventions to elderly patients aged ≥ 65 years in follow-up was carried in a Family Health Center, who belonged to senior clubs, in a time period of 6 months. Those people who participated in the educational program gave a questionnaire to evaluate the satisfaction level. The elderly patients who agreed to participate in the pharmacotherapy follow-up were interviewed once a month. They were used Morisky-Green Test to evaluate medication adherence. They were also evaluated functionality using Barthel Index and perception of health status using the VAS HRQoL. PIM was identified using Beers’ Criteria 2002. Results: The elderly patients who participated in the educational program (= 83) were satisfied with the content of the presentations. For the follow-up, 17 older people filled-up the selection criteria, all of them were women whose aged range was 70 years and more than half of the elderly patients were considered to have polypharmacy; the taking drugs average by the end of the follow-up was 5,6 medicaments/patient. From the total patients, 10 self-reported compliance of pharmacotherapy. Finally, at least one PIM was presented in 11 patients and most of them considered high severity for the elderly, mainly cyclobenzaprine the most prescribed (n=6) and amitriptyline the most non-prescribed medication (n=3). Conclusion: The education with pharmacotherapy follow-up appears to have strategies to improve adherence in this patient group. The pharmacist as a healthcare professional may be inserted into a Family Health Center and he or she could help both national and local policies. Future research should be conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of these strategies.

Informe de Internado en Farmacia Clínica y Atención Farmacéutica para optar al título de Químico Farmacéutico / Los adultos mayores son la población que consume el mayor número de medicamentos debido a que poseen un gran número de comorbilidades. Además, es común que estén expuestos a medicamentos inapropiados, lo que a la vez aumenta el riesgo de sufrir problemas relacionados con medicamentos (PRM). Por otro lado, el proceso de envejecimiento trae consigo un sinnúmero de cambios fisiológicos que generan alteraciones farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas que afectan la capacidad de respuesta a las terapias farmacológicas. El propósito de este estudio fue optimizar las terapias farmacológicas de los adultos mayores hospitalizados en la Unidad Geriátrica de Agudos (UGA) del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Para ello se utilizaron dos herramientas validadas para la detección de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropiados (MPI): los criterios de Beers 2012 y STOPP/START. Se realizó un seguimiento prospectivo a los pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de selección establecidos (durante un periodo de 6 meses), donde se evaluaron los tratamientos y se hicieron intervenciones en caso necesario. Se incluyeron 82 pacientes con una edad promedio de 83 ± 6,2 años, que padecían 4,5 ± 1,6 comorbilidades, y que en promedio permanecieron hospitalizados 9,2 ± 6,3 días en la UGA. Durante la hospitalización, se utilizaron en promedio 11,0 + 4,1 medicamentos por paciente. La polifarmacia estuvo presente en el 95,1% (78) de los pacientes, lo cual descendió al alta a un 60,5% (49). Se identificó un total de 39 prescripciones inapropiadas al ingreso con los criterios de Beers, mientras que utilizando el método STOPP/START, se identificaron un total de 59 prescripciones inapropiadas y 22 omisiones de tratamientos. Se observó que los pacientes con MPI tenían en promedio un mayor número de comorbilidades y utilizaban más medicamentos, y además tuvieron mayor cantidad de PRM. De los pacientes estudiados, el 69,5% tuvo al menos un PRM, por lo cual se realizaron un total de 285 intervenciones, las cuales se desarrollaron en 72 pacientes. Dichas intervenciones fueron aceptadas en el 66,7% de los casos. En aquellos pacientes que se aceptaron las intervenciones realizadas, se obtuvo una evolución favorable en el 91% de los casos. A través del seguimiento farmacoterapéutico y las intervenciones realizadas, se logró resolver el 57,6% de los PRM, además de prevenir aquellos problemas potenciales. El número de pacientes con prescripciones de MPI disminuyeron de un 41,4% a un 15,9% según criterios de Beers, y de un 70,7% a un 53,6% según STOPP/START. De esta manera, se logró optimizar la farmacoterapia de los AM que se hospitalizaron en la UGA durante el periodo de estudio. Dado que los MPI contribuyen a agravar los problemas de salud de los adultos mayores, y puesto que los fármacos son un componente fundamental para el manejo médico de la mayoría de las enfermedades crónicas y agudas de los AM, es necesario contar con estrategias que permitan reducir su utilización. En ese sentido, los criterios STOPP/START son una herramienta sencilla y efectiva en la detección y reducción de MPI / The elderly are a population that consumes more drugs because they have a larger number of comorbidities. Furthermore, they are usually exposed to inappropriate medication, which in turn increases the risk of Drug-Related Problems (DRP). Moreover, aging brings a number of physiological changes causing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations that affect their response against any drug therapy. The current study intends to optimize drug therapy in elderly patients hospitalized in the Acute Geriatric Unit (AGU) of the Clinical Hospital of the Universidad de Chile. Two validated tools, 2012 Beers criteria and STOPP / START, were used for detecting Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIM). The enrolled patients were prospectively followed-up for 6 months; then treatments were assessed and pharmacy recommendations were made when necessary. Eighty two patients, mean age 83 ± 6.2 years, suffering from 4.5 ± 1.6 comorbidities with a mean hospital stay of 9.2 ± 6.3 days at AGU were included in this study. During hospitalization, an average of 11.0 ± 4.1 medications were used per patient. Polypharmacy was present in 95.1% (78) of patients, which descended to 60.5% (49) at hospital discharge. At admission, a total of 39 PIM were identified according to Beers criteria and a total of 59 and 22 inappropriate prescriptions were identified while using the STOPP / START method respectively. Patients with PIM exhibited a higher average of comorbidities and used more drugs, and also had a greater number of DRP. Of the patients under study, 69.5% had at least one DRP, leading to 285 pharmacy interventions in 72 patients. These pharmacy interventions were accepted in 66.7% of cases. Pharmacotherapeutic follow up and pharmacy interventions permitted to solve 57.6% of DRP, and prevented potential problems. The number of patients with PIM prescriptions descended from 41.4% to 15.9% according to Beers criteria, and 70.7% to 53.6% according to STOPP / START. Thus, an optimization of pharmacotherapy was possible in hospitalized elderly people at AGU. Since PIM further exacerbates health problems of the elderly, and as drugs are essential for the medical management of most acute and chronic diseases in them, strategies are needed to reduce its use. In that sense, the STOPP / START criteria are a simple and effective tool in the detection and reduction of PIM

Internado en Farmacia Clínica y Atención Farmacéutica para obtener el Título Profesional de Químico Farmacéutico / Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento hasta diciembre de 2017 / Los adultos mayores (AM) tienen una mayor prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y sufren más episodios de enfermedades agudas, quedando expuestos a un mayor número de medicamentos, aumentando el riesgo de presentar problemas relacionados con medicamentos (PRM) y a prescripciones de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados (MPI). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de MPI y discrepancias en los tratamientos farmacológicos en pacientes hospitalizados en el Servicio de Medicina Interna (SMI) del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH). La información se registró desde fichas clínicas, entrevistas y visitas médicas. La presencia de MPI fue evaluada con los Criterios de Beers 2012 y STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescriptions). Con la aplicación de los criterios START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment) se evaluaron las omisiones de prescripción (OP). Dada la susceptibilidad de los AM por los efectos de fármacos anticolinérgicos, también se evaluó la carga anticolinérgica por paciente con la escala ACB (Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale). De los 92 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de selección y fueron evaluados al ingreso, 40 (43,5%) presentaban algún tipo de MPI de acuerdo a los criterios de Beers 2012 y 26 (28,3%) con los criterios STOPP, y en 32 (34,8%) se encontró algún tipo de discrepancia en su tratamiento farmacológico. Al egreso del servicio, en 22 (23,9%) pacientes se detectó un MPI con los criterios de Beers 2012, 11 (12,0%) con los criterios STOPP y en 38 (42,8%) se encontró algún tipo de discrepancia. Las herramientas empleadas en este estudio fueron criterios actualizados y fáciles de aplicar, útiles para evaluar y monitorizar estrechamente las prescripciones de AM. Faltan estudios posteriores que permitan desarrollar estrategias para disminuir el uso de MPI, y evitar efectos adversos que disminuyan la calidad de vida del paciente AM / Older people have a higher prevalence of chronic non-transmittable diseases and suffer more episodes of acute illness, being exposed to a greater number of drugs, increasing the risk of drug-related problems and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PIMs and discrepancies in pharmacologic treatment of patients hospitalized in the Department of Internal Medicine (DIM) at the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH). The information was registered from medical records, interviews and medical visits. The presence of PIM was evaluated according to the 2012 Beers Criteria and STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions). With the application of the START criteria (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment) prescribing omissions were evaluated. Due to older people being more susceptible to the effects of anticholinergic drugs, the burden per patient was evaluated with the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB). Of the 92 selected patients that were evaluated at admission, 40 (43.5%) had some type of PIM according to the 2012 Beers criteria and 26 (28.3%) with STOPP criteria and 32 (34.8%) discrepancy was found in their pharmacologic treatment. At discharge, PIM was detected in 22 (23.9%) patients with the 2012 Beers criteria, 11 (12.0%) with STOPP criteria and in 38 (42.8%) found some kind of discrepancy. The tools used on this study were updated criteria and easily applied, useful to evaluate and closely monitored the prescriptions of older patients. Further studies are needed to develop strategies to reduce the use of PIM, and avoid adverse effects that reduce the quality of life of the older patients

Internado en Farmacia Clínica y Atención Farmacéutica para obtener el Título Profesional de Químico Farmacéutico / Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento / Los adultos mayores (AM) tienen alta prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y episodios de enfermedades agudas, que determinan el uso de múltiples medicamentos. Por otro lado, los AM sufren cambios fisiológicos asociados al envejecimiento, que pueden alterar las propiedades farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas, modificando la capacidad de respuesta a terapias farmacológicas lo que, sumado a la polifarmacia los hace más vulnerable de padecer problemas relacionados con medicamentos (PRM). El propósito de este estudio fue optimizar las terapias farmacológicas en los pacientes AM hospitalizados en la Unidad Geriátrica de Agudos (UGA) del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH), utilizando herramientas para la identificación de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados (MPI), correspondientes a los Criterios de Beers 2012 y STOPP/START. El presente estudio constó de un seguimiento prospectivo, con intervención, identificando, clasificando, previniendo y resolviendo problemas relacionados con medicamentos de los pacientes AM hospitalizados en la UGA del HCUCH, durante un período de seis meses Los pacientes seleccionados fueron 83 AM, pertenecientes principalmente al sistema de salud público FONASA (67,5%). Este estudio trata en su mayoría de mujeres octogenarias (33,7 %), caracterizadas por pluripatologías. El promedio de edad de los pacientes seleccionados fue 82,9 ± 7,7 años, padecían 5,6 ± 2,2 comorbilidades, permanecieron hospitalizados 9,6 ± 7,3 días en la UGA del HCUCH, utilizaron durante la hospitalización y al alta, 11,0 ± 3,7 y 5,0 ± 2,3 medicamentos respectivamente. Durante el seguimiento, en el 97,6% de los pacientes se detectaron 291 PRM, siendo las categorías más destacadas medicación innecesaria (23,4%) y necesidad de tratamiento (22,7%). De un total de 269 intervenciones realizadas se aceptaron 91,5% y se logró resolver un 79,7% de los PRM, además de prevenir aquellos PRM potenciales. Además, al ingreso de la hospitalización se identificó un total de 41 prescripciones de MPI según los Criterios de Beers 2012, mientras que utilizando los criterios STOPP/START se detectaron 93 MPI. En los pacientes con MPI se observó una mayor proporción de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo (70,5%), trastornos de la marcha (47,7%) y carga de enfermedad (5,9 ± 2,5) En cuanto a la evolución clínica, se obtuvo que un 92,8% (77) de los pacientes tuvo una recuperación favorable, un 2,4% (2) fue trasladado a otro centro hospitalario por lo que no fueron incluidos en éste análisis y un 4,8% (4) evolucionó de manera desfavorable, de ellos, fallecieron 2 (2,4%) pacientes. Los datos obtenidos permiten sugerir que la participación del Químico Farmacéutico en el equipo multidisciplinario ayuda a optimizar la terapia farmacológica identificando, resolviendo y previniendo PRM / Elderly people (EP) have a higher prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases and episodes of acute illness, which determine the use of multiple medicines. On the other hand, EP experience physiological changes associated with aging, which can alter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties, modifying answer capacity to drug therapies which, added to polypharmacy makes them more vulnerable of developing drug-related problems (DRPs). The aim of this study was to optimize pharmacological therapies hospitalized patients in the Acute Geriatric Unit (AGU) from Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH), using tools to identify potentially inappropriate drug (PID) corresponding to Beers Criteria 2012 and STOPP/START. This study consisted in a prospective follow-up, with intervention, identifying, classifying, preventing and solving drug-related problems of EP hospitalized patients in the UGA of HCUCH, for a period of six months. Selected in-patients were 83 EP, who mainly belong to public health system FONASA (67,5%). This study is mainly about octogenarian women (33,7%) characterized by multiple pathologies. The average age of selected patients was 82.9 ± 7.7 years, 5.6 ± 2.2 comorbidities suffered, remained hospitalized 9.6 ± 7.3 days in the HCUCH UGA, used during hospitalization and high, 11.0 ± 3.7 and 5.0 ± 2.3 respectively drugs. During the follow-up, in 97,6% of patients were detected 291 DRPs, being the most prominent categories unnecessary medication (23,4%) and need for additional treatment (22,7%). Out of a total of 269 done interventions 91,5% were accepted and it was managed to solve 79,7% of DRPs, apart from preventing those potential DRPs. In addition, to entry of hospitalization it was identified a total of 41 prescriptions MPI according to Beers Criteria while using the STOPP / START criteria it was detected 93 MPI. In patients with MPI it was observed a great proportion of patients with cognitive impairment (70,5%), gait disorders (47,7%) and disease burden (5,9 ± 2,5). As for clinical evolution it was obtained that 92,8% (77) patients had improved, 2,4% (2) were moved to another healthcare setting therefore they were not included on this analysis and 4,8% (4) evolved unfavorably, from them, 2 (2,4%) patients passed away. The obtained data allow suggesting that the participation of the pharmacist on the multidisciplinary team helps to optimize drug therapy identifying, solving and preventing DRPs

Orientador: Paulo José Fortes Villas Boas / Resumo: Introdução: Atualmente a expectativa de vida mundial está aumentando significativamente. Avaliar a população assistida em centros de convivência permitirá ampliar a discussão acerca das atividades realizadas e propostas nesses locais, com ênfase na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Objetivo: Avaliar os idosos do Centro de Convivência do Idoso “Aconchego” em Botucatu quanto às síndromes geriátricas, capacidade funcional e uso de medicamentos. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal, realizado entre o mês de janeiro de 2018 e abril de 2019, no Centro de Convivência do Idoso Aconchego, em Botucatu (SP). Foi realizada avaliação geriátrica amola quanto aos domínios capacidade funcional (escala de Katz, Pfeffer, escala de Lawton), cognição (Mini Exame do Estado Mental - MEEM), humor (escala de depressão geriátricade Yesavage), deficit sensorial dos idosos (teste da voz sussurrada e déficit visual), nutrição (índice de massa corpo- ral), fragilidade (índice Study of osteoporotic fracture e índice fenotípico de Linda Fried), continência urinária e questão social e familiar. Os idosos portadores de demência foram classificados quanto a gravidade pelo Clinical Dementia Ratio (CDR). Foi realizada análise descritiva, testes de associação (QuiQuadrado, T-stu- dent), sendo estatisticamente significativo quando o nível alfa foi < 0,05. Resultados: A amostra avaliada foi de 76 idosos, que tiveram a média de idade de 80,6 + 8,0 anos, sendo que 72,4% (55) eram do sexo feminino. 94,2% apresentava... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: The current world life expectancy is increasing significantly. Assessing the population assisted in social centers will allow a broader discussion about the activities carried out and proposed in these places, with emphasis on the quality of life of the elderly. Objective: To evaluate the elderly of the Center for the Cohabitation of the Elderly "Aconchego" in Botucatu regarding geriatric syndromes, functional capacity and medication use. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study, conducted between January 2018 and April 2019, at the Aconchego Shelter Center in Botucatu (SP). A geriatric evaluation was carried out in relation to functional capacity domains (Katz scale, Pfeffer, Lawton scale), cognition (Mental State Mini Examination), humor (Yesavage geriatric depression scale), sensorial deficit of the elderly (Index of osteoporotic fracture and Linda Fried's phenotype index), urinary continence, and social and family issues. Elderly people with dementia were classified as severity by the Clinical Dementia Ratio (CDR). A descriptive analysis, association tests (Chi-Square, T-student) was performed, being statistically significant when the alpha level was <0.05. Results: The sample evaluated was 76 elderly, who had a mean age of 80.6 + 8.0 years, and 72.4% (55) were female. 94.2% had cognitive impairment by MMSE, and 47.4% had a previous diagnosis of dementia. 55.3% were classified as overweight / obese. 41.7% of the elderly were classified as mild dementia a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional acelerado reafirma a necessidade da prestação de cuidados de longa duração e a instituição de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI) é uma das modalidades disponíveis. Pela demanda de cuidado, os enfermeiros estão inseridos na maioria dessas residências. Objetivo: compreender a vivência de enfermeiros no cuidado ao idoso que reside em instituição de longa permanência. Método: trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem fenomenológica, realizada com 11 enfermeiros que trabalham em ILPI. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais, gravadas em áudio, com as seguintes questões norteadoras: Fale sobre sua vivência no cuidado ao idoso que reside em instituição de longa permanência e O que você espera com a sua atuação em ILPI? Os conteúdos foram transcritos e analisados individualmente, segundo o referencial da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz. Resultados: a partir da análise dos discursos foi possível identificar sete categorias concretas do vivido: dificuldades no trabalho, desvalorização profissional, vínculo, valorização do trabalho, oferecer assistência de boa qualidade, ser reconhecido e valorizar o idoso. A vivência do enfermeiro nesse mundo vida é permeada pela escassez de recursos financeiros, materiais e humanos, alta rotatividade de profissionais e qualificação insuficiente para o trabalho, gerando sentimento de insegurança. Também é marcado pela falta de autonomia, baixos salários, preconceitos e desrespeito nas relações interpessoais. Apesar das dificuldades vivenciadas, a formação de vínculos afetivos significativos com os idosos leva o enfermeiro a refletir sobre o processo de envelhecimento e promover uma assistência mais humanizada. A partir da percepção do valor social do trabalho, projeta melhorar a qualidade da assistência oferecida, por meio de qualificação adequada dos profissionais que atuam em ILPI, adequação do quantitativo de recursos humanos e a eliminação da sobrecarga de trabalho. Dessa forma, busca reconhecimento profissional, financeiro e social. Por fim, da vivência desse contexto emerge, no grupo social estudado, a consciência sobre a importância e a premência da mudança do valor do idoso em nossa sociedade. Espera-se que isso aconteça por meio de intervenções educacionais, com enfoque na redução do preconceito, na difusão do envelhecimento saudável e pela ampliação e efetividade de políticas públicas que priorizem a população idosa. Considerações finais: o presente estudo possibilitou a compreensão da ação de cuidar de idosos residentes em ILPI, sob a perspectiva de enfermeiros, evidenciando a vivência desse grupo social, marcada pela dificuldade no trabalho, pela aproximação afetiva com os idosos e pelas expectativas de transformar a realidade do cuidado ao idoso, vislumbrando um envelhecimento digno a todos. / Introduction: Accelerated populational aging reaffirms the need for long-term care, and long-term care institutions for the elderly (LTCI) is one of the available modalities. Given the care demands, nurses are inserted in the majority of these residences. Objective: to understand nurses experience in the care for elderly living in a long-term institution. Method: this is a qualitative research of phenomenological approach, conducted with 11 nurses working in LTCI. Data were collected through individual audio-recorded interviews with the following guiding questions: Talk about your experience in the care of the elderly living in a long-term institution and What do you expect from your performance at the LTCI?. The contents were transcribed and analyzed individually according to Alfred Schützs social phenomenology framework. Results: from the analysis of discourses, it was possible to identify seven concrete categories of the experience: work difficulties, professional devaluation, bonding, valorization of work, provision of good quality care, being recognized and valuing the elderly. Nurses experience in this world is permeated by the scarcity of financial, material and human resources, high turnover of professionals and insufficient qualification for the work, generating a feeling of insecurity. It is also marked by lack of autonomy, low salaries, prejudices and disrespect in interpersonal relationships. Despite the difficulties experienced, the formation of significant affective bonding with the elderly leads nurses to reflect on the aging process and promote a more humanized care. Based on the perception of the social value of work, nurses plan to improve the quality of care provided by means of adequate qualification of professionals working in LTCI, adequate human resources quantitatively, and the elimination of work overload. This way, they seek professional, financial and social recognition. Finally, from the experience in this context, in the studied social group emerges the awareness about the importance and urgency of changing the elderlys value in our society. This is expected to happen through educational interventions focused on reducing prejudice, disseminating healthy aging, and by the expansion and effectiveness of public policies that prioritize the elderly population. Final considerations: the present study enabled an understanding about the action of caring for elderly people living in LTCI from the nurses perspective. It showed the experience of this social group is marked by work difficulties, affective approximation to the elderly and expectations of transforming the reality of care for the elderly, with the view of aging with dignity for all.

Introducción: Los adultos mayores institucionalizados (AMI), constituyen una población vulnerable porque pierden autonomía al adaptarse a un nuevo ambiente lo cual predispone la aparición de síntomas depresivos y dependencia funcional. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la asociación entre síntomas depresivos y funcionalidad en esta población. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico con la aplicación de instrumentos estandarizados para evaluar síntomas depresivos (Escala de depresión geriátrica de Yesavage) y dependencia funcional para actividades básicas de la vida diaria (Índice de Barthel) y la extracción de datos de historias clínicas en un Centro Geronto-Geriátrico en Lima- Perú durante Febrero- Abril del 2013. Resultados: 153 AMI fueron enrolados con una media de 80,8 ±7,3 años a predominio masculino, solteros, y de bajo nivel educativo. El 47,1% tenía algún grado dependencia funcional y el 62,1% algún síntoma depresivo. El coeficiente de Spearman entre los puntajes de Yesavage y Barthel mostró con una correlación negativa no significativa (-0,14, p=0,08). En el análisis de regresión lineal multivariado las covariables educación secundaria (p<0,01), hipertensión arterial (p<0,01), y dependencia funcional escasa (p=0,01) estuvieron asociadas a un mayor puntaje de sintomatología depresiva. Conclusiones: Existe asociación significativa entre los síntomas depresivos y dependencia funcional. Por ello, la identificación precoz de la dependencia funcional escasa en los AMI debe ser considerada como un indicador evitar la aparición de síntomas depresivos. / Introduction: Institutionalized Elderly (IE) constitute a vulnerable population because they lose their autonomy to adapt to a new environment which predisposes the onset of depressive symptoms and functional dependency. The aim of the study is determine the relationship between depressive symptoms and functional dependency in public old age homes. Materials and Methods: Analytical cross- sectional study using standardized scales to evaluate depressive symptoms (Yesavague’s Geriatric Depression Scale) and functional dependency on activities of daily living (Barthel Scale) and extracting data manually from medical records in a Gerontological- Geriatric Center in Lima Peru from February to April, 2013. Results: 153 IE were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 80.8, +/- 7.3 years. They were predominantly men, single and with low educational level, 47.1% had some degree of functional dependency and 62.09% some symptom of depression. The Spearman coefficient between Yesavage and Barthel illustrated non-significant negative correlation (-0.14, p=0.08). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, the covariates secondary education (<0.01), arterial hypertension (p<0.01) and functional dependency (p=0.01) were associated with a higher score of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: There is a significant association between depressive symptoms and functional dependency. Thus, the early identification of low functional dependency in IE should be considered as an early indicator to avoid depressive symptoms. / Tesis