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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

End-of-life wind blade recycling through thermal process

Benz, Kerstin January 2023 (has links)
Renewable energy production with wind turbines has been rising in the last 30 years and it is a crucial technology, which is necessary for the energy transition. As sustainable as the energy production of wind turbines is, the waste management of the blade material is not. Most of the blades end up on a landfill or get incinerated. There are different types of recycling methods, but the most commonly used is to shred the fibers into little pieces and reusing them for filler material in the concrete industry. This approach does not actually split up the blade material into its components but it is more of a downcycling. In this thesis, a new type of pyrolysis will be looked into, which splits up the blade material into its components namely glass fibers and plastic using molten salt. This process would make the glass fiber industry more sustainable by introducing a recycled glass fiber with minimal loss in quality. In a first step, the blade material will be examined more closely with a thermogravimetric analysis to find out what kind of plastic it is and what temperature would be necessary to pyrolyze it. This information will be used to conduct an experiment in a molten salt solution and determine the necessary reaction time and temperature. This data will be used to compare the costs of this method with shredding the material and the conventional pyrolysis. From the thermogravimetric analysis, it was possible to determine that the type of plastic used in this turbine was made out of epoxy. The maximum degredation of this material occurred at 380 ◦C. Not many experiments could be conducted in order to find the optimal conditions for the pyrolysis process due to difficulties with the furnace. Nevertheless, one sample was successfully pyrolyzed at a temperature of 400 ◦C with a residence time of 15 minutes. With the current market conditions in the recycled glass fibers industry, this product would be too expensive and the demand would be too little. However, the market is expected to grow in the next couple years due to rising interests in circular economy and governments introducing regulations. Nevertheless, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of the molten salt pyrolysis in order to be applicable to a bigger scale. More experiments should be conducted with cheaper molten salt in order to sink the costs of the process.
102

[en] ANALYSIS OF THE HYGRO-THERMO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF PULTRUDED GLASS-FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES / [pt] ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO HIGRO-TERMO-MECÂNICO DE MATERIAIS COMPÓSITOS PULTRUDADOS POLIMÉRICOS REFORÇADOS COM FIBRA DE VIDRO

PRISCILLA SHIMBA CARNEIRO VIEIRA 04 July 2023 (has links)
[pt] Materiais compósitos pultrudados poliméricos reforçados com fibra de vidro (PRFV) são aplicados em diversos setores da indústria por apresentarem boas resistências mecânicas, baixo peso específico e alta resistência à corrosão. A exposição a ambientes agressivos tais como imersão em água, condicionamento sob alta umidade relativa, temperatura baixa e elevada, ciclos térmicos e úmidos, bem como a combinação desses efeitos, tornou-se cada vez mais objeto de estudo para esses tipos de materiais. A compreensão dos efeitos das condições ambientais no comportamento do material é essencial para avaliar seu desempenho e, desta forma, garantir a segurança necessária ao projeto estrutural. Com o objetivo de compreender melhor a influência de diferentes condições ambientais nas propriedades do material compósito PRFV, foram estudados os efeitos da temperatura e umidade, além da ação combinada dessas duas condições, nas suas propriedades físicas, químicas, térmicas e mecânicas. Neste estudo, foram levados em conta aspectos importantes que influenciam o comportamento do material, como a resina utilizada, o grau de cura, e características químicas e físicas do material. Os ensaios experimentais foram conduzidos em quatro condições ambientais: (i) exposição a temperaturas moderadas/elevadas (70 graus C à 330 graus C), (ii) imersão em água deionizada (25 graus C, 55 graus C e 70 graus C), (iii) exposição à névoa salina em câmaras de envelhecimento higrotérmico (35 graus C, 55 graus C e 70 graus C), e (iv) exposição a ambiente externo real. Além disso, foram aplicados modelos teóricos para avaliação dos resultados. Foi observado que a temperatura, o tempo de condicionamento e a umidade são fatores preponderantes no comportamento do material. Adicionalmente, uma questão importante para o estudo de pultrudados reside na compreensão das propriedades interlaminares do material. Nesse contexto, a fratura interlaminar, associada às fissuras no plano longitudinal entre as camadas do material, é uma das principais causas de falha em compósitos pultrudados. Consequentemente, a análise da fratura em modo II, que avalia o mecanismo da propagação da fissura no plano interlaminar, vem ganhando espaço no estudo de materiais compósitos. A análise de fratura em modo II não é trivial ou normatizada para compósitos pultrudados PRFV, de forma que poucos dados e conclusões efetivas foram obtidos até o momento a esse respeito. Com o objetivo de suprir essa lacuna, realizou-se uma extensa investigação experimental, culminando na proposição de uma nova metodologia para avaliação da fratura em modo II em materiais compósitos poliméricos pultrudados reforçados com fibra de vidro (PRFV). / [en] Pultruded glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are applied in various industrial sectors due to their good mechanical strength, low specific weight, and high resistance to corrosion. Exposure to aggressive environments has become an increasingly studied topic for these materials, such as immersion in water, conditioning under high relative humidity, low and high temperatures, thermal and humid cycles, as well as the combination of these effects. Understanding the effects of environment condition on material behavior is essential to evaluate its performance and ensure the necessary safety for structural design. In order to better understand the influence of environmental conditions on the properties of GFRPs, the effects of temperature and humidity, as well as the combined action of these two effects, on their physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied. Important aspects that influence the material s behavior were considered, such as the resin used, the degree of curing, and the chemical and physical characteristics of the material. Experimental tests were conducted under four environmental conditions: (i) exposure to moderate/high temperatures (70 degrees C to 330 degrees C), (ii) immersion in deionized water (25 degrees C, 55 degrees C, and 70 degrees C), (iii) exposure to salt spray in hygrothermal aging chambers (35 degrees C, 55 degrees C, and 70 degrees C), and (iv) exposure to real outdoor environment. In addition, theoretical models were applied to evaluate the results. It was observed that temperature, conditioning time, and moisture are predominant factors in material behavior. Additionally, a important issue for the study of pultruded composites lies in understanding the interlaminar properties of the material. In this context, interlaminar fracture, associated with longitudinal cracks between the layers of the material, is one of the main causes of failure in pultruded composites. Consequently, mode II fracture analysis, which evaluates the mechanism of crack propagation in the interlaminar plane, has been gaining ground in the study of composite materials. Mode II fracture analysis is not trivial or standardized for pultruded GFRP composites, so few data and effective conclusions have been obtained in this regard so far. In order to fill this gap, an extensive experimental investigation was carried out, culminating in the proposal of a new methodology for evaluating mode II fracture in pultruded GFRPs.
103

Study of the Effect of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber in Hybrid Glass Fiber / Carbon Fiber Sandwich Box Beams

Joshi, Ninad Milind January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
104

Fibre orientation structures and their effects on crack resistance of injection moulded transverse ribbed plate

Coates, Philip D., Caton-Rose, Philip D., Duckett, R.A., Hine, P.J. January 2004 (has links)
No / An extensive study of the fibre orientation structures developed in a transverse ribbed plate during injection moulding, and the use of these structures to investigate the effect of local fibre orientation state on crack initiation resistance, is reported. The fibre orientation results for the ribbed plate, measured using large area image analysis system developed at Leeds University, showed that after an initial settling down period, the central core region, where the fibres are aligned perpendicular to the flow direction, decreased in size monotonically, with an associated monotonic increase in the outer shell regions, where the fibres are aligned preferentially along the injection direction. Interestingly, the level of orientation in the two regions remained almost constant: only the proportions of the two regions were found to change with flow length. Across the plate, close to the gate, the central core region was found to have a lens-like shape, while at the other end of the plate the core was thinner and also consistent in thickness across the sample width. The transverse rib was found to cause little disturbance to the fibre orientation of the base plate. The different proportions of the shell and core regions at different locations over the ribbed plate provided an ideal case to test the proposition of Friedrich that the crack resistance of a short fibre reinforced material depends on the number of fibres that are perpendicular to the crack tip. The impact test results gathered in this way confirmed this hypothesis of Friedrich.
105

Studies on Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites for CAE-Driven Design of Impact Safety Countermeasures

Lakshmanan, P January 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Man-made materials such as fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) can be tailored for optimum performance in product design applications in terms of strength and weight. The current work is aimed at studying the behaviors of composite laminates based on E-glass CSM (Chopped Strand Mat) or WRM (Woven Roving Mat) plies with a polyester resin for impact protection applications. Detailed mechanical characterization of CSM and WRM laminates till failure is carried out for tensile, compressive and shear loads by varying manufacturing process, number of plies, and laminate thickness. The effect of fiber volume fraction on mechanical properties is shown. The efficacy of CSM and WRM laminates as energy- absorbing countermeasures is studied by performing quasi-static and axial impact tests on cylindrical tubes made of the stated FRCs. In addition to load-displacement and specific energy absorption attributes, failure modes are of interest in such studies. The potential of FRC laminates for protection against projectile impact is investigated by performing low velocity impact perforation tests with a falling tup fitted with an indentor, and medium to high velocity projectile impact tests in a gas gun-based device. The valuable results generated are used for the validation of nonlinear finite element-based CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) procedures including application of a multi-modal failure criterion for explicit dynamic analysis. The present study not only throws light on complex mechanical behavior of an important class of lightweight materials under static and dynamic loads, but also simulation tools for the design of impact safety countermeasures such as bullet-proof laminates and energy–absorbing components for automotive body structures.
106

An?lise do comportamento mec?nico de concretos refor?ados com fibras e adi??o de res?duo de fresado asf?ltico / Analysis of the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete with fibers and addition of asphalt milling residue

Martins, Jo?o Victor Rodrigues 27 June 2018 (has links)
Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-08-14T11:38:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jo?o Victor Rodrigues Martins.pdf: 6347531 bytes, checksum: da963af88129f7568a2e10f7c530b612 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jo?o Victor Rodrigues Martins.pdf: 6347531 bytes, checksum: da963af88129f7568a2e10f7c530b612 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo (FAPESP) / The process of assembling the reinforcement and the density of the concrete in structural pieces demand time and displacement of labor. The use of reinforcement with fibers in partial replacement of the transverse reinforcement could reduce the time of manufacture and facilitate the densification of the parts. Given this scenario, this research aimed at the study of concrete reinforced with fibers and reinforced concrete beams, in order to verify their behavior. Traces of concrete reinforced with steel fibers and traces of concrete with alkali-resistant glass fibers were made. In addition, the asphaltic milling residue was used for partial replacement of the small and large aggregate in the percentage of 15%. The material characterization was performed according to ABNT standards. Tests were performed to evaluate the Compressive Strength, Indirect Traction, Elasticity Modulus, and Tenacity through the Barcelona and ASTM C-1399 Tests. The evaluation of the mechanical behavior was performed by means of four-point bending in reinforced concrete beams, aiming to show its behavior to the applicant efforts. The results show the positive effect of the fibers for concrete with residues in their composition, mainly with respect to the steel fibers. It was verified a greater performance of the fibers as the Residual Resistance of the concrete and its Tenacity. It was also apresentated the viability of the structural application of asphalt milling residue as partial replacement of natural aggregates. / O processo de montagem da armadura e do adensamento do concreto em pe?as estruturais demandam tempo e deslocamento de m?o de obra. O uso do refor?o com fibras em substitui??o parcial da armadura transversal poderia reduzir o tempo de fabrica??o e facilitar o adensamento das pe?as. Diante de tal cen?rio, esta pesquisa visou o estudo de concretos refor?ados com fibras e de vigas de concreto armado, a fim de verificar seu comportamento. Foram confeccionados tra?os de concretos refor?ados com fibras de a?o e tra?os de concretos com fibras de vidro ?lcali-resistentes. Ademais foi utilizado o res?duo de fresado asf?ltico para substitui??o parcial do agregado mi?do e gra?do na porcentagem de 15%. A caracteriza??o dos materiais foi realizada conforme as normas da ABNT. Foram realizados ensaios para an?lise da Resist?ncia a Compress?o, da Tra??o Indireta, do Modulo de Elasticidade, da Tenacidade por meio dos Ensaios Barcelona e ASTM C-1399. A avalia??o do comportamento mec?nico foi realizada por meio de flex?o em quatro pontos em vigas de concreto armado, visando mostrar o seu comportamento aos esfor?os solicitantes. Os resultados revelam o efeito positivo das fibras para concretos com res?duos em sua composi??o, principalmente no que diz respeito as fibras de a?o. Foi verificada maior atua??o das fibras quanto a Resistencia Residual do concreto e a sua Tenacidade. Demonstrou-se tamb?m a viabilidade da aplica??o estrutural do res?duo de fresado asf?ltico como substitui??o parcial de agregados naturais.
107

Avaliação da resistência à fratura de prótese parcial fixa provisória confeccionada sobre componentes do tipo UCLA em titânio - efeito de diversos reforços / Fracture resistance evaluation of provisional fixed partial denture made on titanium ucla components several reinforcements effect

Almonte, Thania Grisel Rodriguez 31 May 2005 (has links)
As restaurações provisórias no tratamento reabilitador oral são de suma importância. Por isso é preocupante que os materiais utilizados para a execução das mesmas sejam críticos com relação à sua resistência e longevidade, principalmente, quando estas são executadas em tratamentos prolongados e/ou em espaços desdentados extensos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar em 4 grupos reforçados, compostos por 9 espécimes cada um, a resistência e o modo de fratura, de uma resina acrílica poli(metilmetacrilato) auto-polimerizável (Dencor® - Clássico®, São Paulo, SP, Brasil) utilizada para restaurações provisórias quando reforçada com fibras de vidro (Fibrante® e Interlig® - Angelus®, Londrina, PR, Brasil), fibras de aramida (Kevlar® - Du Pont®, USA) y fio ortodôntico &#x2205; 0, 7mm. E um grupo controle sem nenhum tipo de reforço, com a mesma quantidade de corpos de prova. A análise dos resultados (ANOVA, p < 0,05), para o teste de resistência, mostrou haver diferença estatística entre os grupos. O teste de Tukey encontrou que os grupos reforçados, aqueles que alcançaram maior média de resistência à fratura foram os que utilizaram a fibra de vidro trançada pré-impregnada com resina composta foto-polimerizável, Interlig® (1083 N); a fibra de vidro unidirecional préimpregnada com dimetacrilato de glicol, Fibrante® (1022 N) e a fibra de poli(aramida) unidirecional sem pré-impregnação, Kevlar® 29, aumentando em 26%, 22% e 17%, respectivamente, esta resistência em relação ao grupo controle (800 N), não havendo diferença estatística significante entre eles. O grupo reforçado com fio de aço com &#x2205; 0,7 mm (871 N) apareceu em seguida com uma resistência somente 8% maior e semelhante àquela apresentada pelo grupo controle sem reforço. A análise das fraturas concorreu com a elaboração de um novo sistema de classificação dividindo-as em quatro tipos: Ausente, Parcial, Total Não Separada e Total Separada. As fraturas dos espécimes reforçados foram consideradas mais favoráveis ocorrendo, predominantemente, os tipos Ausente e Parcial. / Provisional restorations are of ultimate importance in the oral rehabilitation treatment. Thus, clinicians have to bear in mind that materials used for their fabrication are critical due to its longevity and strength, when these are done for longterm therapy and/or large edentulous spaces. The aim of this work was to evaluate the flexural resistance and fracture mode of an auto-cure polymethylmetacrilate resin (Dencor® - Classico® , Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil) used for provisional restorations and reinforced with four materials. Samples were divided in four groups of nine each, as the following: glass fiber (Fibrante® and Interlig® Angelus®, Londrina, PR, Brasil), aramide fibers (Kevlar® Du Pont®, USA), and orthodontic wire &#x2205; 0,7mm. one group whitout reinforcement served as control. Data was submitted to statistical analysis with one-way ANOVA (p<.05) test. Results showed statistically significant difference among the groups. Tukeys test showed that glass-fiber Interlig® exhibited the greatest value of flexural strength (1083 N); followed by unidirectional glycol dimetacrylate glass-fiber Fibrante® (1022 N) and aramid fiber Kevlar® (966 N). These values represent 26%, 22% and 17% in relation to the control group (800 N), being non statistically significant difference observed among them. The group with &#x2205; 0,7mm orthodontic wire (871 N) had a resistance only 8% higher and similar of that of control group without reinforcement. Fracture analysis was conducted by the following scale: absence, partial, complete without separation, and complete with separation. Fracture modes observed on reinforced samples were considered more favorable, with types absent and partial seeing more frequently.
108

Etude de l’effet du vieillissement thermique sur le comportement en fatigue ducomposite de poly (sulfure de phénylène) renforcé par des fibres de verre (PPS/FV) / Study of thermal aging effect on fatigue behaviors of a short glass fiber reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS/GF) composite

Zuo, Peiyuan 18 December 2018 (has links)
Dans ce travail, l’effet du vieillissement thermique sur le comportement en fatigue ducomposite de poly (sulfure de phénylène) renforcé par fibres de verre (PPS/FV) a été étudié. Ce matériau est d’abord étudié par différentes méthodes d’analyse afin de déterminer ses caractéristiques physicochimiqueset mécaniques. Ensuite, le matériau subit un vieillissement thermo-oxydatif accéléré à différentes températures comprises entre 100 °C et 200 °C. Certaines caractéristiques du matériau sont d’ailleurs suivies au cours du vieillissement. A partir des résultats obtenus, un mécanisme d’oxydation estproposé et un modèle cinétique est développé. La validité de ce modèle est vérifiée par les résultats expérimentaux, essentiellement obtenus par la spectrométrie infrarouge. L’effet du vieillissement sur lecomportement mécanique est étudié par les deux axes suivants : D’abord d’une manière indirecte en étudiant l’évolution de la morphologie de la phase cristalline au cours du temps et ensuite par la méthode directe. Dans cette méthode directe, premièrement, le comportement en fatigue et en traction-traction duPPS/FV a été étudié en faisant varier la fréquence et l’amplitude de la sollicitation. La courbe de Wöhler est tracée en fonction du nombre de cycles à la rupture. Il a été constaté que le vieillissement modifie lepositionnement et l’allure de la courbe de Wöhler. Ensuite les éprouvettes vieillies à différentes températures sont testées en fatigue (traction-traction) avec une amplitude maximale (σmax=40 MPa) et un rapport de chargement (R=0,1) afin de suivre l’influence de la dégradation thermo-oxydative au cours du vieillissement. Il a été constaté que l’oxydation a un effet néfaste sur le comportement en fatigue du PPS/FV. Ce matériau perd significativement de ses performances même au début du vieillissement etsurtout à haute température de vieillissement. La perte de la performance en fatigue du matériau s’accentue au fur et à mesure que le processus d’oxydation se poursuit. / In this work, the effect of thermal aging on the fatigue behavior of a glass fiber reinforced poly (phenylene sulfide) composite (PPS/GF) was studied. This material is first characterized by differentmethods of analysis to determine its physicochemical and mechanical characteristics. Subsequently, thematerial undergoes accelerated thermo-oxidative aging at different temperatures between 100 °C and 200 °C. Some characteristics of this material are followed during thermal aging. From the results obtained, an oxidation mechanism is proposed and a kinetic model is developed. The validity of this model is verifiedby the experimental results, essentially obtained by infrared spectrometry. The effect of thermal aging on mechanical behavior is studied in two ways: Firstly, indirect manner by studying the evolution of the morphology of the crystalline phase over time and subsequently by the direct method. In this directmethod, firstly the tension-tension fatigue behavior of PPS/GF was studied by varying the frequency and amplitude of stress. The Wöhler curve is plotted on the basis of the number of cycles at break. Thermalaging has been found to alter the position and shape of the Wöhler curve. Then the samples aged at different temperatures were tested by tension-tension fatigue with a maximum amplitude (σmax = 40 MPa)and a loading ratio (R = 0.1) to follow the influence of thermo-oxidative degradation during aging. It has been found that thermal aging has a detrimental effect on the fatigue behavior of PPS/GF. This material loses its performance significantly even at the beginning of aging, especially in high aging temperature.The loss of fatigue performance grows in the oven as the oxidation process continues.
109

Μη καταστροφικός έλεγχος για τη μελέτη της συσσώρευσης βλάβης σε σύνθετα υλικά ενισχυμένα με ίνες γυαλιού, με και χωρίς την παρουσία νανοσωληνίσκων άνθρακα

Σωτηριάδης, Γεώργιος 22 December 2009 (has links)
Τα σύνθετα υλικά οργανικής μήτρας ενισχυμένα με ίνες γυαλιού είναι μια κατηγορία υλικών που έχει υψηλό τεχνολογικό ενδιαφέρον τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες με πληθώρα εφαρμογών στην αεροπορική και διαστημική βιομηχανία, στην αυτοκινητοβιομηχανία, στη formula 1, στα σπορ και γενικότερα όπου οι απαιτήσεις για υψηλή επίδοση των υλικών συνδυάζονται με την απαίτηση για χαμηλό βάρος. Στην κατεύθυνση αυτή έχει συντελέσει και το διαρκώς μειούμενο κόστος παραγωγής των υλικών αυτών μέσω της χρήσης καινοτόμων τεχνικών. Η συνεχής εξέλιξη των υλικών αυτών οδηγεί σε βελτιωμένα υλικά ενισχυτικής και μητρικής φάσης αλλά και εντελώς καινούρια υλικά και προσεγγίσεις όπως είναι ενισχυτικές φάσεις στη νανοκλίμακα (nanofibers, nanotubes). Η εισαγωγή τέτοιων υλικών στη μήτρα συνθέτων υλικών αλλάζει τις μηχανικές και φυσικές τους ιδιότητες με τρόπο πολλές φορές ολοκληρωτικό. Είναι προφανές ότι η τεκμηριωμένη γνώση και ανάπτυξη μεθόδων μη καταστροφικού ελέγχου της δομικής ακεραιότητας αλλά και η γνώση της μηχανικής συμπεριφοράς μέσω της διαδικασίας εξέλιξης της βλάβης σε μια κατηγορία υλικών με τόσο σημαντικές εφαρμογές είναι ζητούμενο από την ερευνητική κοινότητα παγκοσμίως. Προς αυτήν την κατεύθυνση είναι και η συμβολή της παρούσας διατριβής. Μη καταστροφικές μέθοδοι και δοκιμές εφαρμόζονται εδώ και πολλά χρόνια σε σύνθετα υλικά οργανικής μήτρας με επιτυχία παρά την εγγενή ανομοιογένεια και ανισοτροπία που παρουσιάζουν. Ωστόσο πάντα παραμένει ισχυρή η ζήτηση για μεθόδους που θα βοηθήσουν προς την κατεύθυνση της αύξησης της αξιόπιστης χρήσης των υλικών αυτών μέσω της διαρκούς αποτίμησης και γνώσης της φέρουσας ικανότητάς τους. Η συσσώρευση της βλάβης σε σύνθετα υλικά οργανικής μήτρας που υπόκεινται σε μηχανική φόρτιση είναι ένα ζήτημα που έχει διερευνηθεί εκτενώς μέχρι σήμερα. Ωστόσο, η εισαγωγή ενίσχυσης (carbon nanotubes, CNT) στη μήτρα αλλάζει τους μηχανισμούς δημιουργίας και εξέλιξής της. Επίσης προστίθεται η δυνατότητα της μέτρησης μιας ιδιότητας που εμφανίζεται ως αποτέλεσμα της εισαγωγής αυτής και η οποία είναι η ηλεκτρική αγωγιμότητα. Ο βασικός λοιπόν σκοπός της εργασίας αυτής είναι η μελέτη της χρήσης μη καταστροφικών ελέγχων κατά τη διάρκεια μηχανικών δοκιμών συσσώρευσης βλάβης στα υλικά αυτά, καθώς επίσης και η εισαγωγή της μέτρησης της ηλεκτρικής αντίστασης τους ως ικανής μεθόδου παρακολούθησης και ποσοτικοποίησης της βλάβης αυτής. Η διερεύνηση της επιβελτίωσης των μηχανικών ιδιοτήτων λόγω της εισαγωγής των CNT στα υλικά αυτά μέσω της σύγκρισης με τις ιδιότητες που έχουν χωρίς την προσθήκη αυτή. Αναλυτικότερα οι στόχοι που επιδιώξαμε να πετύχουμε στα πλαίσια της διατριβής είναι οι ακόλουθοι: • Μελέτη της διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας στα συγκεκριμένα θέματα. • Εκτέλεση ειδικά επιλεγμένων μηχανικών δοκιμών σε σύνθετα υλικά Glass/vinylester και Glass/vinylester με CNT (κυκλικά πειράματα φόρτισης – αποφόρτισης – επαναφόρτισης). • Χρήση εξελιγμένων μη καταστροφικών μεθόδων όπως η χρήση δεδομένων ταχύτητας διάδοσης υπερηχητικών ελαστικών κυμάτων (UT) και η ακουστική εκπομπή (AE) για την παρακολούθηση της βλάβης κατά τη διάρκεια των μηχανικών δοκιμών. • Διερεύνηση καταγραφών ηλεκτρικής αντίστασης ως δείκτη βλάβης του υλικού. • Δοκιμές θραυστομηχανικής συμπεριφοράς για την εκτίμηση της βελτίωσης των επιδόσεων του υλικού παρουσία των CNT. / Multi wall carbon nanotubes were used as an additive in the matrix of glass / vinylester composites, in order to improve their damage tolerance and provide a means for their damage assessment at any stage of their loading history. The improvement of the damage tolerance is expected to stem from the incorporation of an additional interfacial area that activates energy dissipation mechanisms such as interfacial sliding, fibre pull out and bridging as well as crack bifurcation and arrest; all these mechanisms are active at the nanoscale. The life monitoring is performed via the electrical resistance changes in the conductive carbon nanotube network within the composite matrix; this network follows any deformation of the composite providing real time strain monitoring and, at the same time, pinpoints all loci of failure through the local breach of the conductive path that lead to a monotonic increase in the overall resistance. The experimental findings verify both the increased damage tolerance of the doped composites and the reliable damage assessment of the composite at all stages of its loading history. Other Non - Destructive Techniques were utilized in order to detect and quantify the accumulating damage. Inverse scattering theory and phase velocity data were used in order to determine the elastic constants of the stifness matrix of the anisotropic material. Fracture toughness and fatigue life behaviour were investigated for both the material systems.
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Efeito do tipo de cimento de fixação e configurações de retentores intra-radiculares na adesão à dentina radicular em diferentes profundidades

Pereira, Janaina Carla 21 August 2007 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / This study evaluated the effect of different types of luting cement and post configuration on the bonding to intra-radicular dentin in different depths. One hundred and twenty roots received endodontic treatment and were post space preparation for fixation of glass fiber post in the configurations: serrated/parallel Reforpost X-Ray (S); and smooth/conical Exato Cônico (L). The posts were fixed with cements: RelyX ARC (ARC), RelyX Luting 2 (LU), RelyX Unicem (UN), Maxicem (MAX) and Cement-Post (CP). The roots were sectioned transversally, getting two disks of 1mm of thickness for third of the root portion: cervical (C), medium (M) and apical (A), and submitted to the micropush-out test with speed of 0.5mm/min. The bond strength values (MPa) were submitted to the analysis of variance in scheme of subdivided parcel and Tukey test (p0.05). There was significant difference among the cements types (p<0.0001), among the localizations (p<0.0001) and the interaction cement x localization was significant (p<0.0001). The post configuration did not influence the bond strength values. The cements LU and UN presented the highest values of bonding in all extension of root dentin. The cements ARC and CP presented similar bonding values in cervical third, however, the bond strength decreased in the crown-apex direction for the ARC. The cement MAX presented the lowest values of bonding. / Este estudo avaliou o efeito do tipo de cimento de fixação e da configuração de retentores intra-radiculares na adesão à dentina intra-radicular em diferentes profundidades. Cento e vinte raízes receberam tratamento endodôntico e foram aliviadas para fixação de retentores intra-radiculares de fibra de vidro nas configurações: serrilhado/paralelo Reforpost X-Ray (S); e liso/cônico Exato Cônico (L). Os pinos foram fixados com cimentos: RelyX ARC (ARC), RelyX Luting 2 (LU), RelyX Unicem (UN), Maxicem (MAX) e Cement-Post (CP). As raízes foram seccionadas transversalmente, obtendo-se 2 discos de 1mm de espessura por terço da porção radicular aliviada: cervical (C), médio (M) e apical (A), e submetidos ao teste de micropush-out com velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Os valores de resistência adesiva (MPa) foram submetidos à análise de variância em esquema de parcela subdividida e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Houve diferença significativa entre os tipos de cimentos (p<0,0001), entre as localizações (p<0,0001) e a interação cimento x localização foi significativa (p<0,0001). A configuração do pino não influenciou nos valores de resistência adesiva. Os cimentos LU e UN apresentaram os maiores valores de adesão em toda extensão da dentina radicular. Os cimentos ARC e CP apresentaram valores de adesão no terço cervical semelhantes, contudo, a resistência adesiva decresceu no sentido coroa-ápice para o ARC. O cimento MAX apresentou os menores valores de adesão. / Mestre em Odontologia

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