A glândula pineal sintetiza o hormônio melatonina à noite e este regula diversos sistemas fisiológicos, adaptando-os às exigências de cada momento do dia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de analisar o perfil noturno da síntese de melatonina na glândula pineal de ratos, em diferentes idades, tratados com glutamato monossódico (MSG) no período neonatal. Ratos Wistar, machos e fêmeas, receberam injeções de MSG (4mg/g/dia) ou de solução salina (0,9%) do 2º ao 8º dia pós-natal. Foram avaliados o peso corporal e dos tecidos adiposos, o comprimento naso-anal,o perfil noturno da síntese de melatonina e da atividade da enzima AANAT, o GTT e o ITT. O MSG induziu um aumento no peso dos tecidos adiposos, sem aumento do peso corporal. Não foi observada hiperglicemia, nem intolerância à glicose, mas sim resistência insulínica. A ritmicidade circadiana da melatonina e da AANAT foi preservada, mas houve um aumento de ambos no ZT 15. As alterações na síntese de melatonina parecem decorrer das lesões hipotalâmicas provocadas pelo MSG, pela redução do NPY, aumento da insulina ou da noradrenalina. / The pineal gland synthesizes melatonin exclusively at night. Melatonin is a temporal synchronizer of several physiological functions, adapting the organism to the diurnal environmental changes. The purpose of this work was to analyze the effects of neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration on the nocturnal profile of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland. Wistar rats, males and females, were injected neonatally with MSG (4mg/g/day) or saline solution (0.9%) from the 2nd to 8th post-natal day. Body weight and adipose tissue weight, naso-anal length, nocturnal melatonin and AANAT activity profiles, GTT and ITT were analyzed. MSG induced a great increase in adipose depots without increase in body weight. It did not induce hyperglycemia nor glucose intolerance, but induced insulin resistance. Circadian rhythmicity of melatonin synthesis and AANAT activity was not altered, but there was an increase at ZT 15 in both. It seems that melatonin synthesis changes could be related to hypothalamic lesions, through a reduction in NPY or insulin/norepinephrine elevation.

Peçonhas de aranhas são uma rica fonte de moléculas, dentre as quais se destacam os peptídeos neuroativos, que atuam no tecido nervoso de insetos e mamíferos, tais como receptores colinérgicos e glutamatérgicos A retina constitui um neuroepitelio, uma das membranas do segmento posterior do olho, é uma extensão do sistema nervoso central. A lesão isquêmica nesse tecido desencadeia um processo de degeneração celular, sendo os neurônios os principais afetados. Várias patologias oculares, como o glaucoma, estão associadas a uma degeneração neuronal secundária à isquemia, na qual o excesso de L-glutamato (L-Glu) extracelular é lesivo aos neurônios. A peçonha da aranha Parawixia bistriata contém componentes com grande potencial neuroprotetor, como a Parawixina10 (Pwx10), que atua potencializando o transporte de L-Glu e glicina para o meio intracelular. Neste contexto, diante da necessidade de se buscar novas terapias para o tratamento de neuropatologias e de se entender a lesão isquêmica, a Pwx10 surge como potencial fármaco neuroprotetor. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o potencial neuroprotetor da Pwx10, em um modelo de isquemia retiniana aguda, com e sem reperfusão, em ratos Wistar. Durante os experimentos de isquemia (ISQ), a pressão intra-ocular (PIO) foi aumentada para 120 mmHg, e mantida por 45 minutos. Nos experimentos em que houve reperfusão (ISQ/REP), após a isquemia, a pressão foi reduzida aos níveis normais e mantida por mais 15 minutos, de forma a restaurar o fluxo sanguíneo e os níveis basais da PIO. As drogas utilizadas para tratamento foram injetadas por via intravitrea, 15 minutos antes do início da isquemia. Após a cirurgia foram realizados os processos histológicos que envolvem técnicas de H-E e Fluoro-Jade C. Em seguida, foram analisadas as densidades de células viáveis na camada nuclear interna (CNI) e camada de células ganglionares (CCG). Os resultados mostraram que os tratamentos com a Pwx10 protegeram as células da CNI tanto em ISQ como ISQ/REP. Comparada com o Riluzole, a Pwx10 foi mais eficaz em CCG ISQ em 15% e CNI ISQ/REP em 23%. Portanto, a Pwx10 apresenta efeitos neuroprotetores em ratos Wistar submetidos à isquemia retiniana aguda, seguida por reperfusão ou não. / Spider venoms are a rich source of molecules, among which stand out the neuroactive peptides that act on the nervous tissue of insects and mammals, such as cholinergic and glutamatergic receptors. The retina is a neuroepithelium, a membrane lining the cavity of the eyeball, it being an extension of the central nervous system. Ischemic injury that tissue triggers a cell degeneration process, and the neurons affected major. Various eye diseases such as glaucoma, are associated with neuronal degeneration secondary to ischemia in which excess L-glutamate (L-Glu) extracellular is harmful to neurons. The venom of Parawixia bistriata spider contains components with high neuroprotective potential, as Parawixina10 molecule (Pwx10), which operates enhancing the transport of L-Glu and glycine to the intracellular medium. In this context, on the need to seek new therapies for the treatment of these diseases and to understand the ischemic injury, Pwx10 emerges as potential neuroprotective drug. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of Pwx10 on an acute retinal ischemia model, with and without reperfusion in rats. During the experiments ischemia (ISC), the intraocular pressure (IOP) was increased to 120 mmHg and maintained at this level for 45 minutes. In experiments in which there was reperfusion (I/R) after the period of ischemia, the pressure was reduced to normal levels and maintained there for 15 minutes in order to restore blood flow and baseline IOP. The drugs used for the treatment were intravitreally injected 15 minutes before the onset of ischemia. After surgery were performed histological techniques involving procedures H-E and Fluoro-Jade C. Then, viable cell densities in the inner nuclear layer were analyzed (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). The results showed that the treatments with Pw10 protected the INL cells both in ISC as IR. Compared with Riluzole, the Pwx10 was more effective in GCL ISC 15% and INL I/R 23%. Therefore, Pwx10 shows neuroprotective effects in Wistar rats with acute retinal ischemia followed by reperfusion or not.

Like most organisms, Drosophila melanogaster can synchronize its physiological and behavioural processes by possessing internal circadian clock that regulates. Naturally fluctuating timing cues, like light and temperature (also known as Zeitgebers), synchronize these endogenous and self‐sustained clocks with external time. In Drosophila, synchronization of the circadian clock by light has been studied in detail, but much less is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying temperature entrainment. Previous data from our lab shows that Nocte, a Chordotonal organ (Ch organ) located protein, is required for normal temperature entrainment in Drosophila. However, neither the function of Nocte in temperature entrainment nor the molecular underlying mechanisms are clear. To address these issues, a proteomics strategy of combing co‐immunoprecipitation and MS/MS sequencing was applied to isolate potential interactors of Nocte. IR25a was one of the most promising candidates, which was later confirmed by behavioural tests using RNA interference: Reducing IR25a expression in Chorgan resulted in abnormal behaviour during temperature cycles, similar to what had been described for Nocte mutant. To further confirm the interaction between Nocte and IR25a, I showed that IR25a physically interacts with Nocte in vivo. Moreover, using an IR25a‐gal4 line, I was able to show that IR25a is expressed in subsets of chordotonal organs (Ch organ) including Johnston's Organs (JO), where Nocte is also highly expressed. These results, along with the behavioural data mentioned above are consistent with the proteomics results and suggest that Nocte and IR25a physically and functionally interact. IR25a mutants were employed to further investigate the function of IR25a in temperature entrainment. First of all, I found that both central and peripheral clocks in wild type flies can be synchronized to temperature cycles with only two degree differences (12h: 12h, 27 °C: 25 °C). In contrast, synchronization of locomotor activity rhythms in the IR25a null mutants to the same temperature cycles and other TC's with 2°C amplitude was eliminated. Under the same conditions, the oscillations of the core clock proteins TIMLESS (TIM) and PERIOD (PER) that normally occur in fly heads were completely abolished inIR25a null mutants, suggesting that IR25a is required for temperature entrainment of peripheral clocks. In the central brain pacemaker neurons, the oscillations of TIM in dorsal and lateral neurons were also affected by the IR25a mutants. On the contrary, IR25a is not required for light entrainment and temperature compensation, suggesting that IR25a is specifically involved in temperature synchronization. Moreover, temperature entrainment of the IR25a null mutants can be partially restored by applying larger temperature intervals (29°C: 25°C) indicating that IR25amay function as amplitude detector independent of absolute temperature values. Finally, neuronal activity in IR25a+ neurons is crucial for the synchronization of circadian clocks to low amplitude temperature cycles. Re‐constitution of functional olfactory receptors required the assembly of IR25a with IR76a and IR76b. Interestingly, IR76a and IR76b are neither required for temperature entrainment at the behavioural level nor expressed in the Ch organs. To check if other potential IRs interacting with IR25a exist, I screened the expression pattern of most divergent IRs using IR‐gal4/UAS‐GFP flies. IR56a was isolated as a potential partner of IR25a because it is also expressed in the femur chordotonal organs. To investigate the function of IR56a in temperature entrainment, I generated a null mutant of IR56a. Surprisingly, this gene is not required for synchronizing clocks to a temperature cycle (27°C: 25°C) at the behavioural level. However, the behavioural and molecular phenotypes of IR56a mutant under different temperature cycles need to be further characterized.

Este trabalho apresenta a continuidade da avaliação farmacológica do derivado Nfenilpiperazínico LASSBio-579 em busca de um novo candidato a antipsicótico de segunda geração. Em estudos anteriores, demonstramos que LASSBio-579 base livre é um potencial candidato a antipsicótico atípico capaz de modular três diferentes sistemas neurotransmissores envolvidos na patofisiologia da esquizofrenia: a neurotransmissão dopaminérgica, serotonérgica e glutamatérgica; entretanto, LASSBio-579 na forma de cloridrato apresenta baixa biodisponibilidade. Neste trabalho avaliamos inicialmente a ação de LASSBio-579.HCl. -ciclodextrina, proposto como alternativa para melhorar a biodisponibilidade. Porém, quando avaliado no modelo de escalada induzida por apomorfina, preditivo de atividade antipsicótica, essa preparação não foi efetiva. Assim, seguimos a avaliação farmacodinâmica com LASSBio-579 base livre, utilizando modelos preditivos de atividade antipsicótica, em camundongos. Neste trabalho foram realizados ainda ensaios in vitro, onde se avaliou a ação de LASSBio-579 sobre a viabilidade celular, captação de glutamato e secreção de proteína S100B, utilizando-se para isso fatias hipocampais de ratos tratadas de forma aguda com LASSBio-579 nas concentrações de 0,1; 1,0; 10 e 20μM. / This study presents the continuity of the pharmacological evaluation of the Nphenilpiperazine derivative LASSBio-579, searching a new second generation antipsychotic compound. In previous studies we have demonstrated that LASSBio- 579 in form of base is a potential atypical antipsychotic able to modulate three different neurotransmitter systems involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: dopaminergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic. However, LASSBio-579 hydrochloride has low bioavailability. In this study we evaluated LASSBio-579.HCl. -cyclodextrin, prepared with the aim of increasing oral bioavailability, in the apomorphine induced climbing in mice, which is a model predictive of antipsychotic activity; and it was not effective. Thus, we continue the study with LASSBio-579 in form of base by testing it in others mice models predictive of antipsychotic activity. In this study, also were made in vitro studies performed in hippocampal acute slices which demonstrated that LASSBio-579 induced a glutamate uptake inhibition and also inhibited the S100B protein secretion.

Aux synapses Fibres Parallèles - Cellules de Purkinje, le récepteur mGluR4 est le seul mGluR du groupe III à moduler la neurotransmission en inhibant les influx calciques qui régulent la libération de glutamate. Dans des systèmes hétérologues, il a été montré que mGluR4 était lié à des protéines G de type Gi/o couplées négativement à l'adénylate cyclase (AC). Afin de rester au plus proche des interactions physiologiques, nous avons débuté notre étude par la définition du réceptosome des récepteurs mGluR4 natifs dans le cervelet de rat. Nous avons identifié 184 partenaires putatifs du récepteur. Afin de confirmer ces interactions, mais aussi de recenser d'autres interacteurs éventuels, nous avons réalisé une approche complémentaire et indépendante de chromatographie d'affinité. Nombre de protéines ont été retrouvées par cette deuxième approche, en particulier des protéines appartenant aux familles de l'exocytose et du trafic cellulaire. Nos résultats suggèrent que le contrôle de la neurotransmission par mGluR4 pourrait s'effectuer, au moins partiellement, par une interaction avec ce type de protéines. D'autre part, nos approches biochimiques n'ont pas mis en évidence de protéines de la voie AC, mais au contraire plusieurs protéines identifiées appartiennent à la voie Phospholipase C/ Protein Kinase C (PLC/PKC). Ces résultats biochimiques corroborent certains résultats fonctionnels du laboratoire et ouvrent de nouvelles pistes quant à la modulation négative de la neurotransmission par les récepteurs mGluR4 natifs dans le cervelet / At Purkinje Cell - Parallel Fiber synapses, mGluR4 receptors are the only glutamatergic metabotropic receptors of group III to modulate glutamatergic transmission by inhibiting calcium presynaptic influx controlling glutamate release. In heterologous systems, mGluR4 has been shown to activate G proteins of type Gi/o that would be negatively linked to adenylate cyclase (AC). In order to conserve most of physiological interactions, we first studied the receptosome of native mGluR4 in rat cerebellum. We identified 184 putative partners of the receptor. Moreover, in order to confirm these interactions, but also to find other partners, we decided to perform an independent and complementary approach of chromatography affinity. Numerous proteins have been found by this method, particularly proteins belonging to exocytosis and cellular trafficking families. Our results suggest that a partial control of neurotransmission could be due to interaction of mGluR4 with these kinds of proteins. On the other hand, biochemical approaches did not reveal interactions of mGluR4 with some proteins belonging to AC pathway, but with proteins of PLC/PKC pathway. These results are consistent with some functional studies of our lab and gave the way for elucidating the native molecular mechanisms of the cerebellar neurotransmission modulation by mGluR4.

Exposição a estressores incontroláveis leva a mudanças comportamentais e neuroquímicas, que têm sido associadas ao mau funcionamento da via Núcleo Mediano da Rafe (NMnR) Hipocampo Dorsal (HD). Estas mudanças comportamentais podem ser atenuadas por injeções intra hipocampais de NMDA ou de agonistas 5-HT1a. Ativação de receptores NMDA (NMDAr) aumentam os níveis de serotonina tanto no NMnR quanto no HD. Neste trabalho, nosso obejtivo foi analisar, em animais expostos ao Teste do nado forçado, se a ativação ou bloqueio dos receptores NMDA antes da exposição ao agente estressor ou 24 horas após essa exposição podem prevenir ou atenuar os efeitos do estresse. Ratos Wistar machos receberam duas injeções intra-NMnR de Salina (Sal), NMDA (1nmoles/0,2µL; agonista NMDAr) e/ou AP-7 (3nmoles/0,2µL; antagonista NMDAr) compondo os grupos experimentais: Sal+Sal, Sal+NMDA, AP-7+Sal, AP-7+NMDA. As drogas foram administradas em dois grupos experimentais, antes da pré-exposição ao nado forçado ou 24 horas após a pré-exposição e antes do teste. Foram analisados o tempo de latência para o primeiro episódio de imobilidade e o tempo total de imobilidade. A análise dos resultados mostrou que a administração de AP-7 antes da pré-exposição ou antes do teste e a administração de NMDA antes do teste, atenuaram os efeitos comportamentais causados pelo estresse, mostrando o envolvimento desses receptores nos mecanismos de adaptação a eventos aversivo e também que o momento no qual ocorre a intervenção farmacológica influencia essa adaptação. / Exposure to uncontrollable stressors leads to behavioral and neurochemical changes, which has been associated to mal functioning of the Median Raphe Nucleus (MnRN)-Dorsal Hippocampus (DH) serotoninergic pathway. These deficits can be attenuated by intra-hippocampal injections of NMDA antagonists or 5-HT1a agonists. Activation of MnRN glutamatergic NMDA receptors (NMDAr) increases serotonin release in both MnRN and DH. We previously showed that MnRN injections of NMDA (NMDAr agonist) and/or AP7 (NMDAr antagonist) after pre-test attenuated total time spent immobile in the forced swim test (FST). In this study we used the forced swim test to investigated whether activation and/or blockade of MnRN NMDAr before exposure to swim stress or 24 hours after the exposure, could prevent the effects of this stressor. Rats with cannulas aimed to the MnRN received two intracerebral injections (0.2µl each) of Saline (Sal), AP7 (3nmols) and/or NMDA (1nmol)(5 min interval), administered as follows: Sal+Sal, Sal+NMDA, AP7+Sal and AP7+NMDA. The animals were forced to swim for 15 min and 24 hrs later rats were re-exposed to FST One group received the treatment before exposure to stress and another group received it 24 hrs later, right before the test. Latency to display immobility and total time spent immobile were registered. After test, all animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, perfused and had their brains removed for histological analysis to confirm site of injection. Only animals who had their sites of injection confirmed were used in the analysis (ONEWAY ANOVA/Tukey test). Our data suggest that blockade of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the MnRN before exposure and 24 hrs later, and activation of this transmission 24 hrs later to stress prevents the behavioral consequences of forced swim stress.

O Acidente vascular cerebral é uma doença aguda neuroinflamatória cuja prevalência aumentou nos últimos anos. Seus sintomas são decorrente da morte neuronal provocada pela privação de glicose e oxigênio. Após a morte neuronal, há liberação de citocinas, radicais livres e neurotransmissores, dentre eles o glutamato. Nosso objetivo é averiguar como o glutamato através do seu receptor NMDA modula a resposta inflamatória tanto de células residentes do SNC, quanto de células imunes infiltrantes. Para a realização desse estudos, realizamos experimentos in vitro e in vivo com o bloqueador do NMDAr, sob o processo de hipóxia. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a sinalização por NMDAr modula a expressão de moléculas envolvidas na apresentação de antígeno em células da microglia e macrófagos, bem como na produção de óxido nítrico por neutrófilos. O seu bloqueio diminui morte celular e lesão cerebral. Por fim, nossa pesquisa mostra que a sinalização NMDAr está envolvido não só com excitotoxicidade, mas também com a modulação da resposta da células inata. / Stroke is an acute neuroinflammatory disease whose prevalence has increased in recent years. Its symptoms are due to the neuronal death caused by the deprivation of glucose and oxygen. After neuronal death, there is release of cytokines, free radicals and neurotransmitters, among them glutamate. Our goal is to investigate how glutamate through its NMDA receptor modulates the inflammatory response of both resident CNS cells and infiltrating immune cells. For the accomplishment of these studies, we performed experiments in vitro and in vivo with the NMDAr blocker under the hypoxia process. Our results demonstrated that NMDAr signaling modulates the expression of molecules involved in the presentation of antigen in microglia and macrophages cells, as well as in the production of nitric oxide by neutrophils. Its blockage decreases cell death and brain damage. Finally, our research shows that NMDAr signaling is involved not only with excitotoxicity, but also with the modulation of the innate cell response.

O núcleo acumbens (Acb) é envolvido em comportamentos adaptativos e emocionais. A maioria dos neurônios do Acb são neurônios de projeção (MSNs) que contém a fosfoproteína DARPP-32 e são modulados por distintos tipos de interneurônios. Há pouca informação sobre os receptores de glutamato (Glu) expressos no Acb. Este estudo investiga, através de técnicas de imunohistoquímica, a distribuição e co-localização de marcadores do sistema dopaminérgico, dos receptores de Glu do tipo AMPA (GluR1-GluR4) e NMDAR1 e marcadores de interneurônios. Nossos resultados mostram que o Acb possui uma neuroquímica semelhante ao estriado dorsal. Porém, detectamos uma distribuição distinta de alguns dos marcadores no Acb. Os estudos de co-localização revelam que quase todos os neurônios no Acb expressam GluR2/3 ou GluR2. Em contraste, GluR1 e GluR4 são fracamente expressas e co-localizam com parvalbumina. Esses resultados indicam que GluR2 e GluR2/3 são expressas em MSNs DARPP-32+ e na maioria dos interneurônios do Acb enquanto GluR1 e GluR4 são exclusivamente expressas em interneurônios. / The nucleus accumbens is involved in adaptive and emotional behaviors. The majority of neurons in the Acb are projection neurons that express the phosphoprotein DARPP-32 and are modulated by distinct types of interneurons. There is little information about the glutamate receptors expressed in the Acb. This study investigates by immunohistochemical methods the distribution and co-localization of markers of the dopaminergic system, AMPA (GluR1-4) and NMDAR1 type Glu receptor subunits and specific markers of interneurons. Our results show that the neurochemistry of the Acb is similar to that of the dorsal striatum. However, we detected a distinct distribution of some markers in the Acb. Our co-localization studies reveal that almost all neurons of the Acb express GluR2/3 or GluR2. In contrast, GluR1 and GluR4 are weakly expressed and are co-localized with parvalbumin. These results indicate that GluR2 and GluR2/3 are expressed by MSNs DARPP-32+ and by the majority of interneurons of the Acb, whereas GluR1 and GluR4 are exclusively expressed by interneurons.

Les récepteurs métabotropes au glutamate (mGluR) sont des RCPG de classe C. Ils sont exprimés dans le système nerveux central où, suite à l'activation par le glutamate, ils participent à la modulation de la transmission nerveuse. En raison de leur rôle essentiel dans la régulation de l'activité synaptique, ils représentent des cibles potentielles pour le développement de médicaments contre les troubles neurologiques et psychiatriques telles que la schizophrénie, l'épilepsie, l'anxiété et la douleur. Mon projet de recherche de doctorat a porté sur l'étude du mécanisme d'activation du domaine extracellulaire de liaison au ligand du mGluR (ECD), avec un accent particulier sur ce qui différencie au niveau moléculaire un agoniste partiel d'un agoniste total. A cette fin, j'ai utilisé une méthode innovante à l'échelle de la molécule unique appelée Transfert d'Energie par Résonance de Forster, développé pour l'étude de la dynamique conformationnelle des molécules individuelles à l'échelle de la nanoseconde. J'ai réussi à montrer que le dimère d'ECD oscille entre une conformation active et une conformation de repos sur une échelle de temps de ~100μsec et que les ligands influencent les vitesses de transition entre ces états avec des vitesses intermédiaires pour les agonistes partiels. Ces résultats sont validés par l'utilisation de mutants spécifiques et indiquent clairement que le rôle des ligands n'est pas de stabiliser une conformation donnée mais de modifier le comportement dynamique du récepteur. L'ensemble de ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure description du mécanisme d'activation des mGluRs, et ouvrent potentiellement la voie à la compréhension des RCPG en général. / Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs) are class C GPCRs, expressed throughout the central nervous system. They participate in the long term modulation of neural transmission following activation by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. This critical role in the regulation of synaptic activity makes them promising targets in the development of drugs for the treatment of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, anxiety and pain relief. My Ph.D. research project has focused on the study of the activation mechanism of the mGluR extracellular ligand binding Venus-Flytrap domain (VFT), with particular emphasis on the differences between partial and full agonists on a molecular level. To this aim, I have used a state-of-the-art single molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) approach, developed for the study of conformational dynamics of single molecules on the nanosecond to millisecond timescale. I have managed to show that the VFT-dimer constantly oscillates between an active and a resting conformation on a ~100µsec timescale. I also discovered that the role of ligands is to influence the transition rate between these boundary states, and that partial agonists display intermediate transition rates. My results, supported by the use of specific mutants, clearly indicate that the role of ligands is not to stabilize a given conformation but to modify the overall dynamic of the receptor, which favors a conformational selection mechanism. Altogether, these results represent a most-valuable contribution to the better understanding of the activation mechanism of mGluRs, and potentially GPCRs in general.

O controle neural da pressão arterial é essencial para a manutenção da homeostase do organismo. Este controle é realizado principalmente por núcleos bulbares e hipotalâmicos. Um dos principais sistemas de neurotransmissão envolvidos no controle da pressão arterial é o catecolaminérgico. Células noradrenérgicas e adrenérgicas estão presentes em todos os centros bulbares reguladores da pressão arterial, enquanto seus receptores, principalmente o receptor α2 adrenérgico (α2r), estão presentes nas mesmas regiões além de estarem presentes também nos núcleos hipotalâmicos. Estes receptores, quando ativados nestes núcleos, geram respostas cardiovasculares e atuam em conjunto com outros sistemas de neurotransmissão neste controle. Dentre estes sistemas de neurotransmissão, merecem destaque os sistemas angiotensinérgico e glutamatérgico, não apenas por estarem presentes nestes núcleos, mas também por atuarem no controle da pressão arterial. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre como o sistema catecolaminérgico interage com estes sistemas. Desta forma, estudamos neste projeto a influência do sistema glutamatérgico e angiotensinérgico sobre o sistema catecolaminérgico no bulbo de ratos. Através de culturas de células bulbares, demonstramos que a ativação de receptores glutamatérgicos do tipo NMDA é capaz de elevar os níveis proteicos do α2R e que os receptores ionotrópicos do tipo não-NMDA precisam estar desbloqueados para tal. Em ratos adultos, microinjeções repetidas inibem a resposta bradicárdica induzida pela ativação dos α2rR no NTS. Contudo, o knockdown dos receptores AT1 de angiotensina restaura a resposta bradicárdica. A partir destes resultados, foi demonstrado que o sistema glutamatérgico é capaz de modular o sistema catecolaminérgico, enquanto o knockdown do receptor AT1 de angiotensina no NTS acentua a resposta bradicárdica dos α2R do NTS. Estes resultados sugerem que os sistemas de neurotransmissão bulbares interagem de diferentes formas e a compreensão deste controle pode vir a ser de grande valia para a compreensão de como se dá o controle da pressão arterial pelo sistema nervoso / The neural control of blood pressure is essential for the maintenance of the homeostasis of the organism. This control is performed mainly by nuclei in the medulla oblongata and in the hypothalamus. One of the main neurotransmitter system involved in this control is the catecholaminergic. Noradrenergic and adrenergic cells are present in all medullary nuclei involved in the arterial pressure regulation, while its receptors, especially the α2 adrenoceptor, are present in the same region plus hypothalamic nuclei. These receptors, upon activation in these nuclei, generate cardiovascular response, and act with other neurotransmission systems in this control. Among these systems, the glutamatergic and angiotensinergic deserve attention not only for also being present in the same nuclei, but for also acting in the control of the arterial pressure. Both angiotensinergic and glutamatergic systems interact with the catecholaminergic system throughout the nervous system. However, little is known about how the catecholaminergic system interacts with these systems in the modulation of blood pressure. Therefore, we studied in this project the influence of the glutamatergic and angiotensinergic systems over the catecholaminergic system in the medulla oblongata of rats. Through cell cultures of the medulla oblongata, we demonstrated that the activation of glutamatergic NMDA receptors is capable of elevating the proteic levels of α2-adrenoceptors, and that non-NMDA receptors need to be unblocked for such. In adult rats, repeated microinjections inhibit the bradycardic response elicited by the α2 adrenoceptors in the NTS. However, the angiotensin AT1 receptors knockdown restored the bradycardic response. Through the chronic knockout of angiotensinergic AT1 receptors in the NTS, we observed bradycardic response elicited by the activation of α2 adrenoceptors in the NTS of the knock-down rats. These results suggest that the medullary neurotransmission systems interact in different ways, and the comprehension of this control may be of great value for the comprehension of how the neural control of the blood pressure works