Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-24T04:15:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Texto Completo.pdf: 617036 bytes, checksum: ac8c33b1b5f5f9f68bc50c8d536970e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-12 / With the purpose of analyzing the blood glucose responses during and after exercise performed at 90 and 110% of anaerobic threshold (AT) and compare the intensity of lactate threshold (LT) with the intensity of delta lactate (DL), 14 type-2 diabetic patients (DM2) (60±11 years; 79±15 Kg; 162±6.5 cm) performed an incremental test (IT) on cycle ergometer. After the IT for AT identification, participants to three experimental sessions on different days: a 20 min of cycling either at 90 or 110% of AT (with the identification of DL) and a control session (CON). Blood glucose was measured at rest, 10 and 20th min of exercise or control condition, as well as at each 15 min during a 2 hour post-exercise recovery period (Rec). Test t-student no identified differences significant between LT and DL of variation 0. The One Way ANOVA did not identify significant differences in blood glucose between the 90 and 110% AT session. Both exercise intensities induced a significant decrease in blood glucose compared to CON, a significant decrease was observed at the 20th min of exercise (-41 + 15 mg.dl-1), and at the 15th min (-48 + 21 mg.dl-1) and 60th min of Rec from the 90% of AT session. It was also observed a significant decrease at 10 and 20 min of exercise and at 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th min of Rec from the session at 110% of AT. The exercise performed at a higher intensity (110% AT) resulted in a higher hypoglicemiant effect and may be an alternative of exercise intensity to better control the blood glucose for type 2 diabetics well no have cardiovascular complications or other restrictions to exercise performed above the AT. The DL of variation 0 can be used as a submaximum method to identify of the LT. / Com o propósito de analisar a resposta da glicose sanguínea durante e após exercício a 90 e 110% do limiar anaeróbio (LA) e comparar a intensidade do limiar de lactato (LL) com a intensidade do delta de lactato (DL), 14 voluntários diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2) (60 ± 11 anos; 79 ± 15 Kg; 162 ± 6,5 cm), realizaram um teste incremental (TI) em cicloergômetro. Após realização do teste incremental para identificação do LA, os voluntários realizaram 3 sessões experimentais em dias distintos: 20 minutos em bicicleta ergométrica a 90 e 110% LA (com a identificação do DL) e uma sessão controle (CON). Glicose sanguínea foi mensurada no repouso, aos 10 e 20 min do exercício ou na situação controle, bem como a cada 15 minutos durante 2 horas do período de recuperação pós-exercício (Rec). Teste t-student não identificou diferenças significantes entre LL e DL de variação 0 .ANOVA não identificou diferenças significantes nas concentrações de glicose sanguínea durante e após as sessões de 90 e 110% do LA. Ambas intensidades de exercício promoveram uma diminuição significativa nas concentrações de glicose comparadas ao CON. Redução significativa da glicemia foi observada aos 20 min de exercício (-41 + 15 mg.dl- 1), aos 15 min (-48 + 21 mg.dl-1) e 60 min da Rec pós sessão a 90% do LA enquanto que foi observada uma queda significativa da glicemia aos 10 e 20 min do exercício e aos 15, 30, 45, 60 e 90 min da Rec após sessão de 110% LA ambas em relação ao controle. O exercício de maior intensidade (110% LA) resultou em maior efeito hipoglicemiante e pode ser uma alternativa para um melhor controle da glicose sanguínea em diabéticos tipo 2 que não possuam problemas cardiovasculares ou outras complicações e restrições ao exercício realizado acima do LA. O DL de variação 0 poderia ser utilizado como um método submáximo para identificar o LL.

Objective: To compare glycemic index and load (GI and GL) in the usual diet of PCOS and control women and to investigate whether dietary GI and GL are associated with body composition and anthropometric and metabolic variables across PCOS phenotypes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University hospital outpatient clinic. Patients: 61 women with PCOS and 44 non-hirsute women with ovulatory cycles. Interventions: Metabolic work-up, biochemical and hormonal assays, assessment of body composition and rest metabolic rate, physical activity (pedometer), and food consumption (food frequency questionnaire). Main outcome measure(s): GI and GL. Results: Mean age was 23.7±6.3 years. The prevalence of obesity was 44.3% in PCOS women and 31.8% in controls. Median GI for the group was 58. PCOS patients with GI>58 had higher BMI, worse metabolic profile, and lower intake of fibers. GI was correlated with BMI in controls and with lipid accumulation product (LAP) in the PCOS group, and was higher in classic PCOS vs. other groups. Conclusions: Dietary GI is increased in PCOS patients, especially in the classic PCOS phenotype. Increased dietary GI is associated with a less favorable anthropometric and metabolic profile in PCOS.

Estudo caso-controle realizado no Centro de Saúde Escola (FMRP USP) em Ribeirão Preto SP, no período de 2010 a 2012. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a qualidade vida geral de dois grupos de pessoas com diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2: um com controle glicêmico satisfatório e outro com controle glicêmico insatisfatório. A hipótese a ser testada foi que uma boa qualidade de vida está associada a um melhor controle glicêmico nesses indivíduos. A amostra foi constituída por 90 usuários, sendo 30 casos e 60 controles, com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Foi considerado caso o paciente com o diabetes mellitus com controle glicêmico satisfatório e controle o paciente com controle glicêmico insatisfatório, avaliado por meio do resultado da hemoglobina glicada (A1c), realizada nos quatro meses anteriores à entrevista. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados três questionários: o WHOQOL BREF, o Teste de Morisky e Green e outro sobre condições sócio-demográficas e clínicas. Para a análise utilizou-se estatística descritiva e o Teste de Wilcoxon; considerou-se um nível de significância de 0,05 para todas as análises. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos entrevistados era do sexo feminino (78,8%), com idade média de 61 anos. Em relação à qualidade de vida, a proporção de controles que se auto-avaliam como satisfeitos foi maior do que nos casos e quanto ao grau de satisfação com a saúde, entre os mais satisfeitos também estão os controles, porém sem diferença estatística significante. Quando se comparou os resultados de cada domínio do WHOQOL-BREF entre os grupos caso e controle, pode-se observar que os dois grupos têm uma baixa satisfação da qualidade de vida no domínio psicológico (51,2 e 50,9), seguido do domínio físico (58,4 e 56,8); os domínios das relações sociais (86,9 e 78,8) e meio ambiente (69,2 e 64,0) foram os que mais se associaram positivamente à qualidade de vida dos entrevistados. As diferenças não apresentaram significância estatística entre os casos e controles nos domínios físico (p = 0,578) e psicológico (p = 0,948) e houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupos nos domínios relações pessoais (p = 0,045) e meio ambiente (p = 0,039). De acordo com o Teste de Morisky e Green, os dois grupos foram classificados como menos aderente, e a diferença entre os grupos não foi estatisticamente significante (p = 0,878). Os dados obtidos, no presente estudo, apontam que os aspectos ligados às relações sociais e ao meio ambiente devem ser priorizados nas atividades educativas que visem a melhoria do controle glicêmico dos indivíduos com diabetes mellitus. / Case-control study conducted at the School Health Center (University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School FMRP-USP) in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, from 2010 to 2012. This study aimed to compare the quality of life of two groups of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2: one with satisfactory glycemic control and another with poor glycemic control. The hypothesis to be tested was that a good quality of life is associated with better glycemic control in these individuals. The sample consisted of 90 users, being 30 cases and 60 controls diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Case was considered the patient with diabetes mellitus and with satisfactory glycemic control; and control, the patient with poor glycemic control, assessed through results of glycated hemoglobin (A1c), performed in the four months preceding the interview. To collect the data three questionnaires were used: the WHOQOL-BREF, the Morisky and Green Test, and one on socio-demographic and clinical conditions. For the analysis, the descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test were used; and the researchers considered a significance level of 0.05 for all analyzes. The results showed that the majority of respondents were female (78.8%) with an average age of 61 years. Regarding quality of life, the proportion of controls that self-assess as satisfied was higher than the cases; and regarding the degree of satisfaction with health, also the controls were among the most satisfied; however no statistically significant difference was found. When comparing the results of each domain of WHOQOL-BREF between case and control groups it can be observed that both groups have a low satisfaction of quality of life in psychological domain (51.2 and 50.9), followed by physical domain (58.4 and 56.8); domains of social relationships (86.9 and 78.8) and environment (69.2 and 64.0) were the most associated positively to quality of life of the respondents. The differences were not statistically significant between cases and controls considering physical (p=0.578) and psychological (p=0.948) domains; and the differences were statistically significant between the groups considering personal relationships (p=0.045) and environment (p=0.039) domains. According to the Morisky and Green Test, both groups were classified as \"less adherent\", and the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p=0.878). The data obtained in this study indicate that should be given priority to the aspects linked to social relations and environment in the educational activities aimed at improving glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 basile_lg_dr_arafcf.pdf: 670937 bytes, checksum: 31ebc03d1e00fdb390d2c7cfc07fe252 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito do consumo diário de suco de laranja pasteurizado sobre o estado nutricional, perfil lipídico, glicêmico e hemodinânico de 21 mulheres e 20 homens funcionários de uma universidade privada no município de São José do Rio Preto (SP). As mulheres receberam 500 mL de suco de laranja pasteurizado por dia e os homens 750 mL durante 8 semanas. Os métodos utilizados para a avaliação antropométrica foram: peso, altura, dobra cutânea tricipital, circunferência do braço e circunferência da cintura. Para a avaliação bioquímica foram realizadas dosagens de colesterol total, colesterol de HDL, triglicérides e glicemia. Para a avaliação hemodinâmica foram verificadas a pressão arterial sistólica e a diastólica. E para a avaliação dietética foi utilizado o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e o questionário de freqüência alimentar. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas antes e após o período experimental. Os resultados mostraram que o colesterol total reduziu em 8,6% entre os homens e 4,8% entre as mulheres e o colesterol de LDL em 8,8% entre os homens e 9,5% entre as mulheres após a ingestão do suco de laranja pasteurizado. O colesterol de HDL aumentou em 4,1% entre as participantes do sexo feminino; e a glicemia de jejum, pressão arterial diastólica e triglicérides diminuíram respectivamente em 4,7%, 7,9% e 9,3% entre os participantes do sexo masculino. Não foram verificadas modificações nas variáveis antropométricas, com exceção da circunferência da cintura que reduziu 2,5% entre as participantes do sexo feminino. O consumo do suco de laranja pasteurizado aumentou a ingestão de energia (23,5%) e carboidratos (29,3%) pelas mulheres; de vitamina C em 261,9% pelos homens e 72,1% pelas mulheres; e de folato em 53,2% pelos homens e 38,7% pelas mulheres. A análise sensorial mostrou que os participantes aprovaram... / This study aimed at analyzing the effect of daily consumption of pasteurized orange juice on the nutritional status and glycemic, lipid and hemodynamic profiles of 20 men and 21 women employees of a private university in the city of São José do Rio Preto (SP). Women received 500 mL of pasteurized orange juice daily and men, 750 mL, for 8 weeks. The used methods for the anthropometric evaluation were: weight, height, triceps skinfold, arm circumference and waist circumference. For the biochemical evaluation were performed measurements of total cholesterol, cholesterol of high density lipoprotein, triglycerids and glycemia. For the hemodynamic evaluation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was verified. For the dietetics evaluation was used the 24-hour food recollection and food frequency questionnaire. All evaluations were taken before and after the experimental period. The results have shown that the total cholesterol reduced 8,6% among men and 4,8% among women and cholesterol of low-density lipoprotein 8,8% among men and 9,5% among women after pasteurized orange juice ingestion. Cholesterol of high density lipoprotein has increased in 4,1% among the female participants, and fasting glycemia, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerids have decreased respectively in 4,7%, 7,9% and 9,3% among the male. Alterations on anthropometric variables were not shown, except on waist circumference, which has reduced 2,5% among female participants. Pasteurized orange juice consumption has increased women’s intake of energy (23,5%) and carbohydrates (29,3%) by women; the vitamin C in 261,9% by men and 72,1% by women; and folate in 53,2% by men and 38,7% by women. Sensory analysis has shown participants approved the quality of the product and added it easily to their regular diet. In brief, the study has shown that the regular ingestion of pasteurized orange juice, with daily doses of 500 mL for... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Estudo caso-controle realizado no Centro de Saúde Escola (FMRP USP) em Ribeirão Preto SP, no período de 2010 a 2012. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a qualidade vida geral de dois grupos de pessoas com diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2: um com controle glicêmico satisfatório e outro com controle glicêmico insatisfatório. A hipótese a ser testada foi que uma boa qualidade de vida está associada a um melhor controle glicêmico nesses indivíduos. A amostra foi constituída por 90 usuários, sendo 30 casos e 60 controles, com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Foi considerado caso o paciente com o diabetes mellitus com controle glicêmico satisfatório e controle o paciente com controle glicêmico insatisfatório, avaliado por meio do resultado da hemoglobina glicada (A1c), realizada nos quatro meses anteriores à entrevista. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados três questionários: o WHOQOL BREF, o Teste de Morisky e Green e outro sobre condições sócio-demográficas e clínicas. Para a análise utilizou-se estatística descritiva e o Teste de Wilcoxon; considerou-se um nível de significância de 0,05 para todas as análises. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos entrevistados era do sexo feminino (78,8%), com idade média de 61 anos. Em relação à qualidade de vida, a proporção de controles que se auto-avaliam como satisfeitos foi maior do que nos casos e quanto ao grau de satisfação com a saúde, entre os mais satisfeitos também estão os controles, porém sem diferença estatística significante. Quando se comparou os resultados de cada domínio do WHOQOL-BREF entre os grupos caso e controle, pode-se observar que os dois grupos têm uma baixa satisfação da qualidade de vida no domínio psicológico (51,2 e 50,9), seguido do domínio físico (58,4 e 56,8); os domínios das relações sociais (86,9 e 78,8) e meio ambiente (69,2 e 64,0) foram os que mais se associaram positivamente à qualidade de vida dos entrevistados. As diferenças não apresentaram significância estatística entre os casos e controles nos domínios físico (p = 0,578) e psicológico (p = 0,948) e houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupos nos domínios relações pessoais (p = 0,045) e meio ambiente (p = 0,039). De acordo com o Teste de Morisky e Green, os dois grupos foram classificados como menos aderente, e a diferença entre os grupos não foi estatisticamente significante (p = 0,878). Os dados obtidos, no presente estudo, apontam que os aspectos ligados às relações sociais e ao meio ambiente devem ser priorizados nas atividades educativas que visem a melhoria do controle glicêmico dos indivíduos com diabetes mellitus. / Case-control study conducted at the School Health Center (University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School FMRP-USP) in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, from 2010 to 2012. This study aimed to compare the quality of life of two groups of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2: one with satisfactory glycemic control and another with poor glycemic control. The hypothesis to be tested was that a good quality of life is associated with better glycemic control in these individuals. The sample consisted of 90 users, being 30 cases and 60 controls diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Case was considered the patient with diabetes mellitus and with satisfactory glycemic control; and control, the patient with poor glycemic control, assessed through results of glycated hemoglobin (A1c), performed in the four months preceding the interview. To collect the data three questionnaires were used: the WHOQOL-BREF, the Morisky and Green Test, and one on socio-demographic and clinical conditions. For the analysis, the descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test were used; and the researchers considered a significance level of 0.05 for all analyzes. The results showed that the majority of respondents were female (78.8%) with an average age of 61 years. Regarding quality of life, the proportion of controls that self-assess as satisfied was higher than the cases; and regarding the degree of satisfaction with health, also the controls were among the most satisfied; however no statistically significant difference was found. When comparing the results of each domain of WHOQOL-BREF between case and control groups it can be observed that both groups have a low satisfaction of quality of life in psychological domain (51.2 and 50.9), followed by physical domain (58.4 and 56.8); domains of social relationships (86.9 and 78.8) and environment (69.2 and 64.0) were the most associated positively to quality of life of the respondents. The differences were not statistically significant between cases and controls considering physical (p=0.578) and psychological (p=0.948) domains; and the differences were statistically significant between the groups considering personal relationships (p=0.045) and environment (p=0.039) domains. According to the Morisky and Green Test, both groups were classified as \"less adherent\", and the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p=0.878). The data obtained in this study indicate that should be given priority to the aspects linked to social relations and environment in the educational activities aimed at improving glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-29T18:10:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Renata Oliveira Santos.pdf: 1382777 bytes, checksum: 331bbbcbeb5b7d3a9f1d49008191a5b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T18:10:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Renata Oliveira Santos.pdf: 1382777 bytes, checksum: 331bbbcbeb5b7d3a9f1d49008191a5b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / CAPES / In the past few years the use of prebiotics in the making of dairy products has been gathering many supports, although the search for low cost raw-material to achieve that it still a big challenge, which highlights the potential to the development in the research for alternatives sources or new processes in order to obtain those ingredients. Besides, the need to reduces the additives in the diet has been mandatory to the consumers who wants a health diet, as a growing tendency in the food industry in the development of products with cleaner labels, which are known as clean label. In this context, the search and/or value of natural ingredients that contributes simultaneously for the improvement in the functional properties, sensory and technological of food products that make them essential. Among the sources of these ingredients, stands out the araruta (Maranta arundinacea L.) as unconventional food plants (PANC?s) from Marantaceas Family, which presents a food potential, nutritional, functional that is neglected. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the adding of araruta flours in the physical Chemical characteristics, rheological and in the growing of probiotic bacteria in the vanilla dairy dessert. In the Chapter I was developed and research in the literature in order to evaluate the sensory aspects and technological of prebiotics flours in the dairy products. In the Chapter II was performed a study of the prebiotic potential in the araruta flour, as well as, the effect of different % of these flours in the reological and technological of the mentioned dessert. It is possible to conclude that the particles size of the flours directed affected the texture of the desserts, once the flours with bigger size contributed to the increase in firmness of the dairy desserts. In addition, regarding the functional aspects, the araruta flour presented high level of resistent starch (29,47%) low IG(41,8), beyond the probiotic potential, which contribute to the increase number on the Lactobacillus Casey counting. Also, it was verified that % flour contribute to the reduction in the syneresis, rheological properties(flow behavior in oscillatory tests), texture (firmness and stickiness) and on the microscopical characteristics in the vanilla dairy dessert. / Nos ?ltimos anos, o uso de prebi?ticos na elabora??o de produtos l?cteos tem sofrido grande incentivo, embora a procura por mat?rias-primas de baixo custo para sua obten??o ainda seja um grande desafio, evidenciando um potencial para desenvolvimento de pesquisas de fontes alternativas ou novos processos de obten??o desses ingredientes. Al?m disso, a necessidade de redu??o de aditivos na dieta tem sido mandat?ria para os consumidores que buscam uma alimenta??o mais saud?vel, assim como, uma tend?ncia crescente da ind?stria de alimentos no desenvolvimento de produtos com r?tulos mais limpos, conhecidos como clean label. Neste contexto, a busca e/ou valoriza??o de ingredientes naturais que contribuam simultaneamente para a melhoria das propriedades funcionais, sensoriais e tecnol?gicas dos produtos aliment?cios se torna fundamental. Dentre as fontes desses ingredientes, destaca-se a araruta (Maranta arundinacea L.) uma planta aliment?cia n?o convencional (PANC) da fam?lia das Marantaceas que apresenta potencial aliment?cio, nutricional, funcional e tecnol?gico negligenciado. Assim, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adi??o de farinha de araruta nas caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas, reol?gicas e no crescimento de bact?rias probi?ticas de sobremesa l?ctea sabor baunilha. No Cap?tulo I deste trabalho foi realizada uma revis?o de literatura visando avaliar os aspectos sensoriais e tecnol?gicos do uso de farinhas prebi?ticas em produtos l?cteos. No Cap?tulo II foi realizado o estudo das propriedades f?sicas, funcionais (amido resistente e ?ndice glic?mico) e do potencial prebi?tico da farinha de araruta, bem como, o efeito de diferentes % dessa farinha nas propriedades reol?gicas e tecnol?gicas de uma sobremesa l?ctea sabor baunilha. Pode-se concluir que o tamanho de part?cula das farinhas afetou diretamente a textura das sobremesas, uma vez que, as farinhas com maior tamanho m?dio de part?culas contribu?ram para aumento da firmeza das sobremesas l?cteas. Com rela??o aos aspectos funcionais, a farinha de araruta apresentou elevado teor de amido resistente (29,47%), baixo IG (41,8), al?m de potencial prebi?tico contribuindo para o aumento da contagem de Lactobacillus casei. Foi verificado que % farinha contribui para redu??o da sin?rese, al?m de afetar as propriedades reol?gicas (comportamento de fluxo e ensaios oscilat?rio), na textura (firmeza e adesividade) e nas caracter?sticas microsc?picas da sobremesa l?ctea sabor baunilha.

Caregivers (CG) often neglect their own self-care which may have deleterious effects if CG have a chronic illness, such as diabetes. Care demands have been linked to CG health, although the mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of CG stress, depressive symptoms, and diabetes self-care practices on CG physical health (PH) and glycemic control (GC) in an underrepresented group of Hispanic CG with diabetes. A correlational design was used in a non-random sample of 42 Hispanic CG with diabetes (Type I or II) recruited from two health centers serving the uninsured. CG had diabetes for ≥ 6 months, were on average 48.0 (± 11.4) years old, 73.8% female, and 54.8 % with < 8th grade education. Care recipients were on average 53.9 (± 14.0) years old, 54.8 % male, and were functionally independent. Standard questionnaires for perceived caregiving stress (Caregiver Burden Scale), depressive symptoms (CES-D), diabetes self-care practices (Diabetes Care Profile), PH (PCS of the SF12v2) and CG characteristics were administered in person. GC was measured using the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c). Statistical analysis included correlations, t-tests, and multiple linear regression. On average CG had poor GC (HgbAlc M = 9.0, ± 2.12), but rated their PH better than others with diabetes. CG with high stress had more depressive symptoms (M = 23.75 ± 12.75) than CG with lower stress (M = 15.75 ± 12.01; t (40) = 2.00, p = .026). Almost half (40.5%) had depressive symptoms indicating possible clinical depression. The hypothesized models of caregiver stress, depressive symptoms, and self-care practices were not associated with CG PH (p > .05) or GC (p >.05); however, more persons in the household was associated with poor GC. This study provided support for the influence of CG stress on psychological health in the experience of Hispanic CG with diabetes. The findings of high levels of depressive symptoms and poor GC suggest the need for health care professionals to assess the psychological health of Hispanic CG and better educate them about the importance of GC for prevention of serious health problems.

Inledning: Surdeg är idag en trend som fångats av många och de flesta bagerier ochdagligvarubutiker säljer bröd som kallas för surdegsbröd. Ett traditionellt surdegsbröd är ettbröd där surdegen används som enda hävningsmedel i brödet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka skillnader i sensoriska egenskaper, utifrån ettkonsumentperspektiv, samt GI-värde mellan surdegsbröd, jästbröd och bröd bakat på bådesurdeg och jäst. Material och metod: Metoderna som användes var två olika konsumenttester för att bestämmaskillnader mellan de tre bröden, och en in vitro-metod för att bestämma GI-värde. Resultat: Resultatet visade att konsumenter känner skillnad mellan surdegsbröd och jästbrödoch mellan surdegsbröd och bröd bakat på både surdeg och jäst men däremot inte mellanjästbröd och bröd bakat på både surdeg och jäst. Den syrliga smaken i surdegsbröd minskar ombrödet bakas på både surdeg och jäst. GI-mätningen genom in vitro-metoden visade att brödetbakat på både surdeg och jäst hade lägst GI medan surdegsbrödet hade högst. Slutsats: Ett bröd bakat på både surdeg och jäst är mer likt ett jästbröd än ett surdegsbröd. In vitro-metoden är inte den mest tillförlitliga för att undersöka skillnader i GI för justsurdegsbröd samtidigt som surdegsbrödets pH-värde kan ha varit för högt för att kunna sänkabrödets GI-värde. Inga slutsatser kunde därför dras från GI-mätningen. / Introduction: Sourdough is today a trend that has been caught by many and most bakeries andgrocery stores sell bread called “Sourdough bread”. Traditional sourdough bread is bread wherethe sourdough is used as only leavening agent. Purpose: The purpose was to examine differences in sensory attributes, from a consumerperspective, and glycemic index between sourdough bread, yeast bread and bread baked withboth sourdough and yeast. Material and Method: The methods used were two different consumer tests to determinedifferences between the three breads, and an in vitro-method for determining the glycemicindex. Result: The results showed that consumers can sense the difference between sourdough breadand yeast bread and between sourdough bread and bread baked with both sourdough and yeastbut not between yeast bread and bread baked with both sourdough and yeast. The sourish tasteof sourdough bread decreases if the bread is baked with both sourdough and yeast. Theglycemic index measurements by the in vitro-method showed that the bread baked with bothsourdough and yeast had the lowest glycemic index value whilst the sourdough bread had thehighest. Conclusion: Bread baked with both sourdough and yeast more resembles yeast bread thansourdough bread. The in vitro-method is not the most reliable for examining differences inglycemic index value for sourdough bread meanwhile the pH-value of the sourdough breadmay have been too high to be able to lower the glycemic value of the bread. No conclusionscould therefore be made from the glycemic index measurements.

This purpose of this thesis was to develop a pilot study to determine if omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 will improve body weight loss and improve risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome within a weight loss program. Risk factors include obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Thirty-five men and women between 18 and 65 years of age with risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome were recruited for this study. All participants followed an energy-restricted, low glycemic-index based diet and exercise program for 16 weeks. Half of these participants received omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin D3 supplements. In those that received these supplements, it was seen that their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 levels and incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid into red blood cell phospholipids improved. The effect of supplementation on changes to body weight and risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome did not reach significance (p<0.05). It was however demonstrated, that an energy-restricted, low glycemic index diet with exercise was effective in inducing weight loss and improving Metabolic Syndrome risk factors with a 50% reduction in participants who had the criteria for diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome by week 16.

Background: The number of adults affected by diabetes mellitus in developing countries, such as South Africa, is projected to grow by 170%, from 84 to 228 million people between 1995 and 2025 .This high and increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide, and the economic burden of diabetes on developing countries like South Africa emphasizes the importance of ensuring good glycemic control so as to slow down the rate of disease progression and prevent complications. The district health care facilities are the foundation of the health care system of South Africa. The current practice is that diabetics have a point of care random blood glucose (RBG) done on the morning of their clinic appointment and this is used as a form of assessment of glycemic control during the consultation. For further clinical decision making a HbA1c is done once a year as a benchmark of glycemic control. The practical clinical question that arises is whether the assumptions underlying local clinical decision making using the RBG are valid and to what extent RBG can be used to guide clinical management. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the strength of the correlation between RBG and HbA1c and to make recommendations for the interpretation of RBG results in adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes taken at Karl Bremer District Hospital out-patient department. The objectives were: To determine glycaemic control in the study population and compare differences between age, sex and racial groups , and determine the RBG cut-off with the best sensitivity and specificity for predicting poor glycaemic control (HbA1c>7.0% ) as well as the predictive value, likelihood ratio and pre/post-test odds and probability at this cut off. Methods: A retrospective analysis of existing hospital data and the HbA1c tests requested from the NHLS by Karl Bremer Hospital over the 2011 year period. The data was analysed by means of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the value of RBG with the best combination of sensitivity and specificity to predict poor control of diabetes. A p-value of < 0.05 was assumed to represent statistical significance and 95% confidence intervals were used to describe the estimation of unknown parameters. HbA1c level of < = 7% was taken as representing good control and > 7% poor control. Results: Data was obtained on 349 diabetic patients of whom 203 (58.2%) were female and 146 (41.8%) male. This study population had a mean age of 54.7 years, mean RBG of 13.0mmol/l and mean HBA1c of 9.4%. The total number of black patients was 79 (23%), coloured patients 147 (42%) and white patients 122 (35) % and their mean RBG were 15.4 mmol/l, 12.8 mmol/l and 11.9 mol/l respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between increasing RBG and increasing HbA1c (p< 0.01). The best value obtained on the ROC curve was an RBG of 9.8 mmol/l, which had a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 0.88, positive likelihood ratio 3.08 and post-test probability of 88.2% for predicting an HbA1c above 7%. Conclusion: It was concluded that a moderate correlation exists between RBG and HbA1c in this population of diabetic patients. .The best RBG for determining poor control, defined as a HbA1c>7.0%, was found to be 9.8mmol/l and this RBG had a sensitivity of 77% , specificity of 75% and positive predictive value of 88%. Significant differences were found in pre- and post -test probability for different racial groups. Point of care testing using this level of RBG for clinical decision making will inappropriately categorise 23% of patients in this population and therefore introducing point of care testing for HbA1c is recommended.