No mês de outubro de 2007 a Comissão Nacional de Cartografia (CONCAR) lançou uma norma cartográfica composta de especificações técnicas para Estruturação de Dados Geoespaciais Digitais Vetoriais (EDGV) para a realização do mapeamento topográfico sistemático no Brasil. No mês de novembro de 2008 foi publicado o Decreto n 6666, que institui a Infra-Estrutura Nacional de Dados Espaciais e ratifica o uso das normas homologadas pela CONCAR, pelas instituições Federais. Este trabalho realiza dois requisitos, a saber: (a) fornece um esquema relacional alinhado as especificações da EDGV e (b) implementa um protótipo, com vistas a sua utilização no processo de restituição fotogramétrica nas instituições públicas responsáveis pelo mapeamento topográfico no Brasil. A implementação é realizada em ambiente de software livre. Também é importante salientar o caráter educacional da plataforma de software a ser implementada, para que o seu uso seja também direcionado para o ensino teórico e prático da fotogrametria digital nas instituições de ensino e pesquisa. / The National Commission of Cartography (CONCAR) in October 2007 launched a pattern composed of standard specifications for Structuring of Digital Geospatial Data Vector (EDGV) for systematic topographic mapping production in Brazil. In November of 2008 it was published the Decree n 6666, that established the National Spatial Data Infrastructure and ratified the use of standards approved by CONCAR. This work accomplishes two goals: (a) to provide a relational schema specification aligned with the EDGV and; (b) to provide an implementation of a prototype, for using in the photogrammetric restitution of topographic mapping in Brazil. The implementation is performed in an environment of free software, according to the GNU/GPL approch. It is also important to emphasize the educational character of the software to be implemented so that its use is also directed to the theoretical and practical studies of digital photogrammetry in the institutions of education and research.

Thesis (MSc Consumer Science)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Please see fulltext for abstract / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien asb volteks vir opsomming

[pt] O rádio cognitivo é uma tecnologia que visa o compartilhamento do espectro radioelétrico entre usuários primários licenciados e os demais usuários secundários de maneira harmoniosa, sem provocar interferências que prejudiquem a prestação dos serviços e visando uma melhoria na eficiência do uso do espectro radioelétrico, que é um recurso cada vez mais escasso. No âmbito da pesquisa referente a esta dissertação, é construído e implementado no GNU Radio um esquema de avaliação de desempenho de detectores para rádio cognitivo, é construído o detector de energia, e são implementadas simulações computacionais e ensaios por meio de duas USRP para avaliar o desempenho do detector criado, visando os requisitos do padrão IEEE 802.22. / [en] Cognitive radio is a technology that aims to share the radio spectrum between licensed primary users and other secondary users in a harmonious way without causing interference that prevent the services provision and aiming at an improvement in the efficiency in the use of the radioelectric spectrum, which is a resource increasingly scarce. In the scope of the research related to this dissertation, a performance evaluation scheme of cognitive radio detectors is constructed and implemented in GNU Radio, the energy detector is constructed, and computational simulations and tests are implemented through two USRPs to evaluate the performance of the detector created, targeting the requirements of the IEEE 802.22 standard.

No mês de outubro de 2007 a Comissão Nacional de Cartografia (CONCAR) lançou uma norma cartográfica composta de especificações técnicas para Estruturação de Dados Geoespaciais Digitais Vetoriais (EDGV) para a realização do mapeamento topográfico sistemático no Brasil. No mês de novembro de 2008 foi publicado o Decreto n 6666, que institui a Infra-Estrutura Nacional de Dados Espaciais e ratifica o uso das normas homologadas pela CONCAR, pelas instituições Federais. Este trabalho realiza dois requisitos, a saber: (a) fornece um esquema relacional alinhado as especificações da EDGV e (b) implementa um protótipo, com vistas a sua utilização no processo de restituição fotogramétrica nas instituições públicas responsáveis pelo mapeamento topográfico no Brasil. A implementação é realizada em ambiente de software livre. Também é importante salientar o caráter educacional da plataforma de software a ser implementada, para que o seu uso seja também direcionado para o ensino teórico e prático da fotogrametria digital nas instituições de ensino e pesquisa. / The National Commission of Cartography (CONCAR) in October 2007 launched a pattern composed of standard specifications for Structuring of Digital Geospatial Data Vector (EDGV) for systematic topographic mapping production in Brazil. In November of 2008 it was published the Decree n 6666, that established the National Spatial Data Infrastructure and ratified the use of standards approved by CONCAR. This work accomplishes two goals: (a) to provide a relational schema specification aligned with the EDGV and; (b) to provide an implementation of a prototype, for using in the photogrammetric restitution of topographic mapping in Brazil. The implementation is performed in an environment of free software, according to the GNU/GPL approch. It is also important to emphasize the educational character of the software to be implemented so that its use is also directed to the theoretical and practical studies of digital photogrammetry in the institutions of education and research.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YURI PONTES MACIEL.pdf: 3993729 bytes, checksum: a06d968ea944e726fa6263339ad70976 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / This paper describes by theoretical conceptualization and pratical experiences two relevant themes of electrical engineering and communications: software defined radio and the Brazilian digital television standard. This paper develops a specific modulator aimed to the portable reception of this digital television system, many times denominated as oneseg reception, by means of computational algorithms developed in the C++ programming language. These algorithms are executed in a development environment named GNU Radio, a open-source tool. Computer simulations are made to prove the correct behaviour of the project. Finnaly the modulator is implemented by means of a development kit of software defined radio then chained to a real communication system, thus proving its practical operation. It is also possible to verify the versatility of the software defined radio, changing the modulator parameters in a fast and easy fashion. / Este trabalho aborda por meio de conceituação teórica e experiências práticas dois temas relevantes da engenharia elétrica e de comunicações: rádios definidos por software e o padrão de televisão digital usado no Brasil. Este trabalho desenvolve um modulador específico para recepção portátil deste sistema de televisão digital, muitas vezes chamada de recepção one-seg, por meio da elaboração de algoritmos computacionais feitos na linguagem de programação C++. Estes algoritmos por sua vez são executados em um ambiente de desenvolvimento chamado GNU Radio, uma ferramenta do tipo open-source. Simulações computacionais são feitas de modo a comprovar o funcionamento do projeto. Finalmente o modulador é implementado em um kit de desenvolvimento de rádio definido por software e então encadeado em um sistema de comunicação real, assim comprovando o seu funcionamento prático. É possível também verificar a versatilidade do rádio definido por software, alterando as configurações do modulador de maneira rápida e prática.

Capturar e analisar pacotes de dados que trafegam pelas redes são tarefas essenciais para os administradores de redes. Estas tarefas ajudam na detecção de anomalias nos sistemas e na verificação do estado atual da rede. Existem várias aplicações que desempenham este papel para o sistema operacional GNU/Linux. Estes programas também exportam informações para os usuários e outras aplicações de várias maneiras. Entretanto, não exportam estas informações de forma hierárquica. Esta pesquisa propõe uma arquitetura alternativa aos sistemas atuais. Nossa arquitetura exporta pacotes de dados em uma estrutura hierárquica de arquivos e diretórios. Além disso, por se tratar de uma arquitetura modular, filtros adicionais, desenvolvidos por terceiros, podem ser adicionados ao sistema. A arquitetura proposta acompanha uma implementação de referência: o sistema de arquivos virtuais netsfs (Network Statistics File System), que funciona em espaço de núcleo (kernel space). A arquitetura e o sistema de arquivos netsfs, propostos nesta pesquisa, apresentam um método alternativo para exibir os pacotes de redes. Os resultados mostraram uma aparente melhoria no que diz respeito à vazão da rede. / Capturing and analyzing data packets flowing across networks are essential tasks for network administrators. These tasks help to detect anomalies in the systems and check the current status of a network. There are software applications for the GNU/Linux operating system which perform such tasks. These tools also export their information to users and other applications in different ways. However, current systems do not export this information in a hierarchical manner. This research introduces an alternative architecture to current systems. Our architecture exports data packets in a hierarchical structure of directories and files. Furthermore, since this is a modular architecture, additional third-party filters can be developed and loaded into the system. The proposed architecture comes with a reference implementation: the pseudo file system netsfs (Network Statistics File System), in kernel space. The architecture and the pseudo file system netsfs, developed in this research, introduce an alternative method to display data packets. Results show an apparent improvement regarding network throughput

The exponential growth of research and deployment of 5G networks has led to an increased interest in massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), as we are on the quest to connect all devices. This can be attributed to the constant development of long-distance and low-powered Internet-of- Things (IoT) technologies, or, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies such as Long-Range (LoRa) and Narrow Band- IoT (NB-IoT). These technologies are gaining prominence in the IoT domain as the number of LPWAN connected devices has doubled from 2018 to 2019. This increase in devices warrants a proportional number of gateways to push the data to the Internet for further analytics. The traditional LPWAN architectures do not provide dynamic scaling of resources or energy-efficient solutions. Thus, a Cloud-Native (CN) split architecture based on the functional characteristics of the components is a necessity. In this work, a software-based implementation of the LoRa stack on GNU Radio is designed and implemented using Software-Defined Radio (SDR). The LoRa gateway is implemented in software completely, replicating the functions of the hardware for communicating with any LoRa Network Server. Several experiments with different setups have been performed on the testbed to measure the resource utilization and packet delay of the LoRa Physical (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers. Also, the testbed has been moved into Docker containers to emulate a cloud-based platform and make the transition faster. Higher throughput and lower delay (Improvement in the range of 1.3x - 6.7x) were recorded upon splitting the testbed into Radio Head (RH) and Edge containers. Finally, three potential functional split architectures including the gateway have been discussed while providing a fair trade-off between pooling gain and consumed bandwidth for a CN split architecture. / Den exponentiella tillväxten av forskning och distribution av 5G-nät har lett till ett ökat intresse för massive Machine Type Communicationsn (mMTC) eftersom vi är på jakt att ansluta alla enheter. Detta kan tillskrivas den ständiga utvecklingen av långdistans- och lågdrivna Internet-of-Things-teknologier (IoT) -teknologier, eller, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) tekniker som Long-Range (LoRa) och Narrow Band- IoT (NB-IoT). Dessa teknologier blir framträdande inom IoT-domänen eftersom antalet LPWAN-anslutna enheter har fördubblats från 2018 till 2019. Denna ökning av enheterna motiverar ett proportionellt antal portar för att driva data till Internet för ytterligare analys. De traditionella LPWAN-arkitekturerna ger inte dynamisk skalning av resurser eller energieffektiva lösningar. Således är en moln-infödd delad arkitektur baserad på funktionernas egenskaper hos komponenterna en nödvändighet. I detta arbete designas och implementeras en programvarubaserad implementering av LoRa-stacken på GNU Radio med hjälp av Software- Defined Radio (SDR). LoRa-gatewayen implementeras i mjukvara fullständigt, vilket replikerar maskinvarans funktioner för att kommunicera med någon LoRaNetwork Server. Flera experiment med olika inställningar har utförts på testbädden för att mäta resursutnyttjandet och paketfördröjningen för LoRa Physical (PHY) och Medium Access Control (MAC) -skikten. Testbädden har också flyttats in i Docker-behållare för att emulera en molnbaserad plattform och göra övergången snabbare. Högre genomströmning och lägre fördröjning (Förbättring inom intervallet 1,3x - 6,7x) registrerades vid uppdelning av testbädden i Radio Head (RH) och Edge containrar. Slutligen har tre potentiella funktionella splitarkitekturer inklusive gateway diskuterats samtidigt som det ger en rättvis avvägning mellan pooling av vinst och förbrukad bandbredd.

The Internet of Things holds great promises for the future. In the smart cities of tomorrow, wireless connectivity of everyday objects is deemed essential in ensuring efficient and sustainable use of vital, yet limited resources such as water, electricity and food. However, radio communication at the required scale does not come easily. Bandwidth is yet another limited resource that must be used efficiently so that wireless infrastructure for different IoT applications can coexist. Keeping up with the digitalization of modern society is difficult for wireless researchers and developers. The Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is a technology that allows swift prototyping and development of wireless systems by moving traditional hardware-based radio building blocks into the software domain. For developers looking to be on the bleeding edge of wireless technology, and thus keep up with the rapid digitalization, the SDR is a must. Many SDR systems consist of a radio peripheral that handles tasks such as amplification, AD/DA-conversion and resampling that are common to all wireless communication systems. The application-specific work is done in software at the baseband or an intermediate frequency by a host PC connected to the peripheral. That may include PHY-related processing such as the use of a specific modulation scheme as well as higher-layer tasks such as switching. While this setup does provide great flexibility and ease-of-use, it is not without its drawbacks. Many communication protocols specify a so-called round-trip time and devices wishing to adhere to the protocol must be able to respond to any transmission within that time. The link between the host and the peripheral is a major cause of latency and limits the use of many software-defined radio systems to proof-of-concept implementations and early prototyping since it prevents the round-trip time from being fulfilled. Overcoming the latency in the link would allow the flexibility of SDRs to be brought into field applications.This thesis aims to offload the link between the host PC and the radio peripheral in a typical SDR system. Selected parts IEEE 802.15.4, a wireless standard designed for IoT applications, were implemented by using unused programmable logic aboard the peripheral as a co-processor in order to reduce the amount of data that gets sent on the link. Frame success rate and round-trip time measurements were made and compared to measurements from a reference design without any co-processing in the radio peripheral. The co-processing greatly reduced traffic on the link while achieving a similar frame success rate as the reference design. In terms of round-trip time, the co-processing actually caused the latency to increase. Furthermore, the measurements from the coprocessing system showed a counter-intuitive behavior where the round-trip time decreased as the rate of the generated test frames increased. This unusual behavior is most likely due to internal buffer mechanisms of the operating system on the host PC. Further investigation is required in order to bring down the response time to a level more suitable for field applications. / Sakernas Internet, The Internet of Things (IoT), utlovar stora saker inom en snar framtid. I morgondagens smarta städer är trådlös uppkoppling av vardagliga ting en viktig komponent för effektiv och hållbar användning av begränsade resurser såsom vatten, elektricitet och mat. Desvärre är radiokommunikation i den skala som krävs en tuff utmaning. Bandbredd är ytterligare en begränsad resurs som måste användas effektivt så att trådlös infrastruktur för olika IoTapplikationer kan samexistera. Att hänga med i takten för det moderna samhällets digitalisering är svårt för forskare och utvecklare inom trådlösa system. Den mjukvarudefinierade radion, Software-Defined Radio (SDR), är en teknik som möjliggör smidig utveckling av trådlösa system. Grunden i tekniken är att flytta traditionella hårdvarubaserade byggblock för radio in i mjukvarudomänen. För utvecklare som vill befinna sig i framkanten för trådlösa system, och på så vis hålla takt med den snabba digitaliseringen, är SDR ett måste. Många SDR system består av en extern radiomodul som hanterar sådant som är gemensamt för de flesta trådlösa system, exempelvis förstärkning, AD/DA-omvandling och omsampling. Applikationsspecifik funktionalitet sköts av mjukvara i basbandet eller på en mellanfrekvens där mjukvaran körs på en PC. Ett SDR-system bestående av en PC med en extern radiomodul ger användaren stor flexibilitet men det har sina brister. Många kommunikationsprotokoll anger en så kallad Round-Trip Time (RTT). Enheter som strävar efter att följa protokollet måste kunna svara på alla meddelanden inom den tiden som angetts som RTT. Länken mellan PC:n och radiomodulen är en stor bidragare till fördröjningar och begränsar användandet av SDR till konceptuella tester och tidiga prototyper efter som fördröjningarna oftar innebär ett brott mot protokollets RTT. Om problemet med fördröjningar kan undvikas skulle SDR kunna användas i fältapplikationer med all den flexibilitet som SDR innebär och därmed bli ett kraftfullt utvecklingsverktyg för forskare och utvecklare inom området.Det här arbetet avser att avlasta länken mellan PC:n och radiomodulen i ett typiskt SDR system. Utvalda delar av IEEE 802.15.4, en standard för trådlös kommunikation inom IoT, implementerades med hjälp av programmerbar logik på USRP:n så att de flesta samplingarna konsumeras innan länken. Antalet framgångsrikt mottagna ramar samt RTT mättes och jämfördes med en referensdesign där samtliga beräkningar hanteras av PC:n. Användandet av den programmerbara logiken ledde till mycket reducerade datamängder på länken utan nämnvärd förändring i antalet framgångsrikt mottagna ramar jämfört med referensdesignen. Dock, vart fördröjningarna i systemet större när den programmerbara logiken användes. Dessutom visade systemet ett oväntat beteende där fördröjningen minskade under när trycket från den trådlösa trafiken ökade. Detta märkliga beteende beror högst troligt på interna buffermekanismer i operativsystemet i PC:n. Fortsatt utredning krävs innan fördröjningarna kan reduceras till en nivå som passar för fältapplikationer.

This paper will present the hardware system design, development, and plan for implementation of a wireless transceiver for The Learning Labs 5000 (TLL5000) educational platform. The project is a collaborative effort by Vanessa Canac, Atif Habib, and Jason Perkey to design and implement a complete wireless system including physical hardware, physical layer (PHY-layer) modulation and filters, error correction, drivers and user-interface software. While there are a number of features available on the TLL5000 for a wide variety of applications, there is currently no system in place for transmitting data wirelessly from one circuit board to another. The system proposed in this report is comprised of an external transceiver that communicates with a software application running on the TLL-SILC 6219 ARM9 processor that is interfaced with the TLL5000 baseboard. The details of a reference design, the hardware from the GNU Radio project, are discussed as a baseline and source of information. The state of the project and hardware design is presented as well as the specific portions of the project to which Jason Perkey made significant contributions. / text

My dissertation studies the political and corporate reasons behind the adoption of free and open source software technologies in a developing nation, India. This study also attempts to understand the significance of these grassroots technologies for India as it plays on a global arena. How do “free” and “open source software” movements develop in an Indian context and bridge digital divides? The core of the first chapter will establish the questions investigated in this study as well as the significance of this interdisciplinary project for India. It is also important to understand that the varied roles of governments and corporations supporting a new technology, are crucial to its success. Chapter 2 studies the motivations of the Indian government towards adopting free and open-source technologies. The motivations of the industry are different from governmental motivations. In chapter 3, the landscape of Indian software industry players and their reasons for supporting these software technologies are discussed. How do governmental and industry motivations translate? Are they successful and do they live up to their hype? Chapter 4 distinguishes between the hype and reality of the software landscape in India and presents a larger picture of the controversies surrounding software development, in general. A concluding essay of chapter 5 couches the entire project within the process of globalization, speculating its significance for sustainable global information flows.