Consumption of prepared foods is increasing dramatically. A more harried lifestyle, the changing role of women --and men, the advancement of household appliances, and improvements in food processing technology have all played significant roles in this increase. This study identifies prepared food users and non-users and compares their psychographic and demographic profiles. Study results are presented and implications drawn from the results are discussed.

This study measured the grocery shopping behavior of households through a hand delivered and hand retrieved questionnaire. The focus of this study was the identification of the convenience store as a place where grocery shoppers purchase fill-in grocery items between major supermarket trips. The survey measured the shopping behavior of households toward supermarkets and the shopping behavior of the households toward convenience stores. This study replicates the Sequence of Effects Model of grocery shopping behavior and a grocery shopping strategy typology to address the issue of how convenience store patrons differ from non patrons in their attitudes and behavior toward grocery shopping and in their attitudes and behavior toward their primary supermarkets. This research also addressed the differences in relationships with the primary convenience store among patrons with different rates of patronage. The attitude of grocery shoppers regarding their trust of supermarkets to have fair prices and quality products was found to influence their perception of their primary supermarkets. Grocery shoppers were also found to express an inverse relationship between the feelings of time pressure during fill-in grocery shopping trips and their perception of their primary supermarkets. The typology of grocery shoppers was found to describe different convenience store patrons as well as supermarket patrons. Typology membership indicates the likelihood of a shopper being a convenience store patron. Convenience store patrons were found to give lower evaluations to their primary supermarkets, to feel greater time pressure during fill-in shopping, and to be less involved in information search than non patrons. They were also found to have larger evoked sets than grocery shoppers who do not patronize convenience stores. Convenience store patrons were found to hold greater feelings of personalization and socialization with their primary convenience store when they had greater frequency rates. The supermarket was found to be the store of choice for fill-in grocery shopping by an overwhelming majority of grocery shoppers. The study results show theoretical, methodological, and substantive implications concerning grocery shopping behavior and the patronage of convenience stores. This study concludes with suggestions for future research. / Ph. D.

During the last decades organizations have made large investments in Information Technology (IT). The effects of these investments have been studied in business and academic communities over the years. A large amount of research has been conducted on the relation between the investments in IT and productivity growth. Productivity is a central measure of national and organizational success and is often considered in economic decisionmaking. Researchers have however found it difficult to present a clear-cut answer to the effect of IT investments on productivity growth; an inability defined as the productivity paradox. Within the Impact of IT on Productivity (ITOP) research program the relevance of the productivity measure as an indicator of the value of IT is questionned. IT has over the years replaced physical interfaces with digital and in this way enabled new ways to process information. A retrospective research approach is therefore applied where the effects of digitized information flows are studied within specific organizational settings. In this thesis the effects of digitized information flows within Swedish grocery distribution are studied. A comprehensive presentation of the development is first conducted and three focal areas are thereafter presented. These describe supply chain information flows including order information, information on new items and analysis of point-of-sales information. The presentation of the focal areas identifies a number of effects from the digitization of information flows. The effects are analyzed according to a predefined analytical framework. The effects are divided into five categories and are thereafter evaluated when it comes to potential for generating value. The study shows that the digitization of information flows has generated numerous, multifaceted effects. Automational, informational, transformational, consumer surplus and other effects are observed. They are difficult to evaluate using a single ndicator. Specific indicators that are closely related to the effects can however be defined. The study also concludes that the productivity measure does not capture all positive effects generated by digitized information flows. / <p>ISRN/Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2005:39</p>

E-handeln har efter pandemins utbrott genomgått en starkt framträdande förändring inom den svenska dagligvaruhandeln. Livsmedel har i motsats till andra branschorganisationer inom detaljhandeln inte uppnått samma tillväxt och det påvisas ett tydligt mönster att dagligvaruhandeln är på väg mot samma förändring. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur konsumenternas upplevelser och beteendemönster har förändrats inom dagligvaruhandeln i Sverige. Restriktionerna uppmuntrade konsumenterna att tänka om och få dem att använda digitala plattformar. Studien grundar sig i en kvalitativ intervjustudie med respondenter som utför sin livsmedelshandel online. Litteraturöversikten bygger på litteratur som relaterar till ämnet samt begrepp som är relevanta till studien. Empirin har sedan analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analysmetod. Målet är att undersöka konsumenternas positiva och negativa upplevelser sedan de började handla dagligvaror online. Från den insamlade empirin går det utläsa hur respondenterna har upplevt att byta från traditionella fysiska butiker till att handla online. Empirin påvisar att många av de tillfrågade tycker att det är smidigt, bekvämt, tidssparande med e-handel men även hur stor påverkan pandemin har haft på respondenternas konsumtionsmönster. / E-commerce has during the pandemic undergone a noticeable change in the Swedish grocery trade. In contrast to other industry organizations in the retail trade, groceries has not achieved the same growth and there is a clear pattern that the grocery trade is heading for the same change. The purpose of the study is to investigate how consumers' experiences and behavior patterns have changed within the grocery trade in Sweden. The restrictions encouraged consumers to rethink and make them use digital platforms. The study is based on a qualitative interview study with respondents who do their grocery trade online. The literature review is based on literature that relates to the subject as well as concepts that are relevant to the study. The experience has then been analyzed using a thematic analysis method. The aim is to investigate consumers' positive and negative experiences since they started shopping groceries online. From the collected empirical data, it is possible to deduce how the respondents have experienced switching from traditional physical stores to shopping online. The experience shows that many of the respondents think that e-commerce is smooth, convenient, time-saving, but also how much of an impact the pandemic has had on the respondents' consumption patterns.

Bakgrund: Handeln är en av de branscher i Sverige som har den högsta personalomsättningen, vilket i sin tur resulterar i höga personal- och rekryteringskostnader. Flertalet studier visar att det finns ett samband mellan de anställdas grad av motivation och viljan de har att stanna kvar inom organisationen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vad som motiverar de anställda till att fortsätta sitt arbete inom dagligvaruhandeln. Studiens teoretiska referensram tar sin utgångspunkt i utvalda områden från Frederick Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori som syftar till att vissa faktorer kan leda till en ökad arbetsmotivation hos de anställda och därför motivera dem till att fortsätta sin anställning. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie är att beskriva och analysera vilka faktorer som motiverar anställda till att fortsätta sitt arbete inom dagligvaruhandeln. Studiens forskningsfrågor är utformade enligt följande: ●  Hur skapas motivation i de anställdas arbetsuppgifter? ●  Hur skapas motivation till utveckling? ●  Hur skapas motivation till de anställdas prestationer? Metod: För att besvara det ställda syftet utfördes en kvalitativ studie i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda från en organisation inom dagligvaruhandeln. Slutsats: Föreliggande studie visar att de faktorer som kan motivera anställda till att fortsätta sin anställning inom dagligvaruhandeln är ansvar samt återkoppling. Studien visar på en bristande motivation hos de anställda och många är därför på väg att lämna sin anställning. Nyckelord: arbetsmotivation, dagligvaruhandel, personalomsättning

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<p>Intraurban consumer behaviour is explained in this thesis by a conventional scientific method - a hypothesis about why we shop where we shop is empirically tested by observation and model calibration. Dynamic theory of the individual relative choice and a description of the spatial context of the perceived retail structure of Hamilton, Ontario, form the groundbase for hypothesizing a set of areal generalizations for single-stop, single-purpose shopping trips. The generalizations are 'general' statements about why people shop where they shop; specifically, grocery trips should be to an outlet located in the nearest shopping centre to place of residence, while non-grocery trips should be either to an outlet located in a nearby shopping centre when shopping for low-value goods, or to an outlet located anywhere in the city when shopping for high-value goods. The reason why these destinations should be chosen is so as to either maintain acquired utility levels over time when grocery, or low-value non-grocery, shopping or maximize acquired utility at one finite time period when high value non-grocery shopping. The areal generalisations are then tested by constructing trip flow maps and calibrating a multinomial logit model, using an observed aggregate shopping trip data set for Hamilton, Ontario. Both the floe maps of single-stop, single-purpose shopping trips and the estimated logit model coefficients and elasticity statistics, verify the areal generalisations. Thus the observed shopping trip flows for Hamilton, Ontario can be explained by the hypothesized areal generalisations; however, the mode of explanation can be spatially transferred to any city as the temporal relative choice theory of individual behaviour is universal. All that is required is a description of the spatial context in which the choice theory continues to operate. The thesis has thus shown how a conventional scientific method can explain rational behaviour, where to be "rational" is to be human, not deterministic.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)