The environmental instruments to environmental measuring will be analyzed and questioned. An absence of biological instruments will be indicated and the controversial discussion between the economy and biology is also approached. The economy as dominant science has developed instruments that will be accepted as universal languages. On the other hand the biological factors and the environmental services will be transformed in money, which may be a danger for the environmental preservation. The second part of the article is focused on the instruments developed for measuring the worth of forest. / Se presentan y discuten los instrumentos ambientales que nos permiten llevar a cifras y valorizarlos servicios ecosistémicos. En tal sentido se plantea la falta de instrumentos desarrollados desde las ciencias naturales. Se llama la atención en este vacío y cuestiona la validez de los instrumentos meramente económicos. En la segunda parte el artículo se centra en los instrumentos desarrollados para la medición del valor de los bosques.

Orientador: Antonio Fernando da Conceição Passos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T15:48:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AdrianaAlvesda_M.pdf: 8158050 bytes, checksum: bfe583aaeda1cfb8a1af6f7abc29cebc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O presente trabalho insere-se na Linha de Pesquisa Cinema Ficcional -História e Processos Criativos e apresenta os percursos da dimensão estética da comunicação cinematográfica, visando o desenvolvimento de linguagem audiovisual. Inspirada pela literatura de Clarice Lispector. Registrei o processo criativo e elaborei três roteiros para vídeo: ¿A mãe¿, ¿Aqui passa o amor?¿ e ¿A Imitação de Clarice¿. Tendo como referência a Poética do Cotidiano e o universo feminino em, ou melhor, com Clarice Lispector, trabalhei com contos, crônicas e cartas publicadas da autora, como material inspirador e desencadeador do despertar da minha subjetividade como elemento essencial no processo criativo / Abstract: The present work inserts itself in the Research Line Ficcional Cinema - History and Creative Processes and presents the passages of the aesthetic dimension of the cinematographic communication, aiming at the development of audiovisual language. Inspired by Clarice's Lispector literature. I registered the creative process and I elaborated three video scripts: "The mother", "Does Love pass here?" and "The Imitation of Clarice". Having as reference the Daily Poetics and the feminine universe in, or better, with Clarice Lispector, I worked with stories, chronicles and published letters of the author, as an inspiring material of the awakening of my subjectivity as essential element in the creative process / Mestrado / Mestre em Multimeios

Os modelos de simulação devem ser ajustados para que os valores dos parâmetros e variáveis de entrada forneçam resultados que melhor representem os valores observados. Assim, face às imprecisões a que estão sujeitos os resultados obtidos a partir do ajuste, há a necessidade de implementar métodos que permitam a avaliação das incertezas, quer seja nos parâmetros de cultura ou nas variáveis de entrada do modelo. Tem-se, para a cana-de-açúcar, que a máxima produtividade de açúcar ocorre no momento em que a Pol e a biomassa de colmos (TCH) são potencializados. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou: (i) testar a aderência de três distribuições de probabilidade (normal, gama e Weibull) aos dados diários de temperaturas média do ar e radiação solar global, em Piracicaba, SP; (ii) simular as variáveis temperatura do ar e radiação solar global por intermédio das distribuições normal bivariada, gama e Weibull, e a precipitação por intermédio da distribuição gama; (iii) propor um modelo, utilizando abordagem determinística para a variedade de interesse, para caracterizar a variação temporal do crescimento de biomassa seca de cana-de-açúcar e estimar a ordem de magnitude do período útil de industrialização (PUI), do dia de ocorrência do valor máximo da produtividade de sacarose (expressa em TPH) e das produtividades potencial e deplecionada de cana-de-açúcar, em dois ambientes de produção; (iv) estimar as variações das produtividades potencial, deplecionada por água e TPH (ciclo cana planta) por intermédio de procedimento estocástico para os elementos do clima (temperatura, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e precipitação). As simulações utilizando as distribuições normal bivariada e gama são apropriadas por representarem melhor os elementos do clima; o modelo para a estimação das produtividades potencial, deplecionada e de sacarose apresentou resultados satisfatórios quanto aos objetivos propostos (abordagem determinística); o desempenho das variações das produtividades ocorreu de forma semelhante, no que se refere a magnitude de valores, para as simulações utilizando as distribuições normal bivariada e gama, e apresentou tendência de superestimar os valores das produtividades, para a simulação utilizando a distribuição Weibull (abordagem estocástica dos elementos do clima). / Simulation models should be adjusted by values of parameters and input variables in order to provide results that best represent the observed values. Thus, due to inaccuracies that are subject the adjustment´s results, it is necessary to implement methods for uncertainties evaluation for either, the parameters of the culture or input variables of the model. For the sugarcane, the maximum productivity of sugar occurs when both, Pol and biomass of stems (TCH) are the maximum. The aims of this study were: (i) to verify the adherence of three probability distributions (normal, gama and Weibull) to the daily data of average air temperature and solar radiation, in Piracicaba, SP; (ii) to simulate the variables air temperature and solar radiation through the bivariate normal, gama and Weibull distributions, and precipitation through the gama distribution; (iii) to propose a model, by using deterministic approach to the genotype of interest, to characterize the temporal variation in dry matter growth of sugarcane estimating the magnitude order of the useful period of industrialization, the date of occurrence in maximum sucrose yield (expressed by TPH) and the sugarcane potential and depleted productivity, in two production environments; (iv) to estimate the variability of potential, depleted by water and TPH (sugarcane plant cycle) through a stochastic procedure for the climate elements (temperature, photosynthetically active radiation and precipitation). The simulations by using bivariate normal and gama distributions are appropriate to better represent the climate elements; the model to estimate potential, depleted and sucrose productivity showed satisfactory results for the proposed objectives (deterministic approach); yield variability was similar, as regard the magnitude of values, for the simulations by using bivariate normal and gama distributions and it presented a tendency to overestimate the productivity for simulations by using Weibull distribution (stochastic approach of climate elements).

This research study identified the frequency in which six public school districts in Texas provided principals with effective development opportunities prior to the principalship excluding university or certification programs. A purposive sample of over 200 principals from six school districts in the Dallas/Fort Worth area were asked to participate in the study yielding a response rate of 41%. Respondents identified through a questionnaire their leadership development opportunities and perceptions of preparedness on nine standards common to the profession. Principals were nominally grouped for comparison. The perceptions of preparedness for principals who received effective leadership development opportunities were compared to those who did not receive these same opportunities using an independent samples t-test to determine statistical significance (p < .05). Peer coaching yielded the most statistically significant results in three standards. This finding indicates principals who receive peer coaching prior to the principalship compared to those who did not perceive themselves as more prepared in the areas of community collaboration, political, social, economic, legal, and cultural context, and curriculum, instruction and assessment. Effect size was measured for the statistically significance standards to determine practical significance. Each of the five statistically significant standards yielded a medium effect size indicating that the leadership development methods received by participants explained approximately 30% of the difference.

With increasing popularity of indoor farming, more and more home growers are faced with sub-optimal lighting conditions in northern countries or poorly lit windows. We have designed and built a proof-of-concept system capable of reducing electricity cost and CO2 footprint of the electricity used for consumer grade grow lights without adversely impacting the grow cycle of the plant. Our system provides optimal grow light conditions for a given plant while using forecasts and live grid data from the ENTSO-E transparency platform to automatically use or store electricity during low-cost hours and avoid using grid electricity during high-cost hours, but can also be configured to prioritize electricity use when the available grid power’s carbon intensity is low. The system, consisting of a server and an embedded control unit, was designed and implemented according to Nunamaker and Chen’s five-step iterative systems development research method and later evaluated by simulating the system for 14 days using real world sunlight and grid data. The results of the simulation show a significant reduction in both spending and carbon emissions related to electricity use, with figures of 73% and 28%, respectively. However, when accounting for life-cycle cost and emissions from the battery, the prototype in its current configuration is neither profitable nor a net positive for the environment. With changes to battery type and taking advantage of economies of scale, a future version could be economically viable, but to be environmentally sustainable, further advances in eco-friendly battery production are needed.

Our societies are in desperate need of food production models which decrease c02 emissions and increase local resilience and ecological health. The overarching aim of this project is to increase small-scale local food production while also increasing the life quality of both ecosystems and humans. To reach this aim I have designed for behavioural change by co-creating with a community to form beliefs and rituals with respect to cultural tradition and local ecological circumstances, this project thereby lives in the intersection between life-centred design and social design. The focus of this project is to propose how novices could be empowered to grow food and to simplify the process of learning how to do so. Today most of us lack both knowledge and experience if we’d like to grow food, the typical contemporary lifestyle with busy schedules and travels don’t match well with vegetable gardening, there is a lack of both time and community. The final proposal is a service for finding others to learn with/from or for exchanging mutual favours, focused on vegetable gardening. It Increases connections between local people and help growers help each other. Its 3 functions are: Learn together: Simplify findings likeminded people to learn together with &amp; offer an established and free structure on learning how to grow food. Mutual favours made easy: Match people with specific practical needs to enable more people to grow food, find a Vacation Watering Companion for example. Unlock &amp; share local human knowledge: Format for adding, rating &amp; describing how specific seeds/plants/methods have worked out in local conditions. Create a reliable database of information about how local ecological growing might be optimised and developed. . Instead of focusing on innovation of something new, this project focuses on integration of the existing. The Solution is built upon pre existing support structures but utilises and applies its strengths in new contexts.

The thesis analyzes Baltimore City's food network, and seeks a site which has the potential for several factors: site accessibility, renewable resources, solar exposure, and connecting the community. These factors serve as the basis in which to build a hybrid prototype that is able to expose people to the process of food production through a combination of traditional outdoor farming methods and indoor hydroponics in the form of a vertical farm. / Master of Architecture

情報処理学会研究報告. SLP, 音声言語情報処理; 2003-SLP-49-46 第5回音声言語シンポジウム

Lynn Riggs was an early to mid-20th century Native American playwright who wrote twenty-four full length plays, his sole enduring success being Green Grow the Lilacs, the play upon which the musical Oklahoma! is based. For much of the early part of Riggs’s career, he was considered a uniquely pioneering and promising playwright, cited in competition with Eugene O’Neill as vying for the position of best playwright of their age. But while O’Neill has gone on to be considered America’s Greatest Playwright, the life and works of Lynn Riggs, save for his contribution to Rodgers and Hammerstein, have gone largely forgotten and unexamined. It is the purpose of my paper to 1) provide a biographical sketch of the man, 2) give an overview of several major themes that run through his work, and 3) provide some theory and analysis as to why the promise of this young and distinctly Native American voice was never adequately fulfilled in his lifetime. I will attempt to argue that a combination of circumstances including Riggs’s poor home life, his at times misogynistic and racist points of view, America’s inability to see Native Americans as other than caricatures and, quite simply, bad luck put much of Riggs’s writing on a fast track to failure and contemporary obscurity.

Economic policy in the EU faces a trilemma of solving three challenges simultaneously - growth, distribution, and the environment. In order to assess policies that address these issues simultaneously, economic models need to account for both sector-sector and sector-environment feedbacks within a single framework.This paper presents a multi-sectoral stock-flow consistent (SFC) macro model where a demand-driven economy consisting of multiple institutional sectors - firms, energy, households, government, and financial - interacts with the environment. The model is calibrated for the EU region and five policy scenarios are evaluated; low consumption, a capital stock damage function, carbon taxes, higher share of renewable energy, and technological shocks to productivity. Policy outcomes are tracked on overall output, unemployment, income and income distributions, energy, and emission levels. Results show that investment in mitigation technologies allows for absolute decoupling and ensures that the above three issues can be solved simultaneously. (author's abstract) / Series: Ecological Economic Papers