Les réactions d'hypersensibilité immédiate survenant au cours de l'anesthésie demeurent un sujet de préoccupation majeure pour les anesthésistes. Le médicament le plus fréquemment responsable d'une anaphylaxie sont les curares. Le but de ce travail est de préciser l'épidémiologie actuelle et d'identifier certains facteurs environnementaux susceptibles d'expliquer la fréquence élevée des réactions allergiques aux curares qui peuvent survenir en l'absence de toute exposition préalable. Dans la première partie de la thèse, une enquête nationale décrivant l'épidémiologie des réactions anaphylactiques peranesthésiques entre 2005 et 2007 en France. Elle a confirmé l'intérêt du dosage d'IgE spécifique anti-curare. La survenue de réactions d'hypersensibilité immédiate allergique à l'induction anesthésique lors d'une première exposition aux curares a conduit à évoquer l'existence d'une sensibilisation croisée avec des substances présentes dans l'environnement et possédant un ammonium quaternaire. Différentes hypothèses ont été proposées, notamment une exposition aux produits cosmétiques et/ou désinfectants, une exposition à des antigènes de type phosphorylcholine rencontrés dans les levures, ou certains parasites. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, deux populations professionnelles, des apprentis coiffeurs exposés à des agents chimiques contenant des ions ammoniums, et des boulanger-pâtissiers exposés à des allergènes de levures et de parasites, ont été comparées avec la population générale à la recherche de différences concernant la prévalence des anticorps IgE spécifique anti-curare. Au terme de ce travail, l'exposition à des produits cosmétiques chez les coiffeurs apparaît comme un facteur de risque de développer des anticorps IgE spécifique anti-curare, démontrant pour la première fois l'hypothèse du lien entre l'exposition répétée aux produits cosmétiques contenant l'ammonium quaternaire et la sensibilisation croisée aux curares / Immediate hypersensitivity reactions occurring during anesthesia remains a major concern for anesthesiologists. The drugs most frequently responsible for anaphylaxis are neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). The purpose of this study is to determine the current epidemiology and to identify environmental factors that may explain the high frequency of allergic reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents that can occur without any prior exposure. In the first part of the thesis, a national survey describing the epidemiology of anaphylaxis during anesthesia between 2005 and 2007 in France was carried out. The value of testing specific IgE against NMBA was confirmed.The occurrence of immediate allergic hypersensitivity reaction when first exposure to an NMBA during induction led to evoke the existence of cross-sensitization with substances present in environment and having a quaternary ammonium compound. Different hypotheses have been proposed including exposure to cosmetics and / or disinfectants, exposure to antigens encountered in phosphorylcholine yeasts, or parasites, or exposure to a derivative opiate, pholcodine. In the second part of the thesis, two occupational populations, hairdressers apprentice exposed to chemical agents containing ammonium ions, baker and pastry maker exposed to allergens yeast and parasites were compared with the general population to search for differences regarding the prevalence of specific IgE antibody against NMBA. At the end of this work, hairdressers exposed to cosmetics agents appears to be a risk factor for developing specific IgE antibodies against NMBA and we demonstrated for the first time the hypothesis of the ross-sensitization between repeated exposures to cosmetics products containing quaternary ammonium and NMBAs

Chez les coiffeurs, l’injonction à satisfaire le client, lui apporter un moment de détente et de bien-être semble participer de leur rhétorique professionnelle. Cette insistance vis-à-vis du souci de la clientèle révèle par là même le poids de la relation de service dans l’activité de travail des coiffeurs. Dès lors, celle-ci est souvent décrite positivement. Pourtant, elle n’est pas sans poser problème et peut être l’objet de tensions. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée par observations participantes et par entretiens dans plusieurs salons de coiffure et dans deux établissements de formation au métier de coiffeur, cette thèse s’intéresse au rapport au travail des coiffeurs et plus spécifiquement à la relation qui lie ces derniers aux clients et à l’ambivalence qui en découle. En réalité, pour mener à bien cette relation, la profession construit un ensemble de dispositions spécifiques (savoir-être, travail émotionnel et relationnel) en direction des clients et auxquelles sont socialisés les apprentis au cours de leur formation en école et au salon de coiffeur. Toutefois, tout n’est pas créé dans la relation de service, certaines compétences s’appuyant sur des dispositions sociales de genre et de classe. Avoir ces dispositions est central pour permettre le bon déroulement de cette relation et ainsi pouvoir faire carrière dans la profession. / Among Hairdressers, the injunction to satisfy the client, to bring him a moment of relaxation and well-being seems to participate in their professional rhetoric. This insistence on customer care reveals the weight of the service relationship in the work activity of hairdressers. Consequently, it is often described positively. However, it is not without problems and can be the subject of tensions. Based on an ethnographic survey carried out by participant observations and interviews in several hairdressing salons and two hairdressing training establishments, this thesis focuses on the relationship of hairdressers to work and more specifically to the relationship between hairdressers and clients and the resulting ambivalence. In fact, in order to carry out this relationship, the profession builds a set of specific provisions (skills, emotional and relational work) directed at the clients and to which the apprentices are socialized during their school and hairdresser training. However, not all is created in the service relationship, some skills relying on social provisions of gender and class. Having these provisions is central to the good progress of this relationship and thus being able to make a career in the profession.

Bakgrund : Felaktiga arbetsställningar utgör ett dominerande arbetsmiljöproblem inom frisöryrket. Ett stort problem är också kemiska preparat som orsakar hudirritation och handeksem. Frisörer arbetskadeanmäler oftare belastningsskador och uppger oftare hudöverkänslighet än personer i andra branscher. Syfte : Syftet med studien var att beskriva i vilken utsträckning som ergonomiska besvär och hudbesvär förekommer på frisörsalonger i Gävleborgs län och om förebyggande åtgärder vidtas för dessa besvär. Metod : Detta är en retrospektiv tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats med deskriptiv dataanalys. En webbenkät har skickats ut till 87 frisörer i Gävleborgs län, 50 personer har deltagit. Resultat : Resultatet visade att 36 av 50 personer uppgav att de hade ergonomiska besvär, främst från axlar/skuldror och nacke vilket förekom hos 25 personer. På de flesta salonger uppgavs att det fanns hjälpmedel för att förebygga besvär från nacke, axlar, skuldror, rygg och nedre extremiteter. De flesta uppgav att de använde de hjälpmedel som fanns och utövade fysisk aktivitet för att förebygga sina besvär på egen hand. En övervägande del svarade att inga hjälpmedel fanns på arbetet för att förebygga ergonomiska besvär från övre extremiteter. De flesta uppgav att de inte gjorde något på egen hand för att förebygga besvär från övre extremiteter. Det var 14 av 50 frisörer som uppgav att de hade hudbesvär på händerna. Handskar uppgavs som det främst förekommande hjälpmedlet på arbetet och de flesta uppgav att de använde dessa. Handkräm uppgavs som främst förekommande för egenvård. Slutsats : Ungefär tre fjärdedelar av frisörerna i Gävleborgs län uppgav att de hade ergonomiska besvär. Nästan en tredjedel av frisörerna uppgav att de hade hudbesvär på händerna. De allra flesta uppgav att de använde befintliga hjälpmedel och förebyggde både ergonomiska besvär och hudbesvär. Nyckelord: Arbetsrelaterade besvär, ergonomiska besvär, frisör, förebyggande, hjälpmedel, hudbesvär. / Introduction: Incorrect posture is a dominant health problem in the hairdressing profession. A significant problem is also chemicals that cause skin irritation and hand eczema. Hairdressers report musculoskeletal and skin sensitization more frequently than people in other professions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which ergonomic problems and skin problems occur in hairdressing salons in Gävleborg, and if preventive measures are taken for these problems. Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with quantitative data with descriptive data analysis. A web survey was sent out to 87 salons in Gävleborg, 50 people took part in the study. Results: The results showed that 36 of 50 people said they had ergonomic problems, mainly from the shoulders and neck which were reported by 25 people. Most salons had aid tools to prevent problems from neck, shoulders, back and from lower extremities. The majority of the hairdressers use the aid tools, mainly sadel chairs. The hairdressers practiced physical activity to prevent ergonomic problems. The majority responded that no aid tools were available at work to prevent ergonomic disorders of upper extremities. Most said they did not do anything on their own to prevent symptoms from upper limbs. There were 14 of 50 hairdressers who reported having skin problems on their hands. Gloves were the main aid available at work and hand cream mainly occurring in self-care. Conclusion: Approximately three-quarters of the hairdressers in Gävleborg had ergonomic problems. One third of the hairdressers had skin problems on their hands. The vast majority used the provided aid tools and prevented both the ergonomic problems and skin problems. Keywords: Aid tools, ergonomic problems, hairdresser, prevention, skin problems, work-related problems

This diploma thesis solves the project of polyfunctional apartment building in Habrovany village in the scope of the documentation for the realization of the building. The building is designed in accordance with the custom of building the region with the greatest possible elegance and modern design. The project includes two classic flats 3+kk and 5+1 and is one above-standard attic apartment 5+1 with a large roof terrace. The house belongs to two premises in the 1. floor and two office units in the 2. floor. The solution of parking on the land for residents and shop visitors and a smaller grassy park behind the house.

This thesis addresses the six-storey newly built residential building with shops and underground garages. The apartment building has 80 residential units, four shops, a hairdresser and offices. The apartment house is designed as a combined column concrete skeleton with brick infill. In the underground garage there are 88 seats in the collator parking system. The building consists of a compact shape.

The aim of my thesis was to create a project documentation for a new mixed-use building. The building is situated in the land register of Brno. It is a four storey building without basement, designed into the shape of rectangle. The first floor will be located several shops. Between the second and the fourth floor will be dwelling units. The object is based on the concrete prefabricated beams. It is covered by flat roof with Attica. I designed the project with emphasis on disposal orientation according to the cardinal points and constructed arrangements of the building. During the process I tried to use modern methods, common materials and I tried to separate space for living and space for public.

The subject of the this thesis is newly built mixed-use building in gap site in the Brno on the Křenová street. The object will have four aboveground floors and one underground floor. First floor there are officers, specifically hairdresser, pharmacy and establishement of small office. The whole second floor consists of smaller and bigger offices (if it be necessary, it can be connected in one large office divided into two parts). On the third and fourth aboveground floor there are individually flats. There are two flats 4+kitchen, two flats 2+kitchen, four single flats with kitchen and two barrier-free flats. For these flats, there are basement cellar floor. In the underground floor, there are single cellars in the basement for single-room flats, basement for the operation of the building, a cubicle, a drying room, a bicycle room and office storage. There is an overground parking on the northern side of the object. Thanks to the passage of the building from the north to the south side saves your steps.

This thesis addresses of construction design of new building multifunctional house. Multifunctional house is consists of subterranean garage, hairdresser, cafe and 36 residential units. The building has a cellar and 6 floors and it is covered with a flat roof.

The diploma work is to serve as a basis for strengthening the competitiveness of the new company engaged in the provision of hairdressing services and evaluation of business activity in the services market.

The subject of this thesis is newly built multifunctional building that will be built in Brno. The part of Brno is called Sadová. The building will have five floors above ground and one underground floor. The underground floors will be used for car parking. The first floor will be located several shops. It will be hairdresser, florist's, supermarket and a cafeteria. Between the second and the fifth floor will be dwelling units. There will be 14 dwelling units with an area > 100 m2 and 8 dwelling units with an area