Haji Gora Haji (1933) is a Swahili poet from Tumbatu. Some people in Zanzibar call him `The Old Hurricane´ after the title and the first poem of his anthology Kimbunga (1994 Dar es Salaam: Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili) that made him well-known all over Taniania. While making a living from the sea, as a fisherman, porter in the harbour, sailor and transporter of cloves, he has been composing, since 1955, a large amount of ngoma and taarab songs, riddles, tenzi and mashairi, short stories and, recently, a short novel. This paper discusses metaphors and images that are characteristic of Haji Gora`s work, the way in which they reveal his identity and how they have been put in terms of contradictions and oppositions.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiteit Leiden, 2000. / Errata slip inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. [281]-296).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiteit Leiden, 2000. / Errata slip inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. [281]-296).

Haji Gora Haji (1933) is a Swahili poet from Tumbatu. Some people in Zanzibar call him `The Old Hurricane´ after the title and the first poem of his anthology Kimbunga (1994 Dar es Salaam: Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili) that made him well-known all over Taniania. While making a living from the sea, as a fisherman, porter in the harbour, sailor and transporter of cloves, he has been composing, since 1955, a large amount of ngoma and taarab songs, riddles, tenzi and mashairi, short stories and, recently, a short novel. This paper discusses metaphors and images that are characteristic of Haji Gora`s work, the way in which they reveal his identity and how they have been put in terms of contradictions and oppositions.

Ignition and combustion enhancement of lean homogeneous mixtures offers the potential to simultaneously lower pollutant emissions and improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines. A single cylinder, high compression ratio (16.5:1), open chamber diesel engine has been converted to operate on homogenously charged compressed natural gas (CNG) with the aim of minimising pollutant emissions such as oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and carbon dioxide. Three ignition systems were tested to examine how effectively they could ignite lean mixtures of CNG with the ultimate aim of achieving simultaneously high thermal efficiency and low oxides of nitrogen emissions. The ignition systems examined were spark ignition (SI), diesel pilot ignition (DPI) and hydrogen assisted jet ignition (HAJI). Irrespective of ignition system used, the efficiency of the engine operating on CNG was significantly reduced at part load compared to diesel. This was predominantly due to a greater amount of unburnt hydrocarbons, higher cycle-by-cycle variability, slow and partial burns and increased heat transfer to the walls. DPI and HAJI systems were able to extend the lean limit to lambda 2.7 and 3.3 respectively, however this did not result in efficiency gains over SI systems. HAJI proved to be superior to DPI with higher peak efficiency, lower carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulates, and significantly lower oxides of nitrogen in the absence of a locally rich ignition source. (For complete abstract open document)

1990年7月22日，沙國與中共建交，我國隨即也宣布與之斷交。中、沙兩國的外交關係雖然消失，但雙方的實質關係仍繼續存在。例如在經貿關係方面，沙國是我國在全世界中第16大的貿易夥伴，同時也是在中東地區的第一大貿易夥伴，同時我國進口之原油約有30%以上來自該國。 儘管沙國是中東地區的重要國家，也和我國維持多項實質關係，但中、沙實質關係的發展，卻鮮少有國內的專家或學者深入探討。有鑒於此，加上沙國在國際社會以及我國對外關係上所扮演的重要角色，因而促成筆者研究此一專題。 本文總計五章，共十六節：第一章為緒論，指在闡明本文之研究動機與目的、研究途徑與方法等；第二章為中、沙兩國在斷交前的關係做一扼要說明，內容包括政治、外交、經濟、貿易、教科文與宗教等各層面之交流及其分析，此外也將對中、沙斷交之背景、過程做一深入之探討；第三章則將焦點放在兩國新關係之分析，自新關係談判開始，終於對新架構之評估，以補此方面研究之不足；第四章將針對斷交後的各方面交流與實質關係做一通盤整理，並進行觀察與分析，以期深入了解兩國關係﹔第五章為結論，將本文所探討之內容做一總結，檢討中、沙兩國關係得失，並提出未來展望與建議。 / On Jul. 22nd in 1990, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia（S.A.） established its diplomatic relations with Mainland China（P.R.C.）, meanwhile, Republic of China（R.O.C., Taiwan）also declared to break off that with Saudi Arabia. With the termination of Saudi and Taiwan’s mutual official relations, however, the communication and pragmatic relations between the two parties are still keeping moving on. For example, in terms of economic and trading dimension, Saudi Arabia is the top 16 trading partner in the world as well as the top 1 in Middle-East Area for R.O.C. in 2002, and 30% of Taiwan’s imported crude oil comes from S.A. annually. Though the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the most important countries in Middle East, and she does maintain lots of pragmatic communication with R.O.C., only few domestic scholars or experts take their studies on Saudi and Taiwan’s interaction and/or relationships. In addition to that, S.A. also plays a very important role in international society as well as for Taiwan’s foreign Relations. As a result, I decided to research on such a theme. There are 16 sections composed to 5 chapters in this thesis: Chapter 1 is an “Introduction”, the motive, and the purpose for the study, as well as the researching approach will be illustrated here; in Chapter 2, we are going to summarize the communication before the termination of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and R.O.C., including politics, diplomacy, economy, trade, education and etc.; Chapter 3 is focused on the two parties’ new framework for mutual relations; in Chapter 4, to clarify in all respects that the development of Saudi and Taiwan’s relations in recent years after the diplomatic relations been severed will be the key point; and in Chapter 5, we take a whole review and make some conclusions for readers’ or even governmental reference.

<p>Den här semantiska webben. Syftet är att undersöka hur den semantiska webben påverkar sökmotorer på webben. Detta sker genom en undersökning av tio olika sökmotorer där nio är semantiskt sådana och den tionde är den mest använda sökmotorn idag. Studien är genomförd som både en deskriptiv och kvantitativ studie. En litteraturundersökning har också genomförts om den semantiska webben och sökmotorer. Slutsatserna av den här studien är att den semantiska webben är mångfacetterad med dess definitioner, och att resultatet kring hur konkreta sökmotorer tillämpar semantiska webbprinciper kan variera beroende vilken sökmotor man interagerar med.Nyckelord: Semantic web, Semantiska webben, Semantik, Informatik, Web 2.0, Internet, Search engines, Sökmotorerthat relates to the semantic web. Therapporten behandlar definitioner av begrepp som är kopplade till denDen här semantiska webben. Syftet är att undersöka hur den semantiska webben påverkar sökmotorer på webben. Detta sker genom en undersökning av tio olika sökmotorer där nio är semantiskt sådana och den tionde är den mest använda sökmotorn idag. Studien är genomförd som både en deskriptiv och kvantitativ studie. En litteraturundersökning har också genomförts om den semantiska webben och sökmotorer. Slutsatserna av den här studien är att den semantiska webben är mångfacetterad med dess definitioner, och att resultatet kring hur konkreta sökmotorer tillämpar semantiska webbprinciper kan variera beroende vilken sökmotor man interagerar med.</p> / <p>This report deals with the definitions and terms main purpose has been to investigate how the semantic web affects search engines on the web. This has been done through an investigation consisting of ten different search engines. Nine of these search engines are considering being semantic search engines, and the last one being the most used one on the web today. The study is conducted as a descriptive and quantitative study. A literature review has also been implemented by the relevant sources about the semantic web and search engines. The conclusions drawn where that the semantic web is multifaceted with its definitions and that the result of how concrete search engines implements semantic web principles can vary depending on which search engine one interacts with.</p>

Den här semantiska webben. Syftet är att undersöka hur den semantiska webben påverkar sökmotorer på webben. Detta sker genom en undersökning av tio olika sökmotorer där nio är semantiskt sådana och den tionde är den mest använda sökmotorn idag. Studien är genomförd som både en deskriptiv och kvantitativ studie. En litteraturundersökning har också genomförts om den semantiska webben och sökmotorer. Slutsatserna av den här studien är att den semantiska webben är mångfacetterad med dess definitioner, och att resultatet kring hur konkreta sökmotorer tillämpar semantiska webbprinciper kan variera beroende vilken sökmotor man interagerar med.Nyckelord: Semantic web, Semantiska webben, Semantik, Informatik, Web 2.0, Internet, Search engines, Sökmotorerthat relates to the semantic web. Therapporten behandlar definitioner av begrepp som är kopplade till denDen här semantiska webben. Syftet är att undersöka hur den semantiska webben påverkar sökmotorer på webben. Detta sker genom en undersökning av tio olika sökmotorer där nio är semantiskt sådana och den tionde är den mest använda sökmotorn idag. Studien är genomförd som både en deskriptiv och kvantitativ studie. En litteraturundersökning har också genomförts om den semantiska webben och sökmotorer. Slutsatserna av den här studien är att den semantiska webben är mångfacetterad med dess definitioner, och att resultatet kring hur konkreta sökmotorer tillämpar semantiska webbprinciper kan variera beroende vilken sökmotor man interagerar med. / This report deals with the definitions and terms main purpose has been to investigate how the semantic web affects search engines on the web. This has been done through an investigation consisting of ten different search engines. Nine of these search engines are considering being semantic search engines, and the last one being the most used one on the web today. The study is conducted as a descriptive and quantitative study. A literature review has also been implemented by the relevant sources about the semantic web and search engines. The conclusions drawn where that the semantic web is multifaceted with its definitions and that the result of how concrete search engines implements semantic web principles can vary depending on which search engine one interacts with.